Cotyledonary somatic embryo is one kind of intermediate material similar to callus in the process of in vitro tissue culture from Rosa hybrida 'John F. Kennedy'.

BACKGROUND: Rose is recognized as an important ornamental plant worldwide, and it is also one of the most widely used flowers in gardens. At present, the improvement of rose traits is still difficult and uncertain, and molecular breeding can provide new ideas for the improvement of modern rose varieties. Somatic embryos are quite good receptors for genetic transformation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying during the regeneration process of rose somatic embryos. To elucidate the molecular regulation mechanism of somatic embryo plantlet regeneration, the relationship between the differences in traits of the two different regenerated materials and the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to phytohormone pathways in the process of regeneration were be investigated. RESULTS: These representative two regenerated samples from single-piece cotyledonary somatic embryo (SPC) culture of Rosa hybrida 'John F. Kennedy', were harvested for transcriptome analysis, with the SPC explants at the initial culture (Day 0) as the control. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the materials from two different types for regeneration approach (SBF type: the regeneration approach type of single bud formed from SPC explants; MBF type: the regeneration approach type of multiple buds formed from SPC explants) were be screened by means of the transcriptome sequencing technology. In this study, a total of about 396.24 million clean reads were obtained, of which 78.95-82.92% were localized to the reference genome, compared with the initial material (CK sample), there were 5594 specific genes in the material of SBF type and 6142 specific genes in the MBF type. The DEGs from the SBF type material were mainly concentrated in the biological processes of GO terms such as phytohormones, substance transport, cell differentiation, and redox reaction. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed these DEGs were more active in ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, steroid biosynthesis, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo and isoglobo series. In contrast, the DEGs induced by the MBF type material were mainly associated with the biological processes such as phytohormones, phosphorylation, photosynthesis and signal transduction. According to KEGG analysis, these DEGs of MBF type were significantly enriched in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and peroxisome. Furthermore, the results from the phytohormone pathways analysis showed that the auxin-responsive factor SAUR and the cell wall modifying enzyme gene XTH were upregulated for expression but the protein phosphatase gene PP2C was downregulated for expression in SBF type; the higher expression of the ethylene receptor ETR, the ethylene transduction genes EBF1/2, the transcription factor EIN3, and the ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF1/2 were induced by MBF type. CONCLUSIONS: According to the GO and KEGG analysis, it indicated the DEGs between two different regenerated materials from somatic embryos were significantly different which might be causing morphological differences. That was somatic embryos from Rosa hybrida 'John F. Kennedy' could regenerate plantlet via both classic somatic embryogenesis (seed-like germination) and organogenesis, cotyledonary somatic embryos should be considered as one kind of intermediate materials similiar to callus, rather than the indicator materials for somatic embryogenesis.

Ultrasonic Features of Uncommon Congenital Heterotopic Colon and Pancreas in the Neck: An Extremely Rare Case Report.

Congenital heterotopic colon and pancreas localized to the neck has not been reported. Herein, we describe an extremely uncommon case of congenital heterotopic colon and pancreas aberrantly presented within a cyst on the neck, and the thickened wall of the cyst on ultrasound may represent an important ultrasonic feature.

[Systematic review and Meta analysis on the effectiveness and safety of tuina in treatment of functional constipation].

OBJECTIVE: To review systematically the effectiveness and safety of tuina (Chinese massage)in treatment of functional constipation. METHODS: The articles on functional constipation treated with tuina were collected by computer retrieval from 7 databases from the date of establishment to March 28, 2020, including Chinese biomedical literature database (SinoMed), China journal full-text database (CNKI), full-text database of Wanfang academic journals (Wanfang), VIP Chinese science and technology journal database(VIP), PubMed, Dutch medical literature database (EMbase) and the Cochrane Library. After data extraction and quality evaluation of the included articles, Meta analysis was conducted with RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 16 articles were included, with 1424 cases involved. Meta analysis results showed: ①The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (RR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.16-1.42, P<0.000 01). ②The effective rate for the symptoms of functional constipation in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (RR=1.38, 95%CI :1.25-1.52, Z=6.31, P<0.000 01). ③Adverse reactions in the treatment group in the treatment of functional constipation were less than those in the control group (RR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.49, Z=2.81, P=0.005).④The effective rate of functional constipation treated on the base of syndrome differentiation in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (RR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.08-2.10, Z=2.39, P=0.02).⑤The improvements in fecal characteristics, defecation time and defecation frequency of the patients with functional constipation in the treatment group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tuina therapy presents a certain advantages on its curative effect on functional constipation, has less adverse reactions and relieves the relevant symptoms of functional constipation. But more randomized controlled trials with high quality and large sample are required to provide further verification of its effect.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among very elderly Chinese: results of a community-based study.

The epidemiologic distribution of hypertension among very elderly Chinese is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension among very elderly in Chengdu. From May 2013 to May 2015, a total of 1056 participants from 20 residential communities were sampled. Standard face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and biochemical analysis were undertaken. Participants had a mean age of 83.6 ± 3.4 years (range: 80-100), and 49.8% were men. Mean systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP were 146.4 ± 20.6 and 74.1 ± 11.9 mm Hg, respectively, and both of the highest BP levels were among participants aged 80-84 years. Mean pulse pressure was 72.5 ± 17.1 mm Hg, and the highest pulse pressure level was among participants aged 90 years and older. The overall estimated hypertension prevalence was 75.3% (95% confidence interval: 72.6%-77.9%), and among overall participants, 51.9% were aware of their hypertensive condition and 45.5% were treated. However, only 18.1% of hypertensive participants were controlled (BP < 140/90 mm Hg). Among very elderly Chinese in Chengdu, the prevalence of hypertension is predominantly high, whereas awareness, treatment, and control rates are considerably low. Effective primary and secondary prevention strategies are needed.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma in abdominal cavity: a case report and review of literature.

In this study, we present a rare and difficult case of epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) in abdominal cavity. A 47-year-old female presented as left upper abdominal pain for 6 months and abdominal distention for 1 month. CT examination showed a solid mass in the left upper intra-abdomen. Grossly, the tumor was found in the mesenterium of colon with the size of 7.5 × 6.5 × 3.5 cm, and was solid and gray-yellowish in the cut surface. Focal myxomatous appearance was observed. Microscopically, stromal myxoid change together with prominant infiltrated lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were found in the tumor, and the tumor cells were round, epithelioid with vesicular nuclei, large prominant nucleoli and high mitotic rate. Immunohistochemically, strong diffused positive for vimentin, desmin, ALK (nuclear membrane staining pattern) and AAT, focally positive for CD99 and CD30, were showed, Ki67 index was about 20%; Especially, WT-1 and D240 were focally expressed in this tumor. FISH analysis showed rearrangement of ALK, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the fusion location of the RANBP2 and ALK gene. The diagnosis of EMIS was made based on its location, typical morphology, the immunohistochemical features especially the nuclear membranous immunostaining of ALK and rearrangement of RANBP2-ALK. The tumor showed higher aggressive behaviors and a poor prognosis. The differential diagnosis and other treatments of EMIS are also discussed in the present study. This finding may increase the case information of EMIS.

[Characteristics of subgroups classified by pulmonary function test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics and the therapeutic responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subgroups, classified by diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(L)CO) and inspiratary capacity (IC). METHODS: A total of 105 mild-severe patients (70 males, 35 females, 44 to 85 years of age), with stable COPD were recruited in Cangzhou Central Hospital from June 2012 to June 2014. According to baseline D(L)CO and IC, the patients were divided into normal D(L)CO/IC group (group A, n=10), low D(L)CO/normal IC group (group B, n=18), normal D(L)CO/low IC group (group C, n=22) and low D(L)CO/IC group (group D, n=55). We compared the clinical characteristics, induced sputum cells and the therapeutic responses to 3-month treatment of budesonide/formoterol(320 µg/9 µg, inhale, bid)among the 4 groups. RESULTS: Group D showed the highest CAT scores(27.6 ± 6.4). Group C showed a higher prevalence of patients with wheezing(81.8)% and the highest percentage of sputum eosinophils (7.6 ± 3.2)%. Group C showed the greatest FEV(1) increase(0.214 ± 0.053)L. Group D showed a greater FEV(1) increase than Group B [(0.137 ± 0.063) vs (0.092 ± 0.048)L]. Group C showed a greater FVC[(0.342 ± 0.073), (0.190 ± 0.081), (0.223 ± 0.094)L] increase and CAT[(4.4 ± 2.0), (2.3 ± 1.3), (3.9 ± 1.9)] decrease than Group B and Group D(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that COPD subgroups classified by D(L)CO and IC show several clinical characteristics and may be helpful to predict responses to treatment.

[PAR-1 regulation of intracellular Ca²(+) mobilization in pulmonary giant cell carcinoma cell line PLA801D/PLA801C].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate molecular mechanisms of PAR-1 regulation on intracellular Ca²(+) mobilization in lung giant cell carcinoma cells in vitro and its involvement in tumor metastasis. METHODS: Free intracellular Ca²(+) ([Ca²(+)]i) was measured in lung giant cell carcinoma PLA801C and PLA801D cells by confocal microscopy. Sense and anti-sense PAR-1 expression vectors were transfected into PLA801C (C+)and PLA801D(D-) cells, respectively. The effects of PAR-1 expression were investigated by thrombin and TRAP-induced mobilization of [Ca²(+)]i in the C+ and D-cells. RESULTS: There were significant differences of the mean values of [Ca²(+)]i between PLA801D (59.55) and PLA801C cells (35.46, P < 0.01). The mean [Ca²(+)]i of C+ cells (45.77) was significantly higher than that of its control CV cells (35.46, P < 0.05), and the mean [Ca²(+)]i of D-cells (48.42) was significantly lower than that of its control DV cells (59.55, P < 0.05). The peaks of [Ca²(+)]i of C+ and CV cells were 48.19 ± 9.84 and 45.64 ± 9.87 (P < 0.05) respectively at 80 s and 100 s after thrombin treatment, but were 111.31 ± 25.00 and 52.93 ± 11.21 (P < 0.05) respectively at 60 s after TRAP treatment. The peaks of [Ca²(+)]i of D- and DV cells were 40.71 ± 5.89 and 61.07 ± 21.36 (P < 0.05) respectively at 60 s after thrombin treatment, but were 84.98 ± 11.23 and 102.58 ± 21.48 (P < 0.05) respectively at 40 s after TRAP treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The high metastatic potential of PLA801D and PLA801C may be related to [Ca²(+)]i of the tumor cells. PAR-1 may play an important role in the metastasis of lung giant cell carcinoma cells by up-regulating the intracellular Ca²(+).

[Expression of PAR-1 in human lung carcinoma and its relationship with tumor metastatic potential].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between expression of PAR-1 and metastasis of human lung carcinoma. METHODS: Expression levels of PAR-1 were examined in surgically resected lung carcinoma specimens and corresponding lymph nodes by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, combined with morphometric methodology and clinicopathologic profiles. RESULTS: Strong PAR-1 staining was detected in the periphery of carcinoma nests, adenocarcinomatous emboli, foci of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia adjacent to the adenocarcinoma and atypical proliferation of duct epithelium of bronchial mucous glands. The expression rates of PAR-1 were 73.8% (59/80) and 63.9% (23/36) by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively. The percentage of PAR-1 protein expression cells was significantly higher in tumors with metastasis (85.7%, 48/56) than those without (45.8%, 11/24). Morphometric study demonstrated that there were significant differences of PAR-1 protein expression levels between tumors with metastatic and those without, primary and metastatic carcinomas, primary carcinomas and benign lung tissues adjacent to the carcinoma. No significant correlation was found between PAR-1 expression level and tumor size, histological types and tumor grades. The positive rate of PAR-1 mRNA expression in the metastatic group was significantly higher than that of the non-metastatic group (78.3%, 18/23 v.s. 38.5%, 5/13). CONCLUSION: PAR-1 expression may play an important role in determining the malignant phenotypes of lung cancers and significantly contribute to their initiation, progression and metastasis.

[Transplantation of fetal cardiomyocyte regenerates infarcted myocardium in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and efficiency of fetal cardiomyocyte transplantation into the rat model of myocardial infarction. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from aborted human embryos aged 12 - 16 weeks and cultured for 5 days to confirm their viability. Rat model of extensive myocardial infarction (MI) was established in 18 male Wistar rats by ligating the descending anterior branch of left coronary artery and the 18 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: transplantation group (n = 7, 2 x 10(6) fetal cardiomyocytes were transplanted into the myocardial scar) and culture medium injection group (n = 6, culture medium was injected into the myocardial scar) 5 days after extensive MI was caused. Another 6 rats undergoing sham operation were used as controls. Echocardiography was performed before and 60 +/- 3 days after the implantation to assess the left ventricular (LV) remodeling and cardiac function. Then the rats were killed and their heart were harvested to undergo HE staining, immunohistochemical examination with antibody against human alpha-actin smooth muscle (SMA) isoform, and light microscopy. RESULTS: Light microscopy revealed the presence of engrafted human fetal cardiomyocytes in the infarcted myocardium and the presence of nascent intercalated disks connecting the engrafted fetal cardiomyocytes and the host myocardium. The engrafted fetal cardiomyocytes were SMA positive. Serial echocardiography revealed that cell transplantation prevented scar thinning, LV further dilatation and dysfunction while the control animals developed scar thinning, significant LV dilatation accompanied by progressive deterioration in LV contractility. CONCLUSION: Fetal cardiomyocytes can be implanted and survive in the infarcted myocardial cells, thus preventing the scar thinning, and LV further dilatation and dysfunction.