ABSTRACT
Background: A previous 2014 meta-analysis reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis. It was considered necessary to update the recently published papers and to analyse subgroups on important clinical variables that could affect the association between obesity and periodontitis. Therefore, we updated the latest studies and attempted to derive more refined results. Methods: All observational studies were eligible for inclusion. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients aged 18-34, 35-54, and 55+ years and the countries (European countries, USA, Brazil, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries). Results: Thirty-seven full-text articles were included. Obesity conferred increased odds of periodontal disease with an odds ratio (1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.75). In the subgroup analysis by age, the odds ratio was the highest in the 18-34 years group (2.21, 95% CI: 1.26-3.89). In the subgroup analysis by country, European countries had the highest odds ratio (2.46, 95% CI: 1.11-5.46). Conclusion: Despite the differences in degree, a positive association between obesity and periodontitis was found regardless of country or age. Therefore, medical professionals should try to prevent periodontitis by controlling patient weights, and more studies should be conducted to determine the association between obesity and oral health. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022301343.
Subject(s)
Periodontitis , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Periodontitis/complications , Periodontitis/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Odds Ratio , Body Weight , BrazilABSTRACT
Os mini-implantes ortodônticos têm revolucionado a biomecânica, bem como a ancoragem ortodôntica, a qual pode ser conseguida de maneira perfeitamente estável. Na primeira parte desse estudo, o sorriso gengival é definido e classificado de acordo com suas etiologias. Entre eles, o tipo dentoalveolar, uma boa indicação para tratamento com mini-implantes foi dividido em três categorias: (1) casos com crescimento vertical do complexo dentoalveolar anterior superior (casos 1, 2 e 3); (2) casos com protrusão do complexo dentoalveolar anterior (casos 4 e 5); e (3) casos com protrusão do complexo dentoalveolar anterossuperior e extrusão dos dentes posterossuperiores (casos 6 e 7). Três casos com excessivo crescimento vertical do complexo dentoalveolar anterossuperior são apresentados. Eles foram caracterizados com extrusão e lingualização dos incisivos superiores, sobremordida profunda e sorriso gengival. O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar o uso de mini-implantes na região anterior para intrusão de incisivos e correção do sorriso gengival. Foram utilizados mini-implantes nas regiões anterior e superior (1,6 x 6,0mm) e mola fechada de NiTi para intruir e vestibularizar os incisivos extruídos e lingualizados. Os mini-implantes podem ser utilizados com sucesso como ancoragem para intrusão de dentes anteriores.
Orthodontic mini-implants have revolutionized orthodontic anchorage and biomechanics by making anchorage perfectly stable. In this Part I, 'gummy smile' was defined and classified according to the etiologies. Among them, dentoalveolar type, a good indication of mini-implant treatment, was divided into three categories: (1) Cases with vertical growth of upper anterior dentoalveolar complex (Cases 1, 2, and 3), (2) Cases with protrusion of anterior dentoalveolar complex (Cases 4, and 5), and (3) Cases with protrusion of upper anterior dentoalveolar complex and extrusion of upper posterior teeth (Cases 6, and 7). Three cases with excessive vertical growth of the upper anterior dentoalveolar complex were presented. They were characterized with extruded and retroclined upper incisors, deep overbite, and gummy smile. The aim of this paper is to show that mini-implants are useful in the anterior area to intrude incisors and correct the gummy smile. An upper anterior mini-implant (1.6 x 6.0 mm) and a NiTi closed coil spring were used to intrude and procline the retroclined extruded incisors. Mini-implants can be used successfully as orthodontic anchorage to intrude anterior teeth.