ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to describe: 1) the active ingredients and desensitizing toothpaste brands; 2) the evaluation of these active ingredients over time, and 3) the fluoride and abrasive content in the formulations designed to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH). METHODOLOGY: In total, 138 RCTs and their tested toothpastes were included. Searches were updated up to August 19, 2021. Formulations, reported brands, active ingredients over time, and type of fluoride (ionizable or ionic fluoride) and abrasive (calcium or silica-based) were analyzed (PROSPERO #CRD42018086815). RESULTS: Our trials assessed 368 toothpaste formulations, including 34 placebo (9%), 98 control toothpastes with fluoride (27%), and 236 (64%) with active ingredients to treat DH. We tested the following active ingredients: potassium compounds (n=68, 19%), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (n=37, 10%), strontium compounds (n=28, 8%), arginine (n=29, 8%), stannous fluoride (SnF2) (n=21, 6%), hydroxyapatite (n=9, 2%), potassium combined with another active ingredient (n=19, 5%), inorganic salt compounds (n=11, 3%), citrate (n=5, 1%), formaldehyde (n=3, 1%), herbal (n=4, 1%), copolymer (n=1, 0.5%), and trichlorophosphate (TCP) (n=1, 0.5%). The number of toothpaste formulations increased since 1968, with the greatest increment after 2010. Most toothpastes described their type of fluoride as sodium monofluorphosphate (MFP) (n=105, 29%) and NaF (n=82, 22%), with silica-based (n=84, 23%) and calcium-based (n=64, 17%) abrasives. CONCLUSION: Patients and dentists enjoy an increasing number of brands and active ingredients to decide what desensitizing toothpaste to use. The most common types of fluoride are MFP and NaF.
Subject(s)
Dentin Desensitizing Agents , Dentin Sensitivity , Dentin Desensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Dentin Sensitivity/drug therapy , Double-Blind Method , Fluorides/therapeutic use , Humans , Potassium Compounds , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sodium Fluoride , Toothpastes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: This study aimed to review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to describe: 1) the active ingredients and desensitizing toothpaste brands; 2) the evaluation of these active ingredients over time, and 3) the fluoride and abrasive content in the formulations designed to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methodology: In total, 138 RCTs and their tested toothpastes were included. Searches were updated up to August 19, 2021. Formulations, reported brands, active ingredients over time, and type of fluoride (ionizable or ionic fluoride) and abrasive (calcium or silica-based) were analyzed (PROSPERO #CRD42018086815). Results: Our trials assessed 368 toothpaste formulations, including 34 placebo (9%), 98 control toothpastes with fluoride (27%), and 236 (64%) with active ingredients to treat DH. We tested the following active ingredients: potassium compounds (n=68, 19%), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (n=37, 10%), strontium compounds (n=28, 8%), arginine (n=29, 8%), stannous fluoride (SnF2) (n=21, 6%), hydroxyapatite (n=9, 2%), potassium combined with another active ingredient (n=19, 5%), inorganic salt compounds (n=11, 3%), citrate (n=5, 1%), formaldehyde (n=3, 1%), herbal (n=4, 1%), copolymer (n=1, 0.5%), and trichlorophosphate (TCP) (n=1, 0.5%). The number of toothpaste formulations increased since 1968, with the greatest increment after 2010. Most toothpastes described their type of fluoride as sodium monofluorphosphate (MFP) (n=105, 29%) and NaF (n=82, 22%), with silica-based (n=84, 23%) and calcium-based (n=64, 17%) abrasives. Conclusion: Patients and dentists enjoy an increasing number of brands and active ingredients to decide what desensitizing toothpaste to use. The most common types of fluoride are MFP and NaF.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A uterine neoplasm was observed, as an incidental finding, during post-mortem examination of a 26-year-old female multiparous African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). The intramural, expansile, 2 to 3 cm well-demarcated, dark-red, nodular neoplasm was located on the anterior uterine body (corpus) wall. METHODS: The mass was examined by light microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The mass was confirmed as a cavernous uterine angioleiomyoma (syn. vascular leiomyoma) characterized by abundant intratumoural vasculature lined by Factor VIII-positive endothelial cells and surrounded by smooth muscle actin-positive cell proliferations. CONCLUSION: Angioleiomyoma sharing the characteristics of intramural human cavernous uterine angioleiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uterine tumours in non-human primates.
Subject(s)
Angiomyoma/veterinary , Chlorocebus aethiops , Monkey Diseases/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/veterinary , Angiomyoma/diagnosis , Angiomyoma/diagnostic imaging , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Monkey Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Evaluar respuesta de pacientes VIH (+) al tratamiento antirretroviral de alta eficacia, relacionándose con la carga viral y el contaje de células CD4+. 2) Determinar si hay diferencias en respuesta al tratamiento utilizado esquemas con inhibidores de proteasas (IP) versus esquemas con inhibidores de transcriptasa reversa no nucleósidos (NNRTI). 3) Precisar si los factores demográficos o antecedentes de enfermedades oportunistas, intervienen en falla virológica al tratamiento. Estudio retrospectivo comparativo basado en la revisión de 222 historias pacientes con SIDA, controlados en la Fundación Daniela Chappard. Estadísticamente se evaluó por Wilcoxon Rank en relación con el de Kaplan-Meier y modelo proporcional de Cox. Un 76 por ciento de los pacientes recibieron HAART, 88,75 por ciento esquemas con IP, y 11,24 por ciento NNRTI de los pacientes con NNRTI fueron 15:7 sin tratamiento previo y 8 con tratamiento. la media de carga viral al inicio, fue 520,68 copias/ml, D.S. de 98.032, y la carga viral por tratamiento fue <500 copias/ml, con delta de carga viral 63,800 copias/ml, tiempo promedio de 11,62 meses. El promedio de CD4+ al inicio fue de 280 células x mm3, D.S. de 206.74 cél. x mm3, y post-tratamiento 320 cel. x mm3, delta de 40,90 células x mm3, en un tiempo de 10,51 meses. Delta de la carga viral utilizando IP 62,132 copias/ml, y con NNRTI 35-858,33 copias/ml, sin diferencia significativa. Delta de CD4+ en esquemas con IP fue de 38,71 cél. x mm3, y con NNRTI 81,2 cél. x mm3 sin diferencia significativa. La falla virológica 18,66 por ciento, Delta de CD4+ tuvo una razón de riesgo (RR=0,99) a falla virológica estadísticamente significativo (p=0,014). El tratamiento antirretroviral previo no influyó. HAART es efectivo para lograr supresión mantenida de viremia plasmática y elevar CD4+ independientemente del esquema antirretroviral usado, de CD4+ es factor predictor de buen pronóstico.