[Actual aspects of state control of dietary, clinical and prophylactic nutrition in health care organizations].

A review is aimed to help professionals, who provide state sanitary control of dietary (clinical and prophylactic) nutrition in health care organizations. Taking into account the new modern legislative framework and the scientific and practical publications, the basic requirements for standardization, harmonization and individualization (personalization) of nutritional therapy and monitoring of their implementation in health care organizations by state sanitary authorities has been set out. The attention is focused on the optimization of clinical nutrition, as well as the methods of assessment of balance and nutritive value of the standard diets, their proper correction with dry protein composite blends and other specialized products of dietary clinical and prophylactic nutrition, including foods fortified with dietary and biologically active substances and food supplements (nutraceuticals). The paper describes ways to improve the organization of state sanitary and dietary nutritional care in health care organizations, outlines priority issues to be addressed to improve the nutritional care.

[Sensory analysis. Study of influence of assessors training duration on the panel efficiency].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the assessors group at different stages of training and estimate the influence of the duration of their training on the quality of the data obtained. The optimal training duration to work with descriptive methods, which is necessary and sufficient for reproducible evaluation of sensory properties has been determined. The training was conducted at three stages during 108 hours. It has been demonstrated that statistically significant differences among products can be already determined by assessors after 8 hours of training. By increasing the training duration the effectiveness of assessors was improved. Completion of training course led to a significant reduction in the mean square error for some sensory characteristics of the products and the variability of the scores.

[Sanitary-and-epidemiologic examination of the food-products].

Some aspects of sanitary and epidemiologic examination of food products are considered. The examination is an important part of sanitary and epidemiologic control and surveillance in the sphere of food safety and quality, consumer rights protection, consumer market and human welfare.

[Sanitary and epidemiological examination of foods under carrying sanitary and epidemiological surveillance on the customer border and at in the territory of the Customers Union].

The article concerns peculiarities of sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic examination of foods under carrying of sanitary-epidemiologic surveillance on the customer border and of the custom territory of the Customers Union of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Byelorussia.

[Beer: benefit or harm. Looking hygienist].

The presentation contemporary look of hygienist on consumption beer-low alcohol drink.

[Preconditions and factors in implementation of regional policy in the field of healthy nutrition in Russia].

The article sheds light on problems of farming and full realization of regional programs of healthy nutrition of the population.

[Implementation of State Policy in healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation on the regional level: building-up regional policy and programs. Methodical aspects of development and implementation. Part 2. Recommendations were made development and realization of regional policy and programs in the healthy nutrition of the population].

Recommendations were made development and realization of regional policy and programs in the healthy nutrition of the population.

[Implementation of state policy in healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation on the regional level: building up regional policy and regional programms. Methodical aspects of development and implementation. Part 1].

Recommendations on development and implementation of regional policy and programs in the of healthy nutrition of the population are presented.

[Biologically active food supplements. Report 1]. / Biologicheski aktivnye dobavki k pishche. Soobshchenie 1.

In article we would like to remind once of what each of the food supplement consumer should know. Food supplement is not a medicine, you can treat no illness with it. But at the same time we should understand, that it is impossible to live without them, as well as it impossible to live without food or the air. It is important to deepen one's knowledge of food supplements: what they consist of, which of them are health-giving and which are not.

Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe.

In order to attain a finer reconstruction of the peopling of southern and central-eastern Europe from the Levant, we determined the frequencies of eight lineages internal to the Y chromosomal haplogroup J, defined by biallelic markers, in 22 population samples obtained with a fine-grained sampling scheme. Our results partially resolve a major multifurcation of lineages within the haplogroup. Analyses of molecular variance show that the area covered by haplogroup J dispersal is characterized by a significant degree of molecular radiation for unique event polymorphisms within the haplogroup, with a higher incidence of the most derived sub-haplogroups on the northern Mediterranean coast, from Turkey westward; here, J diversity is not simply a subset of that present in the area in which this haplogroup first originated. Dating estimates, based on simple tandem repeat loci (STR) diversity within each lineage, confirmed the presence of a major population structuring at the time of spread of haplogroup J in Europe and a punctuation in the peopling of this continent in the post-Neolithic, compatible with the expansion of the Greek world. We also present here, for the first time, a novel method for comparative dating of lineages, free of assumptions of STR mutation rates.

[Biologically active food supplements: legislative and regulator basis. Report 2]. / Biologicheski aktivnye dobavki k pishche: zakonodatel'naia i normativnaia baza. Soobshchenie 2.

The article presents the history of food supplements' origin. The main requirements to them are given an account of the main legislative and normative documents, regulating the composition and considered as an important instrument for improving the structure and quality of nutrition of the population.

[The Russian Federation law "On technical regulation"--a new instrument for improving quality and safety of food products]. / Zakon RF "O technicheskom regulirovanii"--novyi rychag povysheniia kachestva i bezopasnosti pishchevykh produktov.

Law of the Russian Federation "On technical regulation" shall substantially increase the importance of the requirements as to the foodstuff, process of production and liability for compliance with such requirements. The main goal of the Law is to provide for the requirements which shall be deemed to be obligatory, i.e. for those which have the most significant importance for safety of people, property, environment, plant, animals and which provide for the best informational resources for the consumers. This raises the problem of the need for development, broader usage of the complex approach to the evaluation of the multiply risk as well as fixing the set of factors for the purpose of determination of the level of their safety as regards certain objects set out by law, such problem being common for all sciences (including the science for the hygienic nutrition). In order to bring Law "On Technical Regulation" into effect it is very important that the specialists of various concentration realize the importance of the issues raised by this Law and the necessity of taking actions for solving such issues.

A multistep process for the dispersal of a Y chromosomal lineage in the Mediterranean area.

In this work we focus on a microsatellite-defined Y-chromosomal lineage (network 1.2) identified by us and reported in previous studies, whose geographic distribution and antiquity appear to be compatible with the Neolithic spread of farmers. Here, we set network 1.2 in the Y-chromosomal phylogenetic tree, date it with respect to other lineages associated with the same movements by other authors, examine its diversity by means of tri- and tetranucleotide loci and discuss the implications in reconstructing the spread of this group of chromosomes in the Mediterranean area. Our results define a tripartite phylogeny within HG 9 (Rosser et al. 2000), with the deepest branching defined by alleles T (Haplogroup Eu10) or G (Haplogroup Eu9) at M172 (Semino et al. 2000), and a subsequent branching within Eu9 defined by network 1.2. Population distributions of HG 9 and network 1.2 show that their occurrence in the surveyed area is not due to the spread of people from a single parental population but, rather, to a process punctuated by at least two phases. Our data identify the wide area of the Balkans, Aegean and Anatolia as the possible homeland harbouring the largest variation within network 1.2. The use of recently proposed tests based on the stepwise mutation model suggests that its spread was associated to a population expansion, with a high rate of male gene flow in the Turkish-Greek area.

[Current questions of sanitary supervision and control of safety of using polymer materials destined for contact with food products]. / Aktual'nye voprosy sanitarnogo nadzora i kontrolia za bezopasnost'iu primeneniia polimernykh materialov, prednaznachennykh dlia kontakta s pishchevymi produktami.

New directive and normative documents on state sanitary supervision of a safety of use of plastic of "alimentary" destination are analysed in article.

Iodine deficiency in Azerbaijan after the discontinuation of an iodine prophylaxis program: reassessment of iodine intake and goiter prevalence in schoolchildren.

The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency (ID) in Azerbaijan after the discontinuation of an iodine prophylaxis program by assessing the prevalence of goiter, iodine intake, and thyroid function. The study included 942 schoolchildren (475 boys and 467 girls) ages 8-14 years, from 13 distinct regions. The survey included the following: (1) clinical evaluation; (2) assessment of thyroid volume both by ultrasound and by palpation; (3) determination of iodide in a morning urine specimen using the classic Sandel-Kolthoff reaction in 347 schoolchildren; (4) determinations of thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroglobulin (Tg), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in serum (n = 165) and TSH in whole blood spotted on filter paper (n = 942). The prevalence of goiter for the whole country was determined by ultrasound (US) to be 86% and by palpation 66%, reaching 100% in the mountainous regions of Caucasus. The median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was 54 microg/L, reaching level of 26 and 39 microg/L in the Caucasus region. In conclusion, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, Azerbaijan now has mild to moderate ID (median UIE, 54 microg/L) and in the mountainous regions with severe ID. The high prevalence of goiter and the low UIE emphasizes the need for urgent medical reintervention. An iodination program is now implemented by our team in the mountainous regions under the auspice of the government of Azerbaijan.

[The evaluation of the efficacy of a 6-month vitaminization of schoolchildren in grades 1 to 8 in the city of Baku]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti 6-mesiachnoi vitaminizatsii shkol'nikov 1--8 klassov g. Baku.

Investigations were conducted in 110 schoolchildren aged 7-10 and 11-14 years. They had received insufficiently balanced traditional nutrition deficient in animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, and, especially, in vitamins. Excretion of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavine, N1-HA was decreased as compared to the lower standard limits 3.5-1.9 times in 85-90% of schoolchildren aged 7-14 years, microsymptoms of vitamin deficiency (including polyvitamin deficiency) were noted in 33-53% of the children. Administration of varying doses of "Undevitum" (0.5, 1 and 1.5 dragees/day) has shown that for normalization of vitamin status, decreasing morbidity rate and improvement of their mental capacity, the schoolchildren of 1-4 forms should receive 1 dragee and those of 5-8 forms--1.5 dragee of "Undevitum"/day as an optimum dose.

[A comparative study of vitamin status of children 5-6 years of age in different children's institutions]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie vitaminnogo statusa detei 5-6 let v razlichnykh detskikh kollektivakh.

A total of 205 children were under observation (48 children aged 1.5-3 years in a Baby's Home--spring, 1987; 85 children aged 3-6 years in nurseries with 24-hour stay--spring, 1987; 77 children aged 3-6 years in a Children's Home--spring, 1989). As a result of nutrition reorganization in these institutions vitamin consumption increased due to a more rational selection of food products and the vitamin status of children improved. This was more expressed in vitamin excretion levels, than in the incidence rate of microsymptoms of vitamin deficiency. Additional vitaminization with multivitamin compounds is necessary to eliminate vitamin deficiency in preschool children of isolated institutions.

[The effect of improved rations and different doses of Glutamevitum on the vitamin status and work capacity of children who started school at the age of 6 years]. / Vliianie korrektsii ratsiona i razlichnykh doz "Glutamevita" na vitaminnyi status i rabotospobnost' detei, obuchaiushchikhsia s 6-letnego vozrasta.

The influence of qualitatively different nutrition and additional vitaminization with varying doses of "Glutamevitum" on excretion with urine of vitamins B1, B2 PP and C, as well as the presence of microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency and psychophysiological parameters were studied in 120 children (6 groups, 20 subjects in each) who went to school at six years of age. The children received corrected nutrition and vitamins during 6 months of the winter-spring period. It was established that the nutrition corrected by selection of food products and additional vitaminization with optimal doses of vitamins (1/2 tablet of "Glutamevitum" added by vitamins C, P and A in a dose of 10, 30, 0.25 mg, respectively) significantly lowered fatigue as a result of psychoemotional and mental stress in children of 6 years of age studying at school, vitamin excretion with urine increased, microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency were appreciably lowered, the working capacity and attention as well as nervous-reflectory activity were significantly improved in the critical period of early studying.