Raman evaluation of the crystallinity degree and composition of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone).

In this work, we study two series of the copolymers of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) with the CL molar content of 5, 15, and 30 %. The first series was the commercial semicrystalline granules (Corbion, Netherlands), which we analyzed without any additional modification. The second series was amorphous films, prepared from the granules by hot pressing with the subsequent fast quenching in order to avoid the crystallization. We used Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with the quantum chemical modeling to evaluate the structure of the copolymers. As additional methods, we applied X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The main result of our study is the elaboration of the Raman methods of quantitative analysis of the relative contents of the comonomers and the crystallinity degree of the poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone). These methods are based on measurements of the ratios of the peak intensities of the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) bands at 411 and 874 cm-1, the PLLA band at 2947 cm-1 and the poly(ε-caprolactone) band at 2914 cm-1. Raman study shows that growth of the CL content causes the monotonous decrease in the crystallinity degree of PLLA blocks. Density functional theory analysis of LLA decamer in the conformation of helix 103 allows us to assign the PLLA Raman bands. The Raman data on the composition and crystallinity degree of the copolymers correlate very well with the results of XRD and DSC studies, as well as with the information on the composition of the copolymers provided by manufacturer.

DFT study of Raman spectra of polyenes and ß-carotene: Dependence on length of polyene chain and isomer type.

We carried out calculations of non-resonance Raman spectra of ß-carotene and polyenes CH2(CHCH)n-2CHCH2 using the density functional theory (DFT). We revealed that the peak positions and intensities of the CC and CC stretching bands depend on length of the polyene chain and type of the isomer. Our experimental non-resonance Raman spectra of ß-carotene powder match well the DFT-simulated Raman spectrum of ß-carotene in the all-trans form. The peak positions and relative intensities of the CC and CC stretching bands of ß-carotene turned out to be similar in the resonance and non-resonance Raman spectra. An increase in the number of conjugated double bonds (n = 3-30) in a polyene structure results in a monotonous shift of the positions of the most intense CC and CC bands towards lower wavenumbers with an increase in the band intensities. An increase in the isomer number results in the monotonous decrease of the CC stretching band intensity for polyenes with 9, 10, 11, 15 and 24 double bonds. An increase in the isomer number inhomogeneously influences the form, position and intensity of the CC stretching band.

[Hygienists of the Military Medical Academy - participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident].

The main task of the military medical service in the area of work to eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster was to organize and carry out sanitary and hygienic measures aimed at preventing radiation exposure to liquidators-military personnel in excess of the established dose limits and the emergence of mass infectious and non-infectious diseases. The article summarizes the experience of the participation of the employees of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy in the implementation of anti-radiation and other preventive measures in the area of the accident. The entire faculty. of the Department of Naval and Radiation Hygiene and a number of employees of the Department of General and Military Hygiene, who on a rotational basis were continuously in the zone of work to eliminate the consequences of the accident, went through the mill of Chernobyl. Their personal contribution to the solution of urgent scientific and applied problems -of minimization of radiation impact and preservation of health of servicemen-liquidators of the accident were noted.

[Scientist-hygienist, teacher and public figure (to the 100th anniversary of birthday of professor Koshelev N F].

Koshelev N.F. made a significant contribution to the development of general and military hygiene. Under his leadership at the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy were actively conducted researchers in the field of general hygiene, hygiene, military labour, water, food and sanitation support for the troops formed a new way of hygienic structure understanding, its goals, methods, object and subject of study. Koshelev N.F. developed provisions oJ methodological basics, structure and algorithm of hygienic diagnostics. He also defined basic principles of the universal theory of hygienic regulation and developed its structure, made a number of other original theoretical positions. Koshelev N.F. created a scientific, school, continues the best traditions of domestic hygiene.

[Current state and prospects of military personnel health monitoring].

The current article is dedicated to some features of the Russian Federation Armed Forces military personnel health monitoring such as legal and informational provision, methodological basis of functioning, historical aspect of formation and development of the social and hygienic monitoring in the Russian Federation Armed Forces. The term "military personnel health monitoring" is defined as an analytical system of constant and long-term observation, analysis, assessment, studying of factors determined the military personnel health, these factors correlations, health risk factors management in order to minimize them. The current state of the military personnel health monitoring allows coming to the conclusion that the military health system does have forces and resources for state policy of establishing the population health monitoring system implementation. The following directions of the militarily personnel health monitoring improvement are proposed: the Russian Federation Armed Forces medical service record and report system reorganization bringing it closer to the civilian one, implementation of the integrated approach to the medical service informatisation, namely, military personnel health status and medical service resources monitoring. The leading means in this direction are development and introduction of a military serviceman individual health status monitoring system on the basis of a serviceman electronic medical record card. Also it is proposed the current Russian Federation Armed Forces social and hygienic monitoring improvement at the expense of informational interaction between the two subsystems on the basis of unified military medical service space.

[Outstanding Russian scientist, teacher and social activist (to the 170th anniversary of the birth of prof. A.P. Dobroslavin)].

The formation and development of hygiene in the country is associated with activity of many prominent scientists-hygienists, and among them a place of honor justly belongs to Alexei Petrovich Dobroslavin--PhD, full professor, State Councillor, who in October 2012 would have been 170 years since the birth. He is the founder of the science of domestic hygiene and self-discipline. Hygienist talented researcher, a pioneer of military hygiene in Russia and known public figure, in 18 years of activity of A. P. Dobroslavin performed herculean research, educational, social, and practical work. Creatively continuing and developing the noble humanist traditions and ideas of professor A. P. Dobroslavin and he created the original and largest school of russian hygienists, modern military hygiene adds and multiplies them in order to preserve and promote the health of population and military.

[Development of the system of dietary nutrition in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation].

The analysis of the existing system of organization dietary personnel in the Armed Forces has been done. The new system of improvement of dietary nutrition for military personnel was developed. This system is based on scientifically proven food rationings that provide a balance of nutrients and mechanical and chemical sparing of GI tract. For the purpose of evalution of the given system the research was conducted. Two test groups were formed. First group (control) got dietary nutrition according to the current system; second group (experimental) got dietary nutrition according to the developed system. In 3 months, experimental group showed the significant improvement of health record. Control group had no significant changes. Obtained results show the prospects of developed dietary nutrition.

[Impulse noise at shooting from small arms and close combat weapon as the factor of military work].

The high-intensity impulse noise which is basic source in Armed forces are the firearms, has an adverse effect on professional soldiers, leading to decrease of professional working capacity and health deterioration. Due to influence of this factor the considerable part of military men has a hearing impairment and other diseases, including an arterial hypertension. The basic directions of protection of men from impulse noise are: perfection of hygienic rationing, optimization of the using of antinoise earphones, development of new generation of means of individual defense from noise.

[Means for volumetric fire extinguishing in inhabited facilities]. / Sredstva ob''emnogo pozharotusheniia v obitaemykh pomeshcheniiakh.

The authors discuss the problem concerning the substitution of ozone-destroying fire extinguishing halogen hydrocarbons 13B1, 12B1 and 114B2 with alternative means of volumetric fire extinguishing. The toxicological-and-hygienic characteristics of chladon 13B1 and of the new ozone-harmless extinguishers (chladons 124B1 and 125, sulphur hexafluoride and aerosol-forming means of volumetric fire extinguishing) are shown.

[Clinical course of hepato-gastro-duodenal diseases]. / Klinicheskoe techenie zabolevanii gepatogastroduodenal'noi zony.

AIM: To characterize clinical course of hepatogastroduodenal diseases (HGDD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 897 patients with HGDD were examined aged 15 to 82 years. RESULTS: Three groups of patients were recognized: with predominant symptoms of pains in epigastric and hepatic area; with motor-evacuatory disturbances of the stomach and duodenum; with prevailing symptoms of asthenovegetative and depressive disorders. CONCLUSION: Distribution of the patients by type of clinical course provides algorithm of examination and helps to formulate optimal therapeutic policy.

[The morphogenesis of polyps of the large intestine]. / O morfogeneze polipov tolstoi kishki.

The proportion of so-called hyperplastic polyps among other colon epithelial tumours remains unclear. Colon polyps are studied in 400 patients: hyperplastic polyps are found in 107, a combination of hyperplastic polyp with tubular adenoma in 143, tubular adenoma in 72, villous adenoma in 41 and tubulovillous adenoma in 37 cases. Hyperplastic structures and formation of adenomatous structures were, as a rule, observed in a polyp tip, this corresponding to the increase of nuclei volume and DNA amount in the tip colonocytes. The determination of karyometric coefficient (the ratio of the colonocyte nuclei volume in the polyp tip to colonocytes in the intact mucosa) is proposed as a quantitative criterion of proliferative and dysplastic processes.