ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate whether there is a difference in inter-eye glaucoma severity and progression in patients with asymmetric axial length DESIGN: Long-term observational study PARTICIPANTS: Patients over 20 years of age who had been diagnosed with glaucoma at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between 2010 and 2020. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with glaucoma in both eyes with an axial length difference of more than 1.0 mm were included. Each individual's eyes were classified into "longer eye" and "shorter eye," and the baseline and follow-up clinical data were analyzed using the paired test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in clinical characteristics in patients with asymmetric axial length RESULTS: A total of 190 eyes of 95 glaucoma patients with asymmetric axial length were included in the study. The patients' mean age was 51.2 ± 12.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 10.1 ± 3.9 years. There was no difference in the baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) or central corneal thickness (CCT) between longer eyes and shorter eyes. Among the baseline disc parameters, ovality index, beta-zone and gamma-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) area were larger in the longer eyes. In the baseline OCT data, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were thinner in the longer eyes. According to a baseline visual field (VF) test, the mean deviation (MD) and visual field index (VFI) values were significantly lower in the longer eyes. Based on an analysis of glaucoma progression, the rate of change of superior GCIPL (longer eyes : -0.65 µm/yr, shorter eyes : -0.40 µm/yr) , MD (longer eyes : -0.40 dB/yr, shorter eyes : -0.21 dB/yr) , and VFI (longer eyes : -0.92 %/yr, shorter eyes : -0.46 %/yr) were larger in the longer eyes. The greater the difference between the mean IOP and beta-zone PPA area between inter-eyes, the greater the difference in the rate of change of RNFL and GCIPL. Additionally, the greater the difference in IOP fluctuation, the greater the difference in the rate of change between MD and VFI. CONCLUSIONS: When there was an axial length difference of more than 1.0 mm, glaucoma tended to be more severe and to progress faster in the longer eyes. The inter-eye difference in glaucoma progression rate is related to both mean IOP and IOP fluctuation.
ABSTRACT
Nationwide incidence and risk factors for incisional glaucoma surgery post-infantile cataract (IC) surgery in children remain poorly understood. We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Korean national health claims database to identify IC patients diagnosed before age 1 who had IC surgery among all Korean born between 2008 and 2018 (n = 9,593,003). We estimated the annual occurrence of undergoing incisional glaucoma surgery following IC surgery in the general population aged 0-10. The risk factors for incisional surgery including systemic comorbidities and ophthalmic anomalies were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Of 650 patients who had undergone IC surgery with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up period of 6.2 (3.2) years, 92 (14.2%) were diagnosed with glaucoma following infantile cataract surgery (GFICS). Among them, 21 patients (22.8%) underwent incisional glaucoma surgery after a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 5.4 (2.8) years from the diagnosis of GFICS. Median (InterQuartile Range) age at incisional surgery was 4 (2,6) years old. Twenty of 21 patients (95.2%) underwent incisional glaucoma surgery within 3 years of diagnosis of GFICS. No factors, except younger age at glaucoma diagnosis (P = 0.03), were associated with undergoing incisional surgery. These findings can better understand the epidemiologic features and clinical courses of GFICS.
Subject(s)
Cataract Extraction , Glaucoma , Humans , Glaucoma/surgery , Glaucoma/epidemiology , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Infant , Incidence , Child, Preschool , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Child , Cataract/epidemiology , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Although binge alcohol-induced gut leakage has been studied extensively in the context of reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling, it was recently revealed that post-transcriptional regulation plays an essential role as well. Ethanol (EtOH)-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), a key enzyme in EtOH metabolism, promotes alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammatory liver disease, at least in part by mediating changes in intestinal permeability. For instance, gut leakage and elevated intestinal permeability to endotoxins have been shown to be regulated by enhancing CYP2E1 mRNA and CYP2E1 protein levels. Although it is understood that EtOH promotes CYP2E1 induction and activation, the mechanisms that regulate CYP2E1 expression in the context of intestinal damage remain poorly defined. Specific miRNAs, including miR-132, miR-212, miR-378, and miR-552, have been shown to repress the expression of CYP2E1, suggesting that these miRNAs contribute to EtOH-induced intestinal injury. Here, we have shown that CYP2E1 expression is regulated post-transcriptionally through miRNA-mediated degradation, as follows: (1) the RNA-binding protein AU-binding factor 1 (AUF1) binds mature miRNAs, including CYP2E1-targeting miRNAs, and this binding modulates the degradation of corresponding target mRNAs upon EtOH treatment; (2) the serine/threonine kinase mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (MST1) mediates oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of AUF1. Those findings suggest that reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling modulates AUF1/miRNA interaction through MST1-mediated phosphorylation. Thus, our study demonstrates the critical functions of AUF1 phosphorylation by MST1 in the decay of miRNAs targeting CYP2E1, the stabilization of CYP2E1 mRNA in the presence of EtOH, and the relationship of this pathway to subsequent intestinal injury.
Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 , Ethanol , MicroRNAs , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/metabolism , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , MicroRNAs/genetics , Ethanol/toxicity , Ethanol/adverse effects , Humans , Animals , Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0/metabolism , Intestines/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/pathologyABSTRACT
This study investigated intraocular pressure (IOP) in Dutch belted rabbits using two different tonometers, rebound tonometry (TonoVet Plus; TVP) and a Tonopen (Tono-Pen AVIA Vet; TPA). Post-pubescent male Dutch belted rabbits aged 36 weeks (n = 10 animals) were used in the study. IOP measurements were conducted every 2 weeks for 22 weeks using TVP and TPA on both eyes of each rabbit. The average IOP measurements were compared by the paired Student's t-test. Pairwise Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman statistics were used. The overall mean IOP measured with TPA was significantly higher than that with TVP (23.5 ± 4.9 vs. 21.8 ± 2.4 mmHg for the right eyes; P = 0.045, and 23.0 ± 4.7 vs. 21.5 ± 2.4 mmHg for the left eyes; P = 0.047). Both tonometers tended to show increased IOP readings with age, and positive correlations between IOP and age were observed with both TPA (r = 0.95, P < 0.001 for right eyes; r = 0.95, P < 0.001 for left eyes) and TVP (r = 0.91, P < 0.001 for right eyes; r = 0.64, P = 0.024 for left eyes). The average bias calculated by subtracting TPA from TVP was - 1.60 (95% confidence intervals - 1.927, - 1.281) mmHg. IOP in post-pubescent Dutch belted rabbits tended to increase with age throughout the 22 week study.
Subject(s)
Aging , Intraocular Pressure , Tonometry, Ocular , Animals , Rabbits , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Male , Aging/physiologyABSTRACT
Importance: Suicide is a substantial public health concern that involves various recognized contributing factors. Sensory impairments, specifically visual impairment, are deemed potential risk factors. Nonetheless, comprehensive information about associated risk levels and underlying determinants remains limited. Objective: To investigate the association between visual impairment and different aspects of suicide, including the assessment of risk levels and exploration of potential contributing factors. Data Sources: An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to February 8, 2024. Study Selection: All published studies were considered without restrictions on study design, publication date, or language. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two independent reviewers extracted the published data using a standardized procedure in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify potential factors contributing to the association between visual impairment and the risk of suicide. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) of suicidal behavior (including suicide attempt and suicide death) for individuals with visual impairment compared with those without. The secondary outcome measures were the pooled ORs of suicidal ideation and suicide death, respectively. Results: A total of 31 population-based studies with 5â¯692â¯769 unique individuals (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [8.5] years; 2â¯965â¯933 females [52%]) were included. For 17 studies (5â¯602â¯285 individuals) that evaluated suicidal behavior, the pooled OR was 2.49 (95% CI, 1.71-3.63). For 21 studies (611â¯899 individuals) that assessed suicidal ideation, the pooled OR was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.62-2.50). For 8 studies (5â¯067â¯113 individuals) investigating the association between visual impairment and suicide death, the pooled OR was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.32-2.71). The multiple meta-regression model identified age group as a predictive factor associated with suicidal behavior, with the studies included suggesting that adolescents were at the highest risk. While this analysis showed moderate heterogeneity for suicide death, high heterogeneity was observed for suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the association between visual impairment and increased risk of suicidal tendencies. The risk differed by age group, with a pronounced risk observed among adolescents.
Subject(s)
Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted , Humans , Databases, Factual , Risk Factors , Vision Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a multitude of pathological manifestations, prominently marked by the aggregation of amyloid beta. Recent investigations have revealed a compelling association between excessive adiposity and glial activation, further correlating with cognitive impairments. Additionally, alterations in levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been reported in individuals with metabolic conditions accompanied by memory dysfunction. Hence, our research endeavors to comprehensively explore the impact of IGF-1 on the hippocampus and adipose tissue in the context of Alzheimer's disease. To address this, we have conducted an in-depth analysis utilizing APP/PS2 transgenic mice, recognized as a well-established mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Upon administering IGF-1 injections to the APP/PS2 mice, we observed notable alterations in their behavioral patterns, prompting us to undertake a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of both the hippocampal and adipose tissues. Our data unveiled significant modifications in the functional profiles of these tissues. Specifically, in the hippocampus, we identified changes associated with synaptic activity and neuroinflammation. Concurrently, the adipose tissue displayed shifts in processes related to fat browning and cell death signaling. In addition to these findings, our analysis enabled the identification of a collection of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that exhibited significant changes in expression subsequent to the administration of IGF-1 injections. Furthermore, we endeavored to predict the potential roles of these identified RNA molecules within the context of our study. In summary, our study offers valuable transcriptome data for hippocampal and adipose tissues within an Alzheimer's disease model and posits a significant role for IGF-1 within both the hippocampus and adipose tissue.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Mice , Animals , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Transcriptome , Hippocampus/metabolism , Mice, Transgenic , Gene Expression Profiling , Adipose Tissue, White/metabolismABSTRACT
This prospective cross-sectional study investigated the visual function of preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) patients based on hemifield (HF) pattern electroretinogram (PERG) amplitudes. Thirty-two (32) normal subjects and 33 PPG patients were enrolled in control and PPG groups, respectively. All of the participants had undergone full ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), visual field (VF) examination and pattern electroretinography (PERG). The PERG parameters along with the HF ratios of SD-OCT and PERG were compared between the control and PPG groups. Pairwise Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression models were fitted to investigate the correlations. The PERG N95 amplitudes were significantly lower in the PPG group (P < 0.001). The smaller/larger HF N95 amplitude ratio of the PPG group was found to be smaller than that of the control group (0.73 ± 0.20 vs. 0.86 ± 0.12; P = 0.003) and showed positive correlations with affected HF average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness (r = 0.377, P = 0.034) and with average GCIPL thickness (r = 0.341, P = 0.005). The smaller/larger HF N95 amplitude ratio did not significantly change with age (ß = - 0.005, P = 0.195), whereas the full-field N95 amplitude showed a negative correlation with age (ß = - 0.081, P < 0.001). HF analysis of PERG N95 amplitudes might be particularly useful for patients with early glaucoma.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography , Glaucoma , Humans , Electroretinography/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Visual Field Tests/methods , Glaucoma/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methodsABSTRACT
PRCIS: In the group of glaucoma patients with myopia, the more severe the degree of myopia, the faster the loss of visual acuity and central visual field defect. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the progression rate of myopic glaucoma and associated factors by long-term analysis of its clinical course. METHODS: Patients who had had at least 5 years of follow-up and a spherical equivalent of -0.5 diopters or less were included in this study. They were divided into 3 myopia groups according to myopic grade, namely mild myopia (-0.5 to -3.0 diopters), moderate myopia (-3.0 to -6.0 diopters), and high myopia (-6.0 diopters or more), and the clinical course, progression rate, and associated factors were compared among the groups and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 121 eyes of 121 patients with glaucoma with myopia were included in the study. The average follow-up period was 10.4 ± 2.9 years. In the analysis of progression rate, the change rate of average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (-0.75 µm/y in mild myopia, -0.82 µm/y in moderate myopia, -0.84 µm/y in high myopia) and the mean deviation change (-0.30 dB/y in mild myopia, -0.37 dB/y in moderate myopia, -0.39 dB/y in high myopia) both tended to be faster as the myopic grade increased. In a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the high myopia groups demonstrated a significantly faster VA loss (of more than 3 lines) and a higher incidence of newly developed central visual field defect (CVFD) than did the mild and moderate myopia groups. Longer axial length (odds ratio: 1.72, CI: 1.03-3.07, P = 0.047) and RNFL defect extending to the macula (odds ratio: 4.14, CI: 1.54-12.30, P = 0.007) were significantly associated with newly developed CVFD. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with myopic glaucoma, the higher the degree of myopia, the faster the rate of visual acuity loss and CVFD occurrence. Occurrence of CVFD was associated with longer axial length and widening of RNFLr defect to the macula.
Subject(s)
Disease Progression , Intraocular Pressure , Nerve Fibers , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Visual Acuity , Visual Fields , Humans , Male , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Visual Fields/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Middle Aged , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Adult , Myopia/physiopathology , Myopia/complications , Risk Factors , Aged , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Myopia, Degenerative/physiopathology , Myopia, Degenerative/complications , Visual Field Tests , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Vision Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between optic disc hemorrhage (DH) size and glaucoma progression. DESIGN: A retrospective observational cohort study METHODS: ⯠SETTING: A single tertiary hospital in South Korea STUDY POPULATION: Two hundred and fifty (250) open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with DH. Participants were followed for 5 years or longer, with a minimum of 5 visual field (VF) tests. OBSERVATION PROCEDURE: The DH area was calculated by comparing the pixel numbers of the DH area with the disc area based on optical coherence tomography (OCT). For recurrent DH cases, we calculated the average DH area. DH size was classified as large or small based on the median value. Rates of mean deviation (MD) loss were determined using guided progression analysis (GPA). Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of MD loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DH size and longitudinal VF progression RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 11.1 ± 3.6 years. The group with large DH showed faster global MD loss relative to the group with small DH (-0.51±0.48 dB/y vs -0.36 ± 0.42 dB/y, P = .01). In the multivariable model, mean DH size, maximum DH size, and initial MD were all significantly associated with the overall rate of MD loss (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: DH size was associated with the rate of VF deterioration. Eyes with larger DH showed more pronounced VF progression.
Subject(s)
Disease Progression , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Intraocular Pressure , Optic Disk , Retinal Hemorrhage , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields , Humans , Visual Fields/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Female , Optic Disk/pathology , Optic Disk/blood supply , Male , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Retinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Retinal Hemorrhage/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Follow-Up Studies , Aged , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Clinical RelevanceABSTRACT
PRCIS: This nationwide analysis identified the prevalence and incidence of childhood glaucoma for an 18-year period. The prevalence and incidence of primary congenital glaucoma showed increasing trends. Juvenile open angle glaucoma, meanwhile, showed a decreasing tendency. PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the trends in the prevalence and incidence of childhood glaucoma in the entire population of South Korea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed with an age-specific and sex-specific population of South Korea. The Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database for 2002 to 2019 was accessed to identify cases of ophthalmologist-confirmed primary childhood glaucoma [ie, primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG)]. Incidence for PCG was estimated for a same-birth-year population, while that for JOAG was estimated using age-specific and sex-specific population figures. To verify the glaucoma cases, we also analyzed the diagnostic codes as well as any information on medication prescriptions and/or ocular-surgery history. RESULTS: During the 18-year observational period, totals of 505 and 7538 patients were diagnosed with PCG and JOAG, respectively. The mean prevalences of PCG and JOAG were 3.96±0.72 and 14.17±5.18, respectively. The prevalence of PCG showed an overall increasing trend during the study period, but the pattern was not significant ( ß =0.049, P =0.143); that of JOAG, meanwhile, showed a significant decreasing tendency ( ß =-0.713, P =0.001). PCG prevalence showed no difference between urban and rural areas, but JOAG showed a higher prevalence in rural areas ( P <0.001). As for mean incidence, the rates for PCG and JOAG were 1.54±0.49 and 5.02±1.95 (per 100,000 person-years), respectively, and were higher in males ( P <0.001 and P =0.013). CONCLUSION: This study identified childhood glaucoma prevalence and incidence in a general population of East Asian ethnicity. This data could help to promote a better understanding of the typical epidemiological features and clinical courses of childhood glaucoma patients.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Humans , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Incidence , Male , Female , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Infant , Age Distribution , Sex Distribution , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Glaucoma/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Databases, FactualABSTRACT
This study focused on patients with advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and aimed to identify key factors for monitoring them. We included 127 such patients who were followed for seven years or more, undergoing annual ophthalmic examinations. Glaucoma progression was defined as a deterioration in either structure or function. The progression rates and risk factors were evaluated. The patients were divided into upper- and lower-half subgroups based on the reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) from the baseline. Over an 11-year period, glaucoma progression was detected in 59 eyes (46.5%). The rate of change in mean deviation (MD) was - 0.43 dB/year for the entire population; - 0.67 dB/year for progressors; and - 0.20 dB/year for non-progressors. Hypertension and disc hemorrhage (DH) were more common in progressors compared to non-progressors (45.8 vs. 23.5%, 11.9 vs. 1.5%; P = 0.008 and P = 0.016). Multivariate Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that the presence of DH and a better baseline MD were associated with glaucoma progression. Additionally, patients with a higher percentage reduction in IOP (> 20.94%) had a lower risk of progression compared to those with less reduction. Inadequate IOP reduction, better baseline MD, presence of DH, and lower central corneal thickness were identified as risk factors for progression in advanced OAG patients.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Glaucoma , Optic Disk , Humans , Follow-Up Studies , Visual Fields , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
Importance: Light pollution's impact on human health is increasingly recognized, but its link to exudative age-related macular degeneration (EAMD) remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the association between exposure to outdoor artificial light at night (OALAN) and the risk of incident EAMD. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this nationwide population-based case-control study, all individuals 50 years or older with newly diagnosed EAMD between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, were identified with reference to the Korean National Health Insurance Service registration program database for rare and intractable diseases. Birth year- and sex-matched controls (with no EAMD diagnosis until 2020) were selected at a 1:30 ratio. Data were acquired from May 1 to December 31, 2021, and analyzed from June 1 to November 30, 2022. Exposures: Mean levels of OALAN at participants' residential addresses during 2008 and 2009 were estimated using time-varying satellite data for a composite view of persistent nighttime illumination at an approximate scale of 1 km2. Main Outcomes and Measures: The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the association between residential OALAN and risk of incident EAMD were determined based on maximum likelihood estimation after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and area-level risk factors (ie, nighttime traffic noise and particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm in each participant's administrative district of residence). Results: A total of 126 418 participants were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [7.9] years; 78 244 men [61.9%]). Of these, 4078 were patients with newly diagnosed EAMD and 122â¯340 were EAMD-free matched controls. In fully adjusted models, an IQR (55.8 nW/cm2/sr) increase in OALAN level was associated with an HR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.56-1.78) for incident EAMD. The exposure-response curve demonstrated a nonlinear, concave upward slope becoming more pronounced at higher levels of light exposure (ie, at approximately 110 nW/cm2/sr). In a subgroup analysis, an IQR increase in OALAN was associated with increased risk of incident EAMD in urban areas (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.33-1.61]) but not in rural areas (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.84-1.22]). Conclusions and Relevance: In this nationwide population-based case-control study, higher levels of residential OALAN were associated with an increased risk of incident EAMD. Future studies with more detailed information on exposure, individual adaptive behaviors, and potential mediators are warranted.
Subject(s)
Lighting , Macular Degeneration , Aged , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Databases, Factual , Macular Degeneration/epidemiology , Macular Degeneration/etiology , Republic of Korea , Lighting/adverse effectsABSTRACT
AIMS: To investigate any association between intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction amount and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) progression in highly myopic eyes and to determine the associated risk factors. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one (131) eyes of 131 patients with highly myopic OAG, all of whom had received topical medications and been followed for 5 years or longer, were enrolled. Based on the IOP reduction percentage, patients were categorised into tertile groups, and subsequently, the upper-tertile and lower-tertile groups were compared for the cumulative probability of glaucoma progression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank testing were applied in the comparison, and multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazard model, additionally, was performed to identify progression risk factors. RESULTS: Throughout the average 11.6±4.4 year follow-up on the 131 eyes (mean age, 41.2 years at initial visit; baseline IOP, 16.4 mm Hg), 72 eyes (55.0%) showed glaucoma progression. The upper-tertile group (IOP reduction percentage>23.7%) showed a high cumulative probability of non-progression relative to the lower-tertile group (IOP reduction percentage<11.0%; p=0.034), according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Presence of disc haemorrhage (DH; HR=2.189; p=0.032) was determined by the multivariate Cox's proportional hazard model to be significantly associated with glaucoma progression. For progressors, the average rate of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness thinning was -0.88±0.74 µm/year, while the MD change was -0.42±0.36 dB/year. CONCLUSIONS: Glaucoma progression is associated with amount of IOP reduction by topical medications in highly myopic eyes, and DH occurrence is a glaucoma progression risk factor.
Subject(s)
Disease Progression , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Intraocular Pressure , Tonometry, Ocular , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Male , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Adult , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Myopia, Degenerative/physiopathology , Myopia, Degenerative/complications , Visual Fields/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
PRCIS: Among children with unilateral glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), 7 of 47 demonstrated involvement in the fellow eye, and that group had had earlier first-eye surgery relative to the noninvolvement group. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for fellow-eye involvement in children with unilateral SWS-associated glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children diagnosed with a unilateral facial port-wine stain and ipsilateral glaucoma before the age of 5 and followed up for at least 5 years were enrolled. The incidence rates of fellow-eye glaucoma involvement were estimated per 100 person-years, and factors associated with a higher incidence of fellow-eye involvement were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 47 children [24 (51.1%) girls] with unilateral SWS-associated glaucoma were included. All of them had facial port-wine stain involving ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and 18 (38.3%) had neurological comorbidities. The mean age at glaucoma diagnosis was 0.8±1.2 years [range, 0.08 (1 mo)-4.0 y]. Over a median follow-up of 8.4 years, glaucoma was diagnosed in the fellow eye of 7 of the children (14.9%; incidence rate of 1.8 per 100 person-years), 6 of whom were girls ( P =0.097) and 5 of whom were diagnosed before the age of 4 years ( P =0.508). The fellow-eye-involvement group showed significantly higher mean follow-up intraocular pressure in the fellow eye, older age at first-eye surgery (both P <0.005), and higher frequency of choroidal hemangioma both at first onset and in fellow eyes ( P =0.026 and 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of SWS children diagnosed with unilateral glaucoma, the risk of fellow-eye involvement was higher in girls, within the first 4 years, and in cases with choroidal hemangioma. The fellow-eye-involved children underwent surgery on the first eye earlier than those without fellow-eye involvement.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma , Hemangioma , Port-Wine Stain , Sturge-Weber Syndrome , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child, Preschool , Male , Sturge-Weber Syndrome/complications , Sturge-Weber Syndrome/diagnosis , Sturge-Weber Syndrome/epidemiology , Incidence , Port-Wine Stain/diagnosis , Intraocular Pressure , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/epidemiology , Hemangioma/complications , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
PRCIS: Primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma showed different progression patterns of the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thinning in OCT-guided progression analysis. PURPOSE: To compare the patterns of progression of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning by guided progression analysis (GPA) of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The progression of RNFL and GCIPL thinning was assessed by the GPA of Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). By overlaying the acquired images of the RNFL and GCIPL thickness-change maps, the topographic patterns of progressive RNFL and GCIPL thinning were evaluated. The rates of progression of RNFL and GCIPL thinning were analyzed and compared between patients with POAG and those with PXG. RESULTS: Of the 248 eyes of 248 patients with POAG (175 eyes of 175 patients) or PXG (73 eyes of 73 patients) enrolled, 156 POAG eyes and 48 PXG eyes were included. Progressive RNFL thinning was significantly more common in PXG than in POAG ( P =0.005). According to the RNFL progression-frequency maps, progression appeared mainly in the superotemporal and inferotemporal areas in POAG, whereas it had invaded more into the temporal area in PXG. According to the GCIPL maps, progression was most common in the inferotemporal area in both POAG and PXG. The average progression rate of GCIPL thinning was faster in PXG than in POAG ( P =0.013), and when analyzed in 2 halves (superior/inferior), the progression rate of the inferior half was faster in PXG than in POAG ( P =0.011). CONCLUSIONS: OCT GPA showed progression patterns of RNFL and GCIPL thinning in POAG and PXG. Understanding the specific patterns of progressive RNFL and GCIPL thinning according to glaucoma type may prove helpful to glaucoma-patient treatment and monitoring.
Subject(s)
Exfoliation Syndrome , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Glaucoma , Humans , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Intraocular Pressure , Disease Progression , Nerve Fibers , Exfoliation Syndrome/complications , Exfoliation Syndrome/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence ratio of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Asian population. METHODS: Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for population-based studies in Asia published until August 5, 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis for PACG to POAG prevalence ratio using inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analyses so as to combine the study-specific measures of association. Between-study outcome variation (i.e., heterogeneity) was quantified with the I2 statistic. The multiple meta-regression analyses were performed in order to further account for the reasons for heterogeneity. RESULTS: Twenty studies, with a total study population of 52,522 individuals, had been conducted in 13 countries. The pooled PACG to POAG prevalence ratio was 2.204 (95% confidence interval, 1.617-3.004) with high heterogeneity (p < 0.001). In multiple meta-regression model, prevalence of POAG is the most important predictor for heterogeneity (model importance, 0.954), followed continent (0.508), and publication year (0.222). For every additional elevation of POAG prevalence (i.e., increase of 1.0%), the PACG to POAG prevalence ratio is expected to rise by 0.471. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated the pooled PACG to POAG prevalence ratio in the Asian population. The POAG prevalence is the most important factor to determine the PACG to POAG prevalence ratio.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Humans , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/ethnology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Prevalence , Asia/epidemiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Asian People/ethnology , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Heart failure is a leading cause of death and is often accompanied by activation of quiescent cardiac myofibroblasts, which results in cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to identify novel circular RNAs that regulate cardiac fibrosis. We applied transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 1, 4, and 8 weeks in mice. RNA sequencing datasets were obtained from cardiac fibroblasts isolated by use of a Langendorff apparatus and then further processed by use of selection criteria such as differential expression and conservation in species. CircSMAD4 was upregulated by TAC in mice or by transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 in primarily cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Delivery of si-circSMAD4 attenuated myofibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis in mice treated with isoproterenol (ISP). si-circSmad4 significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling at 8 weeks. Mechanistically, circSMAD4 acted as a sponge against the microRNA miR-671-5p in a sequence-specific manner. miR-671-5p was downregulated during myofibroblast activation and its mimic form attenuated cardiac fibrosis. miR-671-5p mimic destabilized fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mRNA in a sequence-specific manner and interfered with the fibrotic action of FGFR2. The circSMAD4-miR-671-5p-FGFR2 pathway is involved in the differentiation of cardiac myofibroblasts and thereby the development of cardiac fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
Little is known about the papillomacular bundle defect (PMBD) in glaucoma. As such, we investigated the frequency of PMBD in glaucoma patients with high myopia, and its risk factors. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect was analyzed in 92 glaucomatous eyes with high myopia (axial length of 26.0 mm or more or an average spherical value of - 6.0 diopters or less). After dividing them into two groups with and without PMBD, the clinical characteristics of the groups were compared and analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 52.1 ± 10.5 years, and there were 53 males and 39 females. PMBD were observed in 55 eyes (59.8%). There was no significant intergroup difference in baseline or follow-up intraocular pressure (IOP). Parapapillary atrophy (PPA)-to-disc-area ratio (OR 3.83, CI: 1.58-10.27, p = 0.010), lamina cribrosa defect (LCD; OR 2.92, CI: 1.14-8.13, p = 0.031) and central visual field defect (CVFD; OR 3.56, CI: 1.38-9.58, p = 0.010) were significantly associated with the PMBD..
Subject(s)
Glaucoma , Myopia , Optic Disk , Retinal Diseases , Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/epidemiology , Intraocular Pressure , Myopia/complications , Myopia/epidemiology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Retinal Diseases/complications , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
This study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of marine-derived resources for treating specific diseases, as well as identify the most effective methods for applying such resources in therapeutic applications. Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched from their inception until May 2023 using Medical Subject Headings terms and text keywords related to seawater, mineral water, or ocean therapy. Fifteen eligible studies were included, involving 1325 participants aged 42.7-63.0 years. In the subgroup analysis based on treatment type, the mean difference was -1.581 (95% CI: -1.889, -1.274) for seawater with sun exposure and -1.210 (95% CI: -1.417, -1.002) for seawater with sun exposure, mud pack application, and sulfur pool therapy. The pooled standardized mean difference was calculated for different outcomes; the results were -1.110 (95% CI: -3.028, 0.806) for osteoarthritis severity, -0.795 (95% CI: -0.982, -0.607) for arthritis pain, -1.623 (95% CI: -2.036, -1.209) for fibromyalgia pain, and -1.498 (95% CI: -1.888, -1.108) for quality of life. Marine therapy is, therefore, promising for treating chronic skin issues, easing musculoskeletal discomfort, and enhancing the quality of life among patients with musculoskeletal pain.
Subject(s)
Mineral Waters , Osteoarthritis , Humans , Quality of Life , Delivery of Health Care , PainABSTRACT
Although ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used for therapeutic and research purposes, studies on low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) are limited compared with those on other IR approaches, such as high-dose gamma irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation. High-dose IR affects DNA damage response and nucleotide-protein crosslinking, among other processes; however, the molecular consequences of LDIR have been poorly investigated. Here, we developed a method to profile RNA species crosslinked to an RNA-binding protein, namely, human antigen R (HuR), using LDIR and high-throughput RNA sequencing. The RNA fragments isolated via LDIR-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing were crosslinked to HuR and protected from RNase-mediated digestion. Upon crosslinking HuR to target mRNAs such as PAX6, ZFP91, NR2F6, and CAND2, the transcripts degraded rapidly in human cell lines. Additionally, PAX6 and NR2F6 downregulation mediated the beneficial effects of LDIR on cell viability. Thus, our approach provides a method for investigating post-transcriptional gene regulation using LDIR.