ABSTRACT
Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition associated with various microvascular complications, including neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Recent studies have suggested a potential association between serum omentin levels and the risk of developing microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. However, the existing evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between serum omentin levels and microvascular complications in T2DM patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to retrieve relevant articles published up to May 2023. Observational studies investigating omentin levels association with microvascular complications in T2DM patients were included. Data was extracted and hence analyzed. Results: A total of seven cross-sectional articles met the inclusion criteria, with a total population of 1587 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between serum omentin levels and microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. Serum omentin levels were lower in patients with microvascular complications than in those without complications (Mean difference, 95% confidence interval: -1.31 [-2.50, -0.13], I2 = 99.62%). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence supporting an association between serum omentin levels and microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. The findings suggest that Omentin may be lower in T2DM patients with microvascular complications. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the clinical implications of these findings. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01359-2.
ABSTRACT
In today's world, high variability of body mass index (BMI) is known as a significant global health problem that can lead to many negative impacts on the cardiovascular system, including atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease. The current systematic review aims to elucidate the effect of variability in BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL, were searched. All related articles up to 10 June 2022, were obtained. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed. After screening abstracts and full texts, four articles were included in our study. In these four cohort studies, 7,038,873 participants from the USA and South Korea were involved. These articles generally considered the BMI and outcomes including cardiovascular disease, AF, and coronary heart disease. All these articles reported an association between the variability of BMI and increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Due to the negative impact of the high variability of BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, health policymakers and practitioners should pay more attention to the significant role of BMI in health problems and physicians might better check the variability of BMI visits to visit.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS results from an inflammatory process leading to the loss of neural tissue and increased disability over time. The role of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), as one of the most common global viruses, in MS development has been the subject of several studies. However, many related questions are still unanswered. This study aimed to review the connection between MS and EBV and provide a quick outline of MS prevention using EBV vaccination. Methods: For this narrative review, an extensive literature search using specific terms was conducted across online databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify pertinent studies. Results: Several studies proved that almost 100% of people with MS showed a history of EBV infection, and there was an association between high titers of EBV antibodies and an increased risk of MS development. Various hypotheses are proposed for how EBV may contribute to MS directly and indirectly: (1) Molecular Mimicry, (2) Mistaken Self, (3) Bystander Damage, and (4) Autoreactive B cells infected with EBV. Conclusion: Given the infectious nature of EBV and its ability to elude the immune system, EBV emerges as a strong candidate for being the underlying cause of MS. The development of an EBV vaccine holds promise for preventing MS; however, overcoming the challenge of creating a safe and efficacious vaccine presents a significant obstacle.
ABSTRACT
Key Clinical Message: Lipid hemihypertrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal asymmetry. Early recognition and further evaluation for associated disorders are important for appropriate management and surveillance of potential complications. Abstract: We present the case of a 5-day-old female neonate who presented with a visibly enlarged right thigh, right labia majora, and below the right mandible. This case report highlights the importance of early identification, comprehensive evaluation, and multidisciplinary management in neonates with lipid hemihypertrophy to optimize their long-term outcomes and quality of life.