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RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Computer-aided detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodules reduces the impact of observer variability, improving the reliability and reproducibility of nodule assessments in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of CAD on inter-observer agreement in the follow-up management of subsolid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dataset comprising 60 subsolid nodule cases was constructed based on the National Cancer Center lung cancer screening data. Five observers independently assessed all low-dose computed tomography scans and assigned follow-up management strategies to each case according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, using both manual measurements and CAD assistance. The linearly weighted Cohen's kappa test was used to measure agreement between paired observers. Agreement among multiple observers was evaluated using the Fleiss kappa statistic. RESULTS: The agreement of the five observers for NCCN follow-up management categorization was moderate when measured manually, with a Fleiss kappa score of 0.437. Utilizing CAD led to a notable enhancement in agreement, achieving a substantial consensus with a Fleiss kappa value of 0.623. After using CAD, the proportion of major and substantial management discrepancies decreased from 27.5% to 15.8% and 4.8% to 1.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). In 23 lung cancer cases presenting as part-solid nodules, CAD significantly elevates the average sensitivity in detecting lung cancer cases presenting as part-solid nodules (overall sensitivity, 82.6% vs. 92.2%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The application of CAD significantly improves inter-observer agreement in the follow-up management strategy for subsolid nodules. It also demonstrates the potential to reduce substantial management discrepancies and increase detection sensitivity in lung cancer cases presenting as part-solid nodules.
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Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Early Detection of Cancer , Observer Variation , Follow-Up Studies , ComputersABSTRACT
The pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex, and there are many hypotheses. The mainstream theory is the amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) and Tau protein phosphorylation. Oxidative stress (OS) is a bridge between other hypotheses and mechanisms and plays a key role in many hypotheses. Therefore, the treatment of OS in AD (ADOS) is beneficial in alleviating disease progression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a kind of antioxidant and a kind of oxidation products, with Aβ and Tau protein interactions, activating microglia and astrocytes, triggering inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the deterioration of the environment in the brain, and accelerating the development of disease. ROS, as a signal messenger inducing OS, is widely involved in the progression of AD and may be a new target for the progression of AD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers and compounds play an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of AD. Recent studies have found that the effective prevention and treatment of AD by TCM is closely related to the regulation of ROS. There are many studies on the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of AD via regulating ROS, but there is a lack of systematic review. By analyzing and summarizing the literature in China and abroad in recent years, this paper reviewed the generation and physiology of ROS, the mechanism of action of AD, and the prevention of AD by TCM via regulating ROS through relevant ways, so as to provide references for the research on the regulation of ROS by TCM and provide new targets and new methods for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Objective:To explore the impact of treatment duration with human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) on the efficacy and safety of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:In this subgroup analysis of RESK study, a total of 990 AIS patients recruited from 65 centers in China between August 2015 and June 2020 were included and divided into short medication group (HUK for 8 days, n=185) or long medication group (HUK for 15 days or 21 days, n=805). The proportions of patients with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0, 0-1, 0-2 at 90 days, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score change from baseline to 22 days, the proportions of patients with Barthel index (BI)≥95 at 90 days, and the incidences of adverse events were analyzed. Comparisons between groups were conducted using chi-square test, single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, etc. Results:Multivariate regression analysis showed that the proportions of patients with 90-day mRS score of 0-2 [74.1% (137/185) vs 75.0% (604/805); OR=1.047, 95% CI 0.676-1.620, P=0.838] and 22-day NIHSS score change from baseline (4.60±2.00 vs 4.26±2.80; OR=-0.390, 95% CI -1.125-0.344, P=0.297) showed no statistically significant difference between the short medication and long medication groups; the proportions of patients with 90-day mRS score of 0-1 [48.1% (89/185) vs 59.1% (476/805); OR=0.674, 95%CI 0.463-0.983, P=0.041] and 90-day BI≥95 [43.6% (79/181) vs 55.1% (442/802); OR=0.614, 95%CI 0.420-0.897, P=0.012] were significantly lower in the short medication group than in the long medication group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of adverse events between these 2 groups. Conclusions:In AIS patients, consecutive 8-day dosing of HUK improved immediate (22-day NIHSS score) and long-term outcome (90-day mRS score 0-2) and was safely tolerated. When applicable, extended duration of HUK could improve long-term disability-free rate (90-day mRS score 0-1) and quality of life (90-day BI) without increasing the risk of adverse events.
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Blood stasis is an important pathological factor throughout the whole course of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which could evolve from new into long stagnation, and the methods of dispelling stasis to promote regeneration should throughout the whole disease progress. It is believed that the basis of the radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is heat toxin dispersing qi and yin, and deficiency of healthy qi promoting blood stasis. The process of the disease showed latent fire burning pulmonary collaterals, and the binding of phlegm and stasis. The key factors of the disease were the damage of ying-wei (营卫) qi in channels and collaterals, as well as the blood stasis evolving into dried blood. It is suggested that during radiotherapy, we should pay more attention to relieve heat, moisten dryness, supplement qi and yin, nourish and harmonize blood, and remove blood stasis, so as to prevent disease before it arises. If there is radiation pneumonia, we could focus on dissolving phlegm, removing blood stasis, clearing latent fire, and unblocking the collaterals and veins, in order to "control the development of existing disease". If it develops into radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we could relive the center and supplement deficiency, tonify original qi, dispel stasis to promote regeneration, and clear dried blood, for the purpose of slowing the progression of disease. These ideas might provide reference for clinical treatment.
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BACKGROUND: The significance of asymmetric enhancement on cavernous sinus MRIs in the differential diagnosis of ischemic and inflammatory oculomotor cranial nerve (OCN) palsies remains controversial. This study explored the cavernous sinus MRI findings for cavernous sinus idiopathic inflammation (inflammation group), microvascular ischemic OCN palsy (ischemic group), and ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG group) patients. METHODS: A total of 66, 117, and 60 patients were included in the inflammation, ischemic, and OMG groups, respectively. Cavernous sinus MRIs were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The abnormality rates of cavernous sinus MRIs for OMG and ischemic groups were 41.7% (25/60) and 61.5% (72/117), respectively. Inconsistency rates between clinical topical diagnosis and imaging findings for inflammation and ischemic groups were 3.0% (2/66) and 13.7% (16/117), respectively (P = 0.020). In the inflammation group, cavernous sinus thickness, thickening enhancement, and enhancing adjacent lesions were noted in 90.9% (60/66), 71.2% (47/66), and 25.8% (17/66) of the patients, whereas in the ischemic group, they were noted in 51.3% (60/117), 38.5% (45/117), and 0.9% (3/117) of the patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Among ischemic CN III palsy patients, 55.5% (15/27) and 16.7% (2/12) of the cases had CN III enlargement and enhancement in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, respectively (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Cavernous sinus MRI abnormalities can be explained by specific pathologic mechanisms of the primary disease based on the complex neuroanatomy. However, suspicious inflammatory changes cannot exclude the possibility of ischemia and over reliance on these findings should be avoided.
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Although there are many studies on the preparation and electrochemical properties of the different crystal forms of manganese dioxide, there are few studies on their preparation by a liquid phase method and the influence of their physical and chemical properties on their electrochemical performance. In this paper, five crystal forms of manganese dioxide were prepared by using manganese sulfate as a manganese source and the difference of their physical and chemical properties was studied by phase morphology, specific surface area, pore size, pore volume, particle size and surface structure. The different crystal forms of manganese dioxide were prepared as electrode materials, and their specific capacitance composition was obtained by performing CV and EIS in a three-electrode system, introducing kinetic calculation and analyzing the principle of electrolyte ions in the electrode reaction process. The results show that δ-MnO2 has the largest specific capacitance due to its layered crystal structure, large specific surface area, abundant structural oxygen vacancies and interlayer bound water, and its capacity is mainly controlled by capacitance. Although the tunnel of the γ-MnO2 crystal structure is small, its large specific surface area, large pore volume and small particle size make it have a specific capacitance that is only inferior to δ-MnO2, and the diffusion contribution in the capacity accounts for nearly half, indicating it also has the characteristics of battery materials. α-MnO2 has a larger crystal tunnel structure, but its capacity is lower due to the smaller specific surface area and less structural oxygen vacancies. ε-MnO2 has a lower specific capacitance is not only the same disadvantage as α-MnO2, but also the disorder of its crystal structure. The tunnel size of ß-MnO2 is not conducive to the interpenetration of electrolyte ions, but its high oxygen vacancy concentration makes its contribution of capacitance control obvious. EIS data shows that δ-MnO2 has the smallest charge transfer impedance and bulk diffusion impedance, while the two impedances of γ-MnO2 were the largest, which shows that its capacity performance has great potential for improvement. Combined with the calculation of electrode reaction kinetics and the performance test of five crystal capacitors and batteries, it is shown that δ-MnO2 is more suitable for capacitors and γ-MnO2 is more suitable for batteries.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of human myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) in the process of neuronal death induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by establishing an in vitro model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) by LPS.@*METHODS@#Healthy C57BL/6J mice at 14-18 days of gestation were selected, and brain cortical tissue was taken from fetal mice. Neurons were stimulated with 0 (control), 1, 5 and 10 g/L of LPS for 24 hours. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected and the death of neurons was observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), in order to determine the optimal dose of LPS for establishing an in vitro neuroinflammation model of SAE. The cells were divided into blank control group and LPS group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) was used to discover apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the relevant protein markers activated caspase-3, necroptosis-associated protein neuronal receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and phosphorylated RIPK3 (p-RIPK3). Immunofluorescence chemical staining was used to detect the expressions of p-RIPK3 and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) to evaluate the type of cell death and the degree of neuronal death. Western blotting was used to detect MD2 expression. Immunofluorescence chemical staining was performed to observe the expression and distribution of p-RIPK3 and MD2 in neurons to assess whether MD2 was involved in the inflammatory response promoting neuronal death. In addition, the cells were divided into blank control group, LPS group, and MD2 interfering peptide group (LPS+TC group), and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and LDH were detected to evaluate whether interfering with MD2 can alleviate LPS induced neuroinflammation.@*RESULTS@#10 g/L LPS induced notable neuronal death, and the release of LDH in neurons stimulated with this concentration for 24 hours was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (relative release: 1.45±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.01), indicating apoptosis and necroptosis occurred in neurons, and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β were remarkable increased [IL-6 (relative level): 1.94±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.00, IL-1β (relative level): 1.53±0.09 vs. 1.00±0.00, both P < 0.01]. Compared with the blank control group, the apoptosis of cells, cleaved-caspase-3 expression, the p-RIPK3/RIPK3 ratio, and p-RIPK3 expression around neurons in the LPS group were significantly increased [cleaved-caspase-3/GAPDH: 1.55±0.10 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.01; p-RIPK3/RIPK3 ratio (relative value): 1.54±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.05], which suggested that typical apoptosis and necroptosis apoptosis occurred in neurons in the septic environment. Furthermore, MD2 expression was significantly increased in the LPS group compared with the blank control group (MD2/GAPDH: 1.91±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.01), and MD2 expression around neurons was increased, indicating that LPS-induced MD2 upregulation may play a key role in neuroinflammation and induction of neuronal death in sepsis. In addition, compared with the LPS group, the MD2-interfering peptide could reduce the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β [IL-6 (relative level): 1.16±0.08 vs. 1.94±0.04, IL-1β (relative level): 1.15±0.05 vs. 1.75±0.09, both P < 0.01] and decrease LDH release (relative release: 1.09±0.01 vs. 1.44±0.04, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#LPS induced neuronal inflammatory responses via MD2, which ultimately leads to apoptosis and necroptosis. Interfering with MD2 reduces inflammation and inhibits neuronal death.
Subject(s)
Mice , Humans , Animals , Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy , Caspase 3 , Interleukin-6 , Neuroinflammatory Diseases , Lipopolysaccharides , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Cell Differentiation , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of YAP on the occurrence and progression of acute liver failure by regulating the ferroptosis pathway and its underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 20 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an acute liver failure model group, a YAP agonist XMU-MP-1 treatment group and a YAP inhibitor verteporfin treatment group, five mice for each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hepatic inflammation and necrosis. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected by liver biochemistry. Iron (Fe), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) determination kits were used to measure their levels in liver tissues of each group. The changes of hepatocyte mitochondrial in each group were observed by electron microscopy. Real time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of YAP, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Results Compared with the control group, mice in the acute liver failure model group and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin treatment group showed severe liver tissue congestion with inflammatory cell infiltration and structural damage to hepatic lobules. Liver injury was alleviated in the XMU-MP-1 treatment group. With the occurrence of liver failure, plasma ALT and AST levels significantly increased, and liver function was improved in XMU-MP-1 treatment group. Electron microscopy showed that mitochondria in hepatocytes of mice with liver failure became smaller and bilayer membrane density increased, while mitochondria changes in the XMU-MP-1 group were alleviated. In addition, the acute liver failure model group showed an increase in Fe and MDA contents, decreased protein expressions of GPX4, and enhanced expression of 5-LOX, suggesting that ferroptosis was involved in acute liver failure in C57BL/6 mice. Ferroptosis was inhibited by activation of YAP. Conclusion Activation of YAP may ameliorate liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Ferroptosis , Glutathione , Liver Failure , Liver Failure, Acute/drug therapy , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Verteporfin , YAP-Signaling Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
@#Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) complicated by hepatic myelopathy (HM). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical features,auxiliary examinations,diagnosis and treatment,and outcomes of 5 patients diagnosed with HLD complicated by HM in our hospital from January 2018 to February 2023,and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results Among the 5 patients,4 were male and 1 was female; the age of onset of HM ranged from 16 to 32 years. All 5 patients had manifestations of decompensated cirrhosis,and 3 patients had a history of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The spinal MRI showed abnormal signals in the thoracic cord in 2 patients. Electromyography showed abnormalities in 3 patients,and electroencephalography showed significantly slower background brain waves in 4 patients. Two patients underwent liver transplantation,and 2 patients received endovascular treatment. One patient died of upper gastrointestinal bleeding; the other 4 patients had varying degrees of recovery. Conclusion The prevalence of HLD complicated by HM is very low. High copper status,hyperammonemia,TIPS,anemia,hypoproteinemia,and portal hypertension are directly associated with HM.
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is very common in sexually active men and women. HPV vaccination is the most effective measure for primary prevention for HPV infection and HPV-related diseases ultimately. HPV infection can cause condylomata acuminata in males, and is also associated with penile cancer, anal cancer and oral cancer; however, most male HPV carriers do not have signs or symptoms, so prevention and treatment of HPV infection in men can effectively reduce the risk of HPV infection in their partners. In most countries the HPV vaccination coverage among females is far lower than targeting expectation, and the effective herd immunity has not been achieved yet. Men can directly benefit from HPV vaccination, which is also beneficial for their partners, therefore HPV vaccination for men is worth considering. In this article we briefly describe HPV vaccination in males and overview their awareness and acceptance of HPV vaccination, so as to provide references for promoting HPV vaccination among men in the future.
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Objective@#Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia symptoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which might lead to a poor prognosis and an increased risk of depression relapse. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of EDS and insomnia symptoms among adolescents with MDD. @*Methods@#The sample of this cross-sectional study included 297 adolescents (mean age=15.26 years; range=12–18 years; 218 females) with MDD recruited from three general and four psychiatric hospitals in five cities (Hefei, Bengbu, Fuyang, Suzhou, and Ma’anshan) in Anhui Province, China between January and August, 2021. EDS and insomnia symptoms, and clinical severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. @*Results@#The prevalence of EDS and insomnia symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 39.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that EDS symptoms were significantly associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]=1.097, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.027–1.172), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.313, 95% CI=1.028–1.679), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use (OR=2.078, 95% CI=1.199–3.601). And insomnia symptoms were positively associated with female sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI=1.052–3.633), suicide attempts (OR=1.765, 95% CI=1.037–3.005), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=2.031, 95% CI=1.523–2.709), and negatively associated with antipsychotics use (OR=0.433, 95% CI=0.196–0.952). @*Conclusion@#EDS and insomnia symptoms are common among adolescents with MDD. Considering their negative effects on the clinical prognosis, regular screening and clinical managements should be developed for this patient population.
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To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qingwen Baiduyin on acute lung injury (ALI) in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MethodA total of 144 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups: a normal group, a model group (LPS, 5 mg·kg-1), a dexamethasone group (5 mg·kg-1), and low-, medium-, and high-dose Qingwen Baiduyin groups (14.105, 28.21, 56.42 g·kg-1). The mice were treated once daily for 5 days. One hour after the final administration, the ALI model was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS, and samples were collected at 6 h and 24 h after modeling. The arterial blood gas index of mice was analyzed. The total protein content, total cell count, Evans blue dye (EBD) content, and lung tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to assess the pathological changes in mouse lung tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins in the Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/interferon regulatory factor 1 (JAK1/STAT1/IRF1) signaling pathway in lung tissue. ResultCompared with the normal group, the model group showed reduced arterial oxygen pressure (pO2), oxygen saturation (SO2), and lung tissue W/D (P<0.05, P<0.01), increased carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), total protein content, total cell count, EBD content, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), chemokine CXC ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine CXC ligand 2 (CXCL2), chemokine CXC ligand 9 (CXCL9), and chemokine CXC ligand 10 (CXCL10) content (P<0.05, P<0.01), thickening of the alveolar walls, fusion of alveolar cavities, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, increased proportion of M1 macrophage polarization and lung cell apoptosis (P<0.05), and increased protein expression levels of JAK1, phosphorylated JAK1 (p-JAK1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), STAT1, phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1), IRF1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Qingwen Baiduyin significantly increased pO2, SO2, and lung tissue W/D (P<0.05, P<0.01), improved the pathological changes in lung tissue, and reduced pCO2, total protein content, total cell count, EBD content, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10 content, proportion of M1 macrophage polarization, and protein expression levels of JAK1, p-JAK1, iNOS, STAT1, p-STAT1, IRF1, GSDMD, and MLKL (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionQingwen Baiduyin can improve the lung inflammatory response and reduce lung cell apoptosis in mice with ALI by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1/IRF1 signaling pathway, thereby exerting a lung-protective effect.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Zuojinwan (ZJW) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) through network pharmacology and experimental validation. MethodUsing network pharmacology and molecular docking, the active components and potential mechanism of ZJW in treating UC were preliminarily identified. Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a sulfasalazine group (300 mg·kg-1), and low-, medium-, and high-dose ZJW groups (1.82, 3.64, 7.28 g·kg-1). The UC model was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and oral administration of drugs began on the third day of modeling, lasting for 7 days. The general condition of mice was observed daily, and the disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in colon tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in mouse serum. The molecular mechanism was validated using Western blot. ResultNetwork pharmacology predicted that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway might be a key pathway in the regulation of UC by ZJW. Molecular docking results showed good binding ability between the key components of ZJW and core targets. Animal experiment results showed that compared with the normal group, the model group had shortened colon length (P<0.01), increased DAI scores, spleen index, colon tissue pathology scores, and levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum (P<0.05, P<0.01), increased PI3K, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) expression in colon tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01), and decreased serum IL-10 levels and colon tissue Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the ZJW groups showed significant improvement in UC symptoms, relieved colon tissue pathological damage, downregulated levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in serum (P<0.01), inhibited expression of PI3K, p-Akt, and Bax proteins in colon tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01), and increased serum IL-10 levels and colon tissue Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.01), with the high-dose group showing the best effect. ConclusionZJW effectively alleviates DSS-induced UC, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression.
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OBJECTIVE: A thorough examination of PLKs in breast cancer, including their expression and prognosis. METHODS: With the help of the Oncomine database, the transcript levels of PLKs in breast cancer were examined. The changes in PLKs expression with tumor stage and indeed the relationship between PLKs expression and stage of cancer in women with breast cancer were scrutinized by using the GEPIA database. Based on Kaplan-Meier plots, breast cancer patients were assessed for their prognosis. Breast cancer gene expression and mutations were analyzed within the cBioPortal database. RESULTS: According to Oncomine data, PLK1 and PLK4 mRNA expression levels were dramatically elevated in breast cancer patients while PLK2 and PLK5P levels were significantly downregulated. PLK1 and PLK4 expression were discovered to be greater in breast cancer tissues than in healthy tissues following analysis of the GEPIA database (P < 0.05). High levels of PLK1 and PLK4 transcripts have been linked to poor relapse-free survival rates across all patients with breast cancer according to the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The high levels of PLK2, PLK3, and PLK5 were associated with a higher recurrence-free survival rate. In the cBioPortal database, PLK was altered in 9.6% of breast cancer samples. Genetic alterations occurred in 15.07% of clinically counted invasive breast cancers, with mutations in 4.11%, gene amplifications in 9.59%, and gene deletion mutations in 1.37%. Additionally, the KEGG database demonstrates that PLKs are crucial for the cell cycle. The findings imply that elevated PLK1 and PLK4 expression in tissues of breast cancer might contribute significantly to the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Moreover, PLK1 and PLK4 are highly expressed in breast cancer, and their use as molecular markers to identify high-risk subsets from patients with breast cancer is potentially possible. CONCLUSIONS: For the precise therapy of breast cancers, PLK1 and PLK4 are potential targets, while PLK2, PLK3, and PLK5 are brand-new biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Prognosis , Mutation , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/geneticsABSTRACT
Frequent oil spill accidents and industrial wastewater discharge has always been one of the most severe worldwide environmental problems. To cope with this problem, many fluorine-containing and high-cost materials with superwettability have been extensively applied for oil-water separation, which hinders its large-scale application. In this work, a novel human hair fiber (HHF)-polymerized octadecylsiloxane (PODS) fiber was fabricated with a facile one-pot dip-coating synthesis approach, inspired by the self-assembly performance and hydrophobicity of OTS modification. The benefits of prominent hydrophobic/lipophilic behavior lie in the low surface energy, and a rough PODS coating was rationally adhered on the surface of HHF. Driven solely by gravity and capillary force, the HHF-PODS showed excellent oil/water separation efficiency (> 99.0%) for a wide range of heavy and light oil/water mixtures. In addition, HHF-PODS demonstrated durability toward different harsh environments like alkaline, acid, and salty solutions.
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Oils , Petroleum Pollution , Dietary Fiber , Hair , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , WastewaterABSTRACT
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2 O3 NPs) is the main component of air pollution particles in urban rail transit environment. People are more exposed to Fe2 O3 NPs, however, the studies on relationship between Fe2 O3 NPs and respiratory health are limited. In the present study, acute airway inflammation caused by Fe2 O3 NPs and its possible mechanism were investigated. BALB/c mice were intratracheally challenged with different concentrations of Fe2 O3 NPs. Fe2 O3 NPs induced bronchial epithelial barrier function damage, infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes into the airway submucosa, secretion of mucus in the airway epithelium and elevated expression of eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) in lungs. Compared with the control group, Fe2 O3 NPs increased eosinophils by 20 times in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and markedly increased eosinophils related cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL) -5, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-3, eotaxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). Furthermore, Fe2 O3 NPs up-regulated levels of IL-5, MCP-3, eotaxin, and KC in serum. In vitro studies showed that Fe2 O3 NPs increased the genes and proteins expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, TLR4, TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and TNF-α in RAW267.4 cells. The downstream inflammatory cytokine protein expression and release such as TNF-α was significantly decreased after using TLR2/TLR4 inhibitor OxPAPC, but not MyD88 inhibitor ST2825. These results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 played important role in Fe2 O3 NPs inducing acute eosinophilic airway inflammation in the murine lung.
Subject(s)
Toll-Like Receptor 2 , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Animals , Inflammation , Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand physical activity status and its relation with cardiopulmonary endurance among Chinese children and adolescents, so as to provide reference for cardiopulmonary endurance improvement and intervention of Chinese children and adolescents.@*Methods@#During September to November 2018, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in six major regions of China, 20 m shuttle run test and physical activity were assessed.@*Results@#Average duration for daily lowintensity physical activity among boys was (31.49±30.01) min, for moderate to vigorous physical activity (68.37±46.50) min. Average duration for low intensity physical activity among girls was (34.02±31.58) min, for moderate to vigorous physical activity was (63.02±44.91) min. The number of 20 m shuttle run test for boys reached ( 36.17 ±21.94) times, and the maximal oxygen uptake per minute was (44.51±5.05) mL/kg; the number of 20 m shuttle run test for girls reached (26.59±12.56) times, and the maximal oxygen uptake per minute was (41.99±5.29) mL/kg. There were statistically significant differences in the number of 20 m shuttle run test and maximal oxygen uptake across age groups in boys ( F= 589.37 , 152.79, P <0.01), as well as that in girls ( F=305.21, 1 032.46, P <0.01). The proportion of boys and girls who met moderate to vigorous physical activity standard was 49.24% and 42.92%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake ( β=0.11, P < 0.01).@*Conclusion@#There is a significant correlation between moderate to vigorous physical activity with cardiorespiratory endurance among Chinese children and adolescents. Higher level of moderate to vigorous physical activity is important to help improve cardiopulmonary endurance among children and adolescents.
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Complement is an important element of immune system playing vital roles in immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis. Increasing evidence shows that complement activations not only protect the body, but contribute to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. Inappropriate activations of complement may also lead to or aggravate various neuro-immunological diseases, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Several complement-targeted therapeutics have emerged in recent years, established themselves as popular clinical research topics associated with various autoimmune diseases. Following that note, this review introduces mechanisms of complements participating in autoimmune diseases of the nervous system and the latest development of complement-targeted therapeutics, with the view to contributing to the development of this emerging therapeutic field.
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune encephalitis is a type of autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, which is mediated or associated with anti-neural antibodies. The pathogenesis and etiology are complex. Acute or subacute psycho-behavioral abnormalities, seizures, and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and aggressive immunotherapy are helpful for prognosis. This article reviews the progress in the pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effect of sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets on serum tenascin-C (TN-C) level and myocardial remodeling in patients of chronic left heart failure (CHF) complicated with renal failure.Methods:A total of 84 patients with chronic left heart failure complicated with renal failure admitted to Qinhuangdao Jungong Hospital from October 2020 to October 2021 were included and divided into the observation group (treated with sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets) and the control group (treated with valsartan), with 42 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after 3 months of treatment. The TN-C level and cardiac function index left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), troponin T (cTnT) and other index before the treatment and after 3 months of treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:After 3 months of treatment, the total effective rate between the two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the TN-C level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group: (32.42 ± 4.22) μg/L vs. (37.32 ± 4.86) μg/L; and the LVEF in the observation group was higher than that in the control group: (41.21 ± 5.39)% vs. (37.76 ± 5.45)%, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The LVEDD and cTnT in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment, neuroendocrine factors norepinephrine, aldosterone, angiotensin Ⅱlevels in the in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (1 668.60 ± 251.19) pmol/L vs. (2 005.86 ± 280.91) pmol/L, (246.97 ± 13.99) ng/L vs. (275.41 ± 19.38) ng/L, (99.68 ± 8.57) ng/L vs. (112.20 ± 9.52) ng/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets have a good effect in the treatment of CHF complicated with renal failure, which can improve the cardiac function and inhibit the over-activation of neuroendocrine hormones.