Calcium- and Sodium-Rich Food Intake among Koreans with and without Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing. While calcium and sodium are known nutritional factors used for managing MetS, few studies have focused on food-based analyses. This cross-sectional study examined the distribution of calcium- and sodium-rich food intake among Koreans with MetS. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis evaluated 130,423 participants from the Health Examinees-Gem cohort study. Foods contributing up to 90% of the calcium and sodium intake were selected from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and consumption levels were calculated. MetS was defined as satisfying three or more criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with an interquartile range (ORIQR) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Participants with MetS showed a low calcium intake (ORIQR = 0.95 and 0.92 for men and women, respectively), low consumption of dairy products (ORIQR = 0.92 and 0.89), beverages except for coffee or green tea (ORIQR = 0.97 and 0.96), and bread (ORIQR = 0.96 and 0.94). Men with MetS consumed high total sodium (ORIQR = 1.04), and large amounts of Kimchi (ORIQR = 1.03), fermented paste (ORIQR = 1.04), and noodles (ORIQR = 1.07). Women with MetS consumed more Kimchi than those without MetS (ORIQR = 1.04). The odds ratio for the low calcium and high sodium group compared to the high calcium and low sodium group was 1.26. CONCLUSION: The MetS group consumed less calcium-rich foods and more sodium-rich foods than those without MetS. Patients with MetS might benefit from precise recommendations of high calcium-rich and low sodium-rich foods.

Delphi consensus recommendations on treatment for advanced-stage marginal zone lymphoma in South Korea.

Due to the lack of treatment guidelines for the management of advanced-stage marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), only one chemoimmunotherapy-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab (R-CVP)-is reimbursed in the first-line setting in South Korea. The aim of this study was to develop a consensus-based recommendation for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage MZL. Twelve hematologist oncologists participated in a two-round Delphi process to identify consensus on the management of patients with advanced-stage MZL in South Korea. Physicians rated their level of agreement with each statement on a four-point Likert scale. Statements were divided into two sections: definitions used in clinical practice and clinical management of patients with advanced-stage MZL. Consensus was reached for 23 of 33 (69.7%) and 5 of 13 statements (38.5%) in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. There was strong consensus (91.7%) that advanced-stage MZL subtypes are defined according to the Lugano staging system. First-line systemic treatment should be prescribed for patients with symptomatic advanced-stage MZL. Although there was unanimous agreement that R-CVP is the standard first-line treatment for advanced-stage MZL, physicians also agreed that bendamustine with rituximab (BR) has greater efficacy than R-CVP as first-line treatment (91.7%). For the treatment of relapsed/refractory advanced-stage MZL, BR and R-CVP can be repeated in patients with short (< 24 months) and long remission periods (≥ 24 months), respectively. This study provides insights on the management of patients with advanced-stage MZL in South Korea. This may enhance clinical decision-making, thus improving patient outcomes.

Clinical outcomes of ablation of gastric dysplasia with argon plasma coagulation.

BACKGROUND: Although several small cohort studies have shown the utility of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of gastric dysplasia, its clinical significance has not been established. This study aims to assess the efficacy of APC as a first line treatment for gastric dysplasia, and identify risk factors for residual dysplasia. METHODS: A total of 179 cases of gastric dysplasia were treated with APC and have been followed-up with upper endoscopy within 1 year. The overall incidence and the characteristics of lesions with residual dysplasia in follow-up endoscopy were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 179 lesions treated with APC, 171 (95.5%) lesions have achieved complete ablation in the follow-up endoscopy. Additional APC was applied for residual dysplasia, achieving complete ablation in 97.77% (175/179). The upper third location of the gastric dysplasia was significantly associated with residual dysplasia, while tumor size, horizontal location, macroscopic morphology and grade of dysplasia showed no significant associations with residual dysplasia following the initial APC. CONCLUSIONS: APC with meticulous follow-up can be recommended as a first line treatment in patients with gastric dysplasia.

Vimentin-mediated buffering of internal integrin ß1 pool increases survival of cells from anoikis.

BACKGROUND: The intermediate filament protein vimentin is widely recognized as a molecular marker of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although vimentin expression is strongly associated with cancer metastatic potential, the exact role of vimentin in cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism of its pro-metastatic functions remain unclear. RESULTS: This study revealed that vimentin can enhance integrin ß1 surface expression and induce integrin-dependent clustering of cells, shielding them against anoikis cell death. The increased integrin ß1 surface expression in suspended cells was caused by vimentin-mediated protection of the internal integrin ß1 pool against lysosomal degradation. Additionally, cell detachment was found to induce vimentin Ser38 phosphorylation, allowing the translocation of internal integrin ß1 to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the use of an inhibitor of p21-activated kinase PAK1, one of the kinases responsible for vimentin Ser38 phosphorylation, significantly reduced cancer metastasis in animal models. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that vimentin can act as an integrin buffer, storing internalized integrin ß1 and releasing it when needed. Overall, this study provides insights regarding the strong correlation between vimentin expression and cancer metastasis and a basis for blocking metastasis using this novel therapeutic mechanism.

Alleviation of preeclampsia-like symptoms through PlGF and eNOS regulation by hypoxia- and NF-κB-responsive miR-214-3p deletion.

Preeclampsia is caused by placental hypoxia and systemic inflammation and is associated with reduced placental growth factor (PlGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels. The molecular signaling axes involved in this process may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Here, we found that hypoxic exposure increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/Twist1-mediated miR-214-3p biogenesis in trophoblasts, suppressing PlGF production and trophoblast invasion. TNF-α stimulation increased NF-κB-dependent miR-214-3p expression in endothelial cells, impairing eNOS expression and causing endothelial dysfunction. Synthetic miR-214-3p administration to pregnant mice decreased PlGF and eNOS expression, resulting in preeclampsia-like symptoms, including hypertension, proteinuria, and fetal growth restriction. Conversely, miR-214-3p deletion maintained the PlGF and eNOS levels in hypoxic pregnant mice, alleviating preeclampsia-like symptoms and signs. These findings provide new insights into the role of HIF-1/Twist1- and NF-κB-responsive miR-214-3p-dependent PlGF and eNOS downregulation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and establish miR-214-3p as a therapeutic or preventive target for preeclampsia and its complications.

Predictive Value of Modified Frailty Index, Sarcopenia, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index for Postoperative Complications in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Over 60 Years.

OBJECTIVE: Elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Evaluating frailty and preoperative status is crucial for predicting postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the modified Frailty Index (mFI), sarcopenia, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in determining postoperative complications in patients undergoing oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) over 60 years. METHODS: Preoperative risk factors were assessed using 11 variables, including mFI, PNI, and GNRI. Complication rates were compared among nonfrail (mFI=0; n=50), prefrail (mFI=0.09-0.18; n=144), and frail (mFI ≥0.27; n=80) patients. Demographic and perioperative variables were compared between the complication and noncomplication groups. The incidence of complications was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Complications occurred in 36 of 274 patients (13.1%). The frail group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia than the nonfrail and prefrail groups. The complication group displayed significant differences in several variables, including age, fusion level, albumin level, lymphocyte count, platelet count, creatinine level, and estimated blood loss. Moreover, mFI, PNI, and GNRI differed significantly between the complication and noncomplication groups. CONCLUSIONS: MFI, PNI, and GNRI can be useful for predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing OLIF. These comprehensive assessment methods enable the identification of high-risk patients and the formulation of tailored strategies to enhance postoperative outcomes. Integrating mFI, PNI, and GNRI into the preoperative evaluation process can help health care providers proactively manage high-risk patients, thus improving the overall quality of care for elderly individuals undergoing OLIF.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with acute otitis media: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially life-threatening syndrome for which early recognition and treatment are essential for improving outcomes. HLH is characterized by uncontrolled immune activation leading to fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, coagulation abnormalities, and elevated typical markers. This condition can be genetic or secondary, with the latter often triggered by infections. Here, we present a unique case of HLH secondary to acute otitis media (AOM), a common ear infection. PATIENT CONCERNS: We describe a 4-year-old boy who initially presented with a high fever and otalgia, later diagnosed with bilateral AOM. Despite antibiotic treatment, his condition deteriorated. DIAGNOSIS: The patient fulfilled diagnostic criteria for HLH. INTERVENTIONS: Aggressive treatment by using combination therapy with immunoglobulins, intravenous steroids (dexamethasone), cyclosporine, and etoposide was performed. OUTCOMES: After 1 month of treatment, improvement in the otologic symptoms was observed, and hematological findings gradually improved and normalized. LESSIONS: The link between AOM and HLH may be associated with inflammatory responses and immunological mechanisms, highlighting the importance of considering HLH in severe infection cases. This case emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and management, especially in secondary HLH scenarios, to improve patient outcomes. It is imperative to be aware of the potential correlation between these 2 conditions, and healthcare professionals should consider the likelihood of HLH.

Unlocking the Potential of Bi2S3-Derived Bi Nanoplates: Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Selectivity in Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate.

Various electrocatalysts are extensively examined for their ability to selectively produce desired products by electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, an efficient CO2RR electrocatalyst doesn't ensure an effective co-catalyst on the semiconductor surface for photoelectrochemical CO2RR. Herein, Bi2S3 nanorods are synthesized and electrochemically reduced to Bi nanoplates that adhere to the substrates for application in the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2RR. Compared with commercial-Bi, the Bi2S3-derived Bi (S-Bi) nanoplates on carbon paper exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for formate (HCOO-) in the electrochemical CO2RR, achieving a Faradaic efficiency exceeding 93%, with minimal H2 production over a wide potential range. This highly selective S-Bi catalyst is being employed on the Si photocathode to investigate the behavior of electrocatalysts during photoelectrochemical CO2RR. The strong adhesion of the S-Bi nanoplates to the Si nanowire substrate and their unique catalytic properties afford exceptional activity and selectivity for HCOO- under simulated solar irradiation. The selectivity observed in electrochemical CO2RR using the S-Bi catalyst correlates with that seen in the photoelectrochemical CO2RR system. Combined pulsed potential methods and theoretical analyses reveal stabilization of the OCHO* intermediate on the S-Bi catalyst under specific conditions, which is critical for developing efficient catalysts for CO2-to-HCOO- conversion.

Alkali-Ion-Assisted Activation of ε-VOPO4 as a Cathode Material for Mg-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable multivalent-ion batteries are attractive alternatives to Li-ion batteries to mitigate their issues with metal resources and metal anodes. However, many challenges remain before they can be practically used due to the low solid-state mobility of multivalent ions. In this study, a promising material identified by high-throughput computational screening is investigated, ε-VOPO4, as a Mg cathode. The experimental and computational evaluation of ε-VOPO4 suggests that it may provide an energy density of >200 Wh kg-1 based on the average voltage of a complete cycle, significantly more than that of well-known Chevrel compounds. Furthermore, this study finds that Mg-ion diffusion can be enhanced by co-intercalation of Li or Na, pointing at interesting correlation dynamics of slow and fast ions.

First-Principles and Experimental Investigation of ABO4 Zircons as Calcium Intercalation Cathodes.

Identifying next-generation batteries with multivalent ions, such as Ca2+ is an active area of research to meet the increasing demand for large-scale, renewable energy storage solutions. Despite the promise of higher energy densities with multivalent batteries, one of their main challenges is addressing the sluggish kinetics in cathodes that arise from stronger electrostatic interactions between the multivalent ion and host lattice. In this paper, zircons are theoretically and experimentally evaluated as Ca cathodes. A migration barrier as low as 113 meV is computationally found in YVO4, which is the lowest Ca2+ barrier reported to date. Low barriers are confirmed across 18 zircon compositions, which are related to the low coordination change and reduced interstitial site preference of Ca2+ along the diffusion pathway. Among the four materials (BiVO4, YVO4, EuCrO4, and YCrO4) that were synthesized, characterized, and electrochemically cycled, the highest initial capacity of 81 mA h/g and the most reversible capacity of 65 mA h/g were achieved in YVO4 and BiVO4, respectively. Despite the facile migration of multivalent ions in zircons, density functional theory predictions of the unstable, discharged structures at higher Ca2+ concentrations (Cax>0.25ABO4), the low dimensionality of the migration pathway, and the defect analysis of the B site atom can rationalize the limited intercalation observed upon electrochemical cycling.

The Effects of Microbial Additive Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Fecal Microflora, and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs.

This study aimed to assess the effects of microbial additives that produce antimicrobial and digestive enzymes on the growth performance, blood metabolites, fecal microflora, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 growing-finishing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; mixed sex; 14 weeks of age; 58.0 ± 1.00 kg) were then assigned to one of three groups with three repetitions (20 pigs) per treatment for 60 days of adaptation and 7 days of collection. Dietary treatments included 0, 0.5, and 1.0% microbial additives in the basal diet. For growth performance, no significant differences in the initial and final weights were observed among the dietary microbial additive treatments, except for the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency. In terms of blood metabolites and fecal microflora, immunoglobulin G (IgG), blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, and fecal lactic acid bacteria count increased linearly, and fecal E. coli counts decreased linearly with increasing levels of microbial additives but not growth hormones and Salmonella. Carcass quality grade was improved by the microbial additive. In addition, carcass characteristics were not influenced by dietary microbial additives. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1.0% microbial additive improved average daily gain, feed efficiency, IgG content, and fecal microflora in growing-finishing pigs.

Producing highly effective extracellular vesicles using IBAR and talin F3 domain fusion.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), transporting diverse cellular components, play a crucial role in intercellular communication in numerous physiological and pathological processes. EVs have also been recognized as a drug delivery platform for therapeutic purposes and cell-free regenerative medicine. While various approaches have focused on increasing EV production for efficient use therapeutic use of EVs, enhancing the quality of EVs, such as ensuring efficient uptake by their target cells, has not been widely explored. In this study, we linked a negative membrane curvature-forming inverse BAR (IBAR) domain with an integrin ß tail-binding talin F3 domain to create the IBAR-F3 fusion protein. We observed that IBAR-F3 can trigger filopodia-like membrane protrusions and attract integrins to those protrusion-rich regions, when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing integrin αIIbß3. Surprisingly, the expression of IBAR-F3 also induced a robust production of EVs, which were then efficiently taken up by nearby cells in an integrin-dependent manner. Moreover, IBAR triggered integrin activation, presumably by inducing negative membrane curvature that likely disrupts the interaction between the integrin α and ß transmembrane domain. Therefore, we suggest that IBAR-F3 should be utilized to promote both EV production and efficient uptake mediated by integrins. Furthermore, the negative curvature-inducing integrin activation suggests that integrins on EVs can be activated by the nanoscale change in the curvature of the EV without the need for conventional machinery to activate integrin inside the EVs.

Direct Observation of Circularly Polarized Nonlinear Optical Activities in Chiral Hybrid Lead Halides.

Circularly polarized light emission is a crucial application in imaging, sensing, and photonics. However, utilizing low-energy photons to excite materials, as opposed to high-energy light excitation, can facilitate deep-tissue imaging and sensing applications. The challenge lies in finding materials capable of directly generating circularly polarized nonlinear optical effects. In this study, we introduce a chiral hybrid lead halide (CHLH) material system, R/S-DPEDPb3Br8·H2O (DPED = 1,2-diphenylethylenediammonium), which can directly produce circularly polarized second harmonic generation (CP-SHG) through linearly polarized infrared light excitation, exhibiting a polarization efficiency as high as 37% at room temperature. To understand the spin relaxation mechanisms behind the high polarization efficiency, we utilized two models, so-called D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) and Bir-Aronov-Pikus (BAP) mechanisms. The unique zigzag inorganic frameworks within the hybrid structure are believed to reduce the dielectric confinement and exciton binding energy, thus enhancing spin polarization, especially in regions with a high excitation pump fluence based on the DP mechanism. In the case of low excitation pump fluence, the BAP mechanism dominates, as evidenced by the observed decrease in the polarization ratio from CP-SHG measurement. Using density functional theory analysis, we elucidate how the distinctive 8-coordination environment of lead bromide building blocks effectively suppresses spin-orbit coupling at the conduction band minimum. This suppression significantly diminishes spin-splitting, thereby slowing the spin relaxation rate.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Hepatic Macrophages through PERK-hnRNPA1 Signaling.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in liver diseases, affecting various types of hepatic cells. While studies have focused on the link between ER stress and hepatocytes as well as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the precise involvement of hepatic macrophages in ER stress-induced liver injury remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of ER stress on hepatic macrophages and their role in liver injury. Acute ER stress led to the accumulation and activation of hepatic macrophages, which preceded hepatocyte apoptosis. Notably, macrophage depletion mitigated liver injury induced by ER stress, underscoring their detrimental role. Mechanistic studies revealed that ER stress stimulates macrophages predominantly via the PERK signaling pathway, regardless of its canonical substrate ATF4. hnRNPA1 has been identified as a crucial mediator of PERK-driven macrophage activation, as the overexpression of hnRNPA1 effectively reduced ER stress and suppressed pro-inflammatory activation. We observed that hnRNPA1 interacts with mRNAs that encode UPR-related proteins, indicating its role in the regulation of ER stress response in macrophages. These findings illuminate the cell type-specific responses to ER stress and the significance of hepatic macrophages in ER stress-induced liver injury. Collectively, the PERK-hnRNPA1 axis has been discovered as a molecular mechanism for macrophage activation, presenting prospective therapeutic targets for inflammatory hepatic diseases such as acute liver injury.

Paid family leave and the fight against hunger: Evidence from New York.

We examine the effects of New York's paid family leave (PFL) policy, introduced in January 2018, on food security. While researchers evaluating PFL policies in the past have mostly focused on employment and health outcomes, we believe that an improved understanding of potential impacts on food security is pivotal as it is directly related to the health and well-being of mothers and new-borns during the postnatal months. Our analysis uses two primary data sets-Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS) and Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Estimating difference-in-differences and triple difference models, we show that New York's PFL reduced the prevalence of low food security by 36% in both datasets. The positive effects are more sizable for households with low-educated heads and families with incomes under 185% of the Federal Poverty Line. These findings highlight that paid leave benefits lead to a larger reduction in food insecurity among disadvantaged families and thus have the potential to reduce existing societal inequalities. When examining potential mechanisms through which New York's PFL law improves food security, we show that the policy increased food expenditures, increased labor force participation, particularly by mothers, and improved parental health.

Body composition measurements and clinical outcomes in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma - analysis from SWOG S1505.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenic obesity and muscle attenuation have been associated with survival in patients with borderline resectable and advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA); however, these relationships are unknown for patients with resectable PDA. This study examined the associations between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue as measured on baseline computed tomography (CT) and the overall survival (OS) of participants with resectable PDA in a secondary analysis of the Southwest Oncology Group S1505 clinical trial (identifier: NCT02562716). METHODS: The S1505 phase II clinical trial enrolled patients with resectable PDA who were randomized to receive modified FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel as perioperative chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection. Baseline axial CT images at the L3 level were analyzed with externally validated software, and measurements were recorded for skeletal muscle area and skeletal muscle density, visceral adipose tissue area (VATA) and density, and subcutaneous adipose tissue area and density. The relationships between CT metrics and OS were analyzed using Cox regression models, with adjustment for baseline participant characteristics. RESULTS: Of 98 eligible participants with available baseline abdominal CT, 8 were excluded because of imaging quality (eg, orthopedic hardware), resulting in 90 evaluable cases: 51 men (57.0%; mean age, 63.2 years [SD, 8.5]; mean body mass index [BMI], 29.3 kg/m2 [SD, 6.4]), 80 White (89.0%), 6 Black (7.0%), and 4 unknown race (4.0%). Sarcopenia was present in 32 participants (35.9%), and sarcopenic obesity was present in 10 participants (11.2%). Univariable analyses for the 6 variables of interest indicated that the standardized mean difference (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98; P = .04) was statistically significantly associated with OS. In models adjusted for sex, race, age, BMI, performance score, contrast use, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, VATA was statistically significantly associated with OS (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.00-2.51; P = .05). No difference was observed in OS between participants according to sarcopenic obesity or sarcopenia categories. The median OS estimates were 25.1 months for participants without sarcopenic obesity, 18.6 months for participants with sarcopenic obesity, 23.6 months for participants without sarcopenia, and 27.9 months for participants with sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to systematically evaluate body composition parameters in a prospective multicenter trial of patients with resectable PDA who received perioperative chemotherapy. Visceral adipose tissue was associated with survival; however, there was no association between OS and sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity. Further studies should evaluate these findings in more detail.

Assessment of the Efficacy of the Combination of RNAi of lncRNA DANCR with Chemotherapy to Treat Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) differentiation antagonizing noncoding RNA (DANCR) is overexpressed in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and promotes cell migration and proliferation. TNBC is limited in treatment options relative to hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer and is commonly treated with chemotherapy, which is often compromised by acquired resistance. DANCR has been implicated in the development of chemoresistance across multiple cancer types. Here, we applied magnetic resonance molecular imaging (MRMI) with a targeted contrast agent, MT218, specific to extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN), a marker for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of paclitaxel and ZD2-PEG-ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles (ZD2-siDANCR-ELNP) to treat TNBC. The treatment of orthotopic MDA-MB-231 TNBC in mice with paclitaxel significantly suppressed tumor growth but with a significant increase of EDB-FN in the tumor, as revealed by MRMI and immunohistochemistry. Combining ZD2-siDANCR-ELNP with paclitaxel further reduced tumor sizes, along with reduced EDB-FN expression. Interestingly, MT218-MRMI revealed a lower reduction of tumor signal enhancement with the combination treatment than that with the siDANCR treatment alone, which was supported by higher cell density in the tumors treated with the combination therapy, as shown by histochemical analysis. MT218-MRMI clearly revealed the changes of the tumor microenvironment in response to various therapies and is effective to noninvasively assess the response of TNBC tumors to the therapies. Regulating oncogenic lncRNA DANCR is an effective strategy for improving the outcomes of chemotherapy in TNBC.

Risk Assessment of Metachronous Gastric Neoplasm after Endoscopic Resection for Early Gastric Cancer According to Age at Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Background/Aims: Helicobacter pylori eradication can reduce the incidence of metachronous gastric neoplasm (MGN) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). This study evaluated the risk of developing MGN after ESD for EGC based on age at H. pylori eradication. Methods: Data of patients who underwent curative ESD for EGC with H. pylori infection between 2005 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were allocated to four groups according to age at H. pylori eradication: group 1 (<50 years), group 2 (50-59 years), group 3 (60-69 years), and group 4 (≥70 years). Results: All patients were followed up for at least 5 years after ESD. The 5-year cumulative incidence of MGN was 2.1%, 7.0%, 8.7%, and 16.7% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p<0.001), and groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase in the risk of MGN (hazard ratio [HR], 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 19.92 and HR, 10.75; 95% CI, 2.45 to 47.12). After adjustments for moderate to severe intestinal metaplasia based on the updated Sydney system, groups 3 and 4 remained significantly associated with MGN (HR, 4.40; 95% CI, 1.03 to 18.84 and HR, 10.14; 95% CI, 2.31 to 44.57). Conclusions: The incidence of MGN after ESD for EGC increased with age at H. pylori eradication. Age at H. pylori eradication ≥60 years was an independent risk factor for MGN, even after adjusting for the presence of advanced intestinal metaplasia.