Cuantificación de compuestos con potencial bioactivo en Citrullus lanatus, Luffa cylindrica y Sicana odorifera

La sandía vanessa, la luffa y la cassabanana son cucurbitáceas que poseen compuestos con potencial bioactivo, esto es, presencia de compuestos que ejercen efectos benéficos para la salud. En Colombia, estas frutas son desaprovechadas, debido a su escasa popularidad; dar a conocer la información de sus compuestos nutricionales incentiva su aprovechamiento y consumo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar la caracterización fisicoquímica y evaluar el efecto de la liofilización y la extracción asistida por ultrasonido sobre el contenido de vitamina C, polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante de las partes de cada fruto. Los desechos generados entre cortezas y semillas son de 28,3 % (sandía), 68,76 % (luffa) y 25,39 % (cassabanana); estos, a su vez, presentaron contenidos de polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante mayores que en la pulpa. El tratamiento de liofilización mejoró la extracción % en capacidad antioxidante, vitamina C y polifenoles totales, comparado con las muestras frescas. Por otro lado, tanto la corteza como la pulpa de luffa son una buena fuente de compuestos con capacidad antioxidante, mientras que la sandía y la cassabanana alcanzaron una buena aceptación sensorial, lo cual, se atribuye al contenido de sólidos solubles y el alto contenido de agua, que las hace frutas dulces y refrescantes.

Vanessa watermelon, luffa and cassabanana are cucurbits that have compounds with bioactive potential, that is, compounds that have beneficial effects on health. In Colombia, these fruits are underutilized due to their low popularity; making known the information on their nutritional compounds encourages their use and consumption. The objective of this study was to perform the physicochemical characterization and evaluate the effect of freeze-drying and ultrasound-assisted extraction on the vitamin C content, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of the parts of each fruit. The wastes generated between rinds and seeds are 28.3 % (watermelon), 68.76 % (luffa) and 25.39 % (cassabanana), these in turn presented higher total polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacity than in the pulp. The freeze-drying treatment improved the extraction % in antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and total polyphenols compared to fresh samples. On the other hand, both rind and pulp of luffa are a good source of compounds with antioxidant capacity, while watermelon and cassabanana reached a good sensory acceptance, which is attributed to the soluble solids content and the high-water content, which makes them sweet and refreshing fruits.

Cambios en prevalencias de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de sexualidad en adolescentes escolarizados, Bogotá, 2011-2015 / Changes in prevalence of knowledge, attitudes and practices of sexuality in teenage students, Bogotá, 2011-2015 / Mudanças na prevalência de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de sexualidade em adolescentes escolares, Bogotá, 2011-2015

RESUMEN Objetivo Presentar los cambios en las prevalencias de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en adolescentes escolarizados en torno a sexualidad luego de un proceso de intervención. Metodología Estudio descriptivo observacional. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 319 adolescentes, pertenecientes a tres colegios públicos, durante cinco años consecutivos a medida que avanzaban en los grados escolares (séptimo a undécimo). Se realizaron talleres de promoción de la salud. Se midieron los cambios de prevalencias de identificación del ciclo menstrual, de la anticoncepción de emergencia y de la protección del condón, así como de la aceptación de los padres a la planificación, de haber tenido relaciones sexuales, razones para hacerlo y si usó protección en la primera y última relación. Se compararon los resultados por género. Resultados La identificación de la anticoncepción de emergencia se incrementó del 52% en séptimo al 70% en undécimo; igualmente la certeza de protección del condón (del 45% al 62%, respectivamente). El promedio de la prevalencia de relaciones sexuales fue del 24%, el de protección en la primera relación fue del 52% y, en la última, el 81%; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas de estas variables al compararlas por género. La percepción de la aceptación de la planificación por parte de los padres se incrementó del 45% al 79%. Conclusión El programa puso en evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el proceso educativo a través de las prevalencias encontradas.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To present the changes in the prevalence of knowledge, attitudes and practices in high school adolescents in sexuality after an intervention process. Methodology Observational descriptive study. It was administered a questionnaire to 319 adolescents, attending three public schools, for five consecutive years as they progressed in school years (seventh to eleventh). Health promotion workshops were held. Changes in the prevalence were measured (identification of the menstrual cycle, emergency contraception and, condom protection, as well as parents' acceptance of contraception methods, having sex, reasons for do it and, whether they used protection in the first and last relationship). The results were compared by gender. Results The identification of emergency contraception was increased from 52% in seventh to 70% in eleven; also, the certainty of the condom protection (from 45% to 62%, respectively). The average of the prevalence of sexual intercourse was 24%, protection in the first relationship 52% and, in the last one was 81%; no statistical differences of these variables were found when comparing them by gender. Parents' perception of acceptance of planning increased from 45% to 79%. Conclusion The program results highlighted the need to strengthen the educational processes.(AU)

RESUMO: Objetivo Apresentar as mudanças na prevalência de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas em adolescentes escolarizados em torno da sexualidade após um processo de intervenção. Metodologia Estudo observacional descritivo. Um questionário foi aplicado a 319 adolescentes, pertencentes a três escolas públicas, por cinco anos consecutivos, à medida que avançavam nas séries escolares (sétima a décima primeira). Foram realizadas oficinas de promoção da saúde. As mudanças na prevalência da identificação do ciclo menstrual, contracepção de emergência e proteção do preservativo foram medidas, bem como a aceitação do planejamento pelos pais, tendo tido relações sexuais, razões para fazê-lo e se ele usou proteção em o primeiro e o último relacionamento. Os resultados por sexo foram comparados. Resultados A identificação da contracepção de emergência aumentou de 52% no sétimo para 70% no décimo primeiro; também a certeza da proteção do preservativo (de 45% a 62%, respectivamente). A prevalência média de relações sexuais foi de 24%, a de proteção na primeira relação foi de 52% e, na última, de 81%; Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas para essas variáveis quando comparadas por gênero. A percepção dos pais quanto à aceitação do planejamento aumentou de 45% para 79%. Conclusão O programa destacou a necessidade de fortalecer o processo educacional por meio das prevalências encontradas.(AU)

[Changes in prevalence of knowledge, attitudes and practices of sexuality in teenage students, Bogotá, 2011-2015]. / Cambios en prevalencias de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de sexualidad en adolescentes escolarizados, Bogotá, 2011-2015.

OBJECTIVE: To present the changes in the prevalence of knowledge, attitudes and practices in high school adolescents in sexuality after an intervention process. METHODOLOGY: Observational descriptive study. It was administered a questionnaire to 319 adolescents, attending three public schools, for five consecutive years as they progressed in school years (seventh to eleventh). Health promotion workshops were held. Changes in the prevalence were measured (identification of the menstrual cycle, emergency contraception and, condom protection, as well as parents' acceptance of contraception methods, having sex, reasons for do it and, whether they used protection in the first and last relationship). The results were compared by gender. RESULTS: The identification of emergency contraception was increased from 52% in seventh to 70% in eleven; also, the certainty of the condom protection (from 45% to 62%, respectively). The average of the prevalence of sexual intercourse was 24%, protection in the first relationship 52% and, in the last one was 81%; no statistical differences of these variables were found when comparing them by gender. Parents' perception of acceptance of planning increased from 45% to 79%. CONCLUSION: The program results highlighted the need to strengthen the educational processes.

OBJETIVO: Presentar los cambios en las prevalencias de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en adolescentes escolarizados en torno a sexualidad luego de un proceso de intervención. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo observacional. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 319 adolescentes, pertenecientes a tres colegios públicos, durante cinco años consecutivos a medida que avanzaban en los grados escolares (séptimo a undécimo). Se realizaron talleres de promoción de la salud. Se midieron los cambios de prevalencias de identificación del ciclo menstrual, de la anticoncepción de emergencia y de la protección del condón, así como de la aceptación de los padres a la planificación, de haber tenido relaciones sexuales, razones para hacerlo y si usó protección en la primera y última relación. Se compararon los resultados por género. RESULTADOS: La identificación de la anticoncepción de emergencia se incrementó del 52% en séptimo al 70% en undécimo; igualmente la certeza de protección del condón (del 45% al 62%, respectivamente). El promedio de la prevalencia de relaciones sexuales fue del 24%, el de protección en la primera relación fue del 52% y, en la última, el 81%; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas de estas variables al compararlas por género. La percepción de la aceptación de la planificación por parte de los padres se incrementó del 45% al 79%. CONCLUSIÓN: El programa puso en evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el proceso educativo a través de las prevalencias encontradas.

Quantification of bone gain in central giant cell granuloma of the jaws submitted to intralesional corticotherapy / Quantificação de ganho ósseo em lesões centrais de células gigantes dos maxilares submetidas à corticoterapia intralesional

ABSTRACT Introduction: The central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a bone alteration of unknown etiology that can affect the jaws and presents varied clinical behavior. Objective: To analyze radiographs from patients with CGCG submitted to intralesional corticosteroids, in order to quantify bone gain after treatment. Methods: Sixteen patients with the microscopic diagnosis of CGCG were selected from the Batista Memorial Hospital, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Thirty-two radiographs (16 initial and 16 final) were evaluated by the mean pixel values of the affected region before and after the complete corticosteroid intralesional application protocol (six applications in biweekly intervals of triamcinolone hexacetonide). Results: Of the patients submitted to the study, 14 (87.5%) presented a mean increase in the values of pixels, understood as bone gain, in the radiographs after treatment with intralesional injections, and two (12.5%) did not present it. The comparison of the mean pixel values between the initial and final test sides showed p = 0.0027, which was statistically significant, confirming the increase in density in the studied regions. Conclusion: The tools for analysis of pixel values were useful in the quantification of bone gain in patients submitted to intralesional corticosteroid therapy, and these tools should be further explored and used during treatment as auxiliary methods in the evaluation of its efficacy.

RESUMO Introdução: A lesão central de células gigantes (LCCG) é uma alteração óssea de etiologia desconhecida e comportamento clínico variado, que pode acometer os maxilares. Objetivo: Analisar radiografias provenientes de pacientes portadores de LCCG submetidos à corticoterapia intralesional, visando propor a quantificação de ganho ósseo pós-tratamento. Métodos: Foram selecionados 16 pacientes com diagnóstico microscópico de LCCG cadastrados nos arquivos do Hospital Batista Memorial de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Trinta e duas radiografias (16 iniciais e 16 finais) foram avaliadas por meio da média dos valores de pixels da região afetada pela afecção antes e após o protocolo completo de aplicação intralesional de corticoide (seis aplicações em intervalos quinzenais de triancinolona hexacetonida). Resultados: Dos pacientes submetidos à pesquisa, 14 (87,5%) apresentaram aumento da média dos valores de pixels - dado entendido como ganho ósseo - nas radiografias após tratamento com injeções intralesionais; apenas dois (12,5%) não apresentaram esse quadro. A comparação das médias dos valores de pixels entre os lados teste inicial e final mostrou p = 0,0027, o que foi estatisticamente significante, comprovando o aumento de densidade nas regiões estudadas. Conclusão: As ferramentas de análise de valores de pixels mostraram-se úteis na quantificação de ganho ósseo em pacientes submetidos à corticoterapia intralesional, devendo tais ferramentas ser mais exploradas e utilizadas no decorrer do tratamento como auxiliares na avaliação de sua eficácia.

Reporte de un caso: perforación intestinal por cuerpo extraño / Case report: intestinal perforation by foreign body

La ingestión accidental de cuerpos extraños en la infancia es un evento frecuente que pocas veces requiere manejo intervencionista y presenta muy pocas complicaciones que impliquen tratamiento quirúrgico. Se presenta un caso clínico de un lactante de 10 meses de edad, sin signos abdominales, en quien se encontró, como hallazgo incidental, un cuerpo extraño radiopaco de 7 cm de longitud en el abdomen compatible con un tornillo. No fue posible realizar la extracción endoscópica y requirió manejo quirúrgico. Se encontró una perforación de la segunda y tercera porción duodenal.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies in childhood is a common event that rarely requires interventional management and presents very few complications involving surgical treatment. We present a clinical case of a 10 month old infant, without abdominal manifestations, in whom it was incidentally found a foreign radiopaque body of 7 cm in length in the abdomen, compatible with a screw. It was not possible to extract it by endoscopy. Therefore, it was necessary to perform surgery and a perforation of the second and third portion of the duodenum was encountered.

[Case report: intestinal perforation by foreign body]. / Reporte de un caso: perforación intestinal por cuerpo extraño.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies in childhood is a common event that rarely requires interventional management and presents very few complications involving surgical treatment. We present a clinical case of a 10 month old infant, without abdominal manifestations, in whom it was incidentally found a foreign radiopaque body of 7 cm in length in the abdomen, compatible with a screw. It was not possible to extract it by endoscopy. Therefore, it was necessary to perform surgery and a perforation of the second and third portion of the duodenum was encountered.

La ingestión accidental de cuerpos extraños en la infancia es un evento frecuente que pocas veces requiere manejo intervencionista y presenta muy pocas complicaciones que impliquen tratamiento quirúrgico. Se presenta un caso clínico de un lactante de 10 meses de edad, sin signos abdominales, en quien se encontró, como hallazgo incidental, un cuerpo extraño radiopaco de 7 cm de longitud en el abdomen compatible con un tornillo. No fue posible realizar la extracción endoscópica y requirió manejo quirúrgico. Se encontró una perforación de la segunda y tercera porción duodenal.

The use of patient registries in breast surgery: a comparison of the tracking operations and outcomes for plastic surgeons and national surgical quality improvement program data sets.

BACKGROUND: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons (TOPS) registries gather outcomes for plastic surgery procedures. The NSQIP collects hospital data using trained nurses, and the TOPS relies on self-reported data. We endeavored to compare the TOPS and NSQIP data sets with respect to cohort characteristics and outcomes to better understand the strengths and weakness of each registry as afforded by their distinct data collection methods. STUDY DESIGN: The 2008 to 2011 TOPS and NSQIP databases were queried for breast reductions and breast reconstructions. Propensity score matching identified similar cohorts from the TOPS and NSQIP databases. Shared 30-day surgical and medical complications rates were compared across matched cohorts. RESULTS: The TOPS captured a significantly greater number of wound dehiscence occurrences (4.77%-5.47% vs 0.69%-1.17%, all P<0.001), as well as more reconstructive failures after prosthetic reconstruction (2.82% vs 0.26%, P<0.001). Medical complications were greater in NSQIP (P<0.05). Other complication rates did not differ across any procedure (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The TOPS and NSQIP capture significantly different patient populations, with TOPS' self-reported data allowing for the inclusion of private practices. This self-reporting limits TOPS' ability to identify medical complications; surgical complications and readmissions, however, were not underreported. Many surgical complications are captured by TOPS at a higher rate due to its broader definitions, and others are not captured by NSQIP at all. The TOPS and NSQIP provide complementary information with different strengths and weakness that together can guide evidence-based decision making in plastic surgery.

Evaluation of induction by use of a combination of oxymorphone and diazepam or hydromorphone and diazepam and maintenance of anesthesia by use of isoflurane in dogs with experimentally induced hypovolemia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare induction with hydromorphone and diazepam (HydroD) or oxymorphone and diazepam (OxyD) followed by maintenance with isoflurane in dogs with induced hypovolemia. ANIMALS: 6 healthy mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: The study used a crossover design. Measurements were obtained in normovolemic dogs during isoflurane. Hypovolemia was induced (blood loss of 30 mL/kg) and measurements repeated following recovery from anesthesia, after HydroD (hydromorphone, 0.1 mg/kg; diazepam, 0.2 mg/kg; i.v.) or OxyD (oxymorphone, 0.05 mg/kg; diazepam, 0.2 mg/kg; i.v.), after another dose of the same opioid, during administration of isoflurane (end-tidal concentration, 0.9%), and after glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg, i.v.). Significant changes were identified. RESULTS: Induction effect was evident within 1 minute. All dogs were intubated after the second dose of opioid. No significant differences were found between inductions. The HydroD decreased heart rate (mean +/- SEM, -41 +/- 9.8 beats/min), whereas both inductions increased stroke index (0.4 +/- 0.09 mL/kg/beat) and caused moderate respiratory depression. Cardiac index was decreased (-30.2 +/- 6.04 mL/kg/min) and there was minor metabolic acidosis during isoflurane following HydroD, compared with values for anesthetized normovolemic dogs. Glycopyrrolate increased heart rate (50 +/- 8.6 beats/min) and decreased systolic blood pressure (-23.2 +/- 4.87 mm Hg) in dogs induced with HydroD and decreased stroke index (-0.3 +/- 0.08 mL/kg/beat) for both inductions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Similar effects were detected after administration of HydroD or OxyD in hypovolemic dogs. Either combination should be safe for use in hypovolemic dogs. Administration of glycopyrrolate was not beneficial.