Using plasma circRNA_002453 as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of lupus nephritis.

This study aimed to determine the expression of circRNAs in plasma from lupus nephritis (LN) patients to identify novel biomarkers for LN screening. We initially performed microarray screening of circRNA changes in plasma from 5 L N patients, 5 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without LN, and 5 healthy controls. We then confirmed the selected circRNA changes in plasma from 59 SLE patients (30 with LN and 29 without LN), 26 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and 27 age- and sex-matched controls using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Spearman's correlation test was performed to assess the correlation of circRNAs and clinical variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created to evaluate the diagnostic value. We confirmed that plasma circRNA_002453 was significantly elevated in LN patients when compared with SLE patients without LN, RA patients, and healthy controls. Plasma circRNA_002453 was also found to be upregulated in SLE patients when compared with RA patients and healthy controls. Among these LN patients, we detected no significant correlation between plasma circRNA_002453 and disease activity, including complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), and SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) score. However, its expression level was significantly and positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria (r = 0.571, p = 0.001) and renal SLEDAI score (r = 0.640, p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that plasma circRNA_002453 had an area under the curve of 0.906 (95% CI 0.838-0.974, p < 0.001) to discriminate LN patients from controls (SLE patients without LN, RA patients, and healthy controls) with sensitivity of 0.900 and specificity of 0.841. The highest Youden index was 0.741 and the corresponding optimal cut-off value was 0.001. This study suggests that upregulated plasma circRNA_002453 level in LN patients is associated with the severity of renal involvement and may also serve as a potential biomarker for LN patient diagnosis.

Microarray Expression Profile of Circular RNAs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) compose a large class of RNAs that can be used as biomarkers in clinical blood samples. This study aimed to determine the expression of circRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to identify novel biomarkers for RA screening. METHODS: We started with a microarray screening of circRNA changes in PBMCs from 5 RA patients and 5 healthy controls. We then confirmed the selected circRNA changes in PBMCs from 30 RA patients and 25 age- and sex-matched controls using the real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Spearman correlation test was performed to assess the correlation of circRNAs and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value. RESULTS: We identified and verified five circRNAs (092516, 003524, 103047, 104871, 101873) that were significantly elevated in PBMCs from RA patients. Among these RA patients, we detected no significant correlation between the five circRNAs and the disease severity, including disease activity score (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). Yet, ROC curve analysis suggested that circRNA_104871 has significant value of RA diagnosis (AUC=0.833, P<0.001), followed by circRNA_003524 (AUC = 0.683, P = 0.020), circRNA_101873 (AUC = 0.676, P = 0.026), and circRNA_103047 (AUC = 0.671, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that increased expression of circRNAs circRNA_104871, circRNA_003524, circRNA_101873 and circRNA_103047 in PBMC from RA patients may serve as potential biomarkers for RA patient diagnosis.

MicroRNA-126 affects rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis by targeting PIK3R2 and regulating PI3K-AKT signal pathway.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and destruction of the joints as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) are involved in the progression of RA and release pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRs) may help control the inflammatory response of immune and non-immune cells. Therefore, our study used lentiviral expression vectors to test the effects of miR-126 overexpression on RASF proliferation and apoptosis. Luciferase experiments verified the targeting relationship between miR-126 and PIK3R2 gene. The co-transfection of anti-miR-126 and PIK3R2 siRNA to RASFs were used to identify whether PIK3R2 was directly involved in proliferation and apoptosis of miR-126-induced RASFs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect miR-126 and PIK3R2 expressions. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Western blotting was used to detect PIK3R2, PI3K, AKT and p-AKT proteins. After Lv-miR-126 infected RASFs, the relative expression of miR-126 was significantly enhanced. MiR-126 promoted RASF proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Levels of PIK3R2 decreased while total PI3K and p-AKT levels increased in RASFs overexpressing miR-126. Co-transfection of anti-miR-126 and PIK3R2 siRNA also increased PI3K and p-AKT levels as well as RASF proliferation and reduced apoptosis, as compared to anti-miR-126 treatment alone. Finally, luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-126 targeted PIK3R2. Our data indicate that miR-126 overexpression in RASFs inhibits PIK3R2 expression and promotes proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis. This suggests inhibiting miR-126 may yield therapeutic benefits in the treatment of RA.