ABSTRACT
Temporomandibular disorders are a common pathology affecting up to 70% of the population, with a maximum incidence in young patients. We used a sample of twenty patients recruited in the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca (Spain), who met the inclusion criteria, with unilateral painful symptomatology of more than three months' duration. All patients were randomly treated by intramuscular and intra-articular injections of botulinum toxin (100 U) in eight predetermined points. Pain symptomatology was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) at the different locations, together with joint symptomatology, at baseline and six weeks after treatment. Adverse effects were also evaluated. In 85% of the patients, pain upon oral opening improved and 90% showed improvement in pain upon mastication. A total of 75% of the patients reported improvement in joint clicking/noise. Headaches improved or disappeared in 70% of the patients treated. Despite the limitations of the study and the preliminary results, intramuscular and intra-articular infiltrations with botulinum toxin were effective in the treatment of symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), with minimal adverse effects.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: El objetivo general del trabajo es conocer la efectividad entre la educación sanitaria sobre la lactancia materna en mujeres embarazadas en últimas semanas de fecha de parto en relación a su decisión de amamantar a sus hijos/as. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: En primer lugar, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica del estado actual de la producción científica enfermera sobre la efectividad de la educación en la población relacionado con la lactancia materna. A continuación se realiza un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, medición de la variable y diseño con intervención siendo este cuasi experimental con una muestra de 102 mujeres embarazadas. RESULTADOS: Tras la aplicación de los test preeducacional y posteducacional en las sesiones de educación maternal sobre la lactancia materna la comparativa es positiva respecto a la adquisición de nivel de conocimientos de las mujeres embarazadas de la lactancia materna con el objetivo de aumentar la tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva en la población. CONCLUSIONES: En la actualidad existe evidencia científica de un notable descenso de madres que amamantan a sus hijos debido a una carencia de información adecuada sobre el tema. Para ello, se hace necesaria la realización de educación sanitaria, los programas de educación tienen un afán promotor en el uso de la lactancia natural.
OBJECTIVES: The general objective of the work is to know the effectiveness among health education on breastfeeding in pregnant women in the last weeks of the date of delivery in relation to their decision to breastfeed their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, a bibliographic review of the current state of nursing scientific production on the effectiveness of education in the population related to breastfeeding is carried out. A quantitative approach, measurement of the variable and design with intervention study is carried out, this quasi-experimental being with a sample of 102 pregnant women. RESULTS: After the application of the preeducational and posteducational tests in the maternal education sessions on breastfeeding, the comparison is positive regarding the acquisition of the level of knowledge of pregnant women of breastfeeding in order to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the population. CONCLUSIONS: Currently there is scientific evidence of a notable decline in mothers who breastfeed their children due to a lack of adequate information on the subject. For this, it is necessary to carry out health education, education programs have a promoting desire in the use of breastfeeding.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Breast Feeding , Nurse's Role , Health Promotion/methods , Rural Areas , Health Education/methodsABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS El objetivo general del trabajo es conocer la efectividad entre la educación sanitaria sobre la lactancia materna en mujeres embarazadas en últimas semanas de fecha de parto en relación a su decisión de amamantar a sus hijos/as. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS En primer lugar, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica del estado actual de la producción científica enfermera sobre la efectividad de la educación en la población relacionado con la lactancia materna. A continuación, se realiza un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, medición de la variable y diseño con intervención siendo este cuasi experimental con una muestra de 102 mujeres embarazadas. RESULTADOS Tras la aplicación de los test preeducacional y posteducacional en las sesiones de educación maternal sobre la lactancia materna la comparativa es positiva respecto a la adquisición de nivel de conocimientos de las mujeres embarazadas de la lactancia materna con el objetivo de aumentar la tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva en la población. CONCLUSIONES En la actualidad existe evidencia científica de un notable descenso de madres que amamantan a sus hijos debido a una carencia de información adecuada sobre el tema. Para ello, se hace necesaria la realización de educación sanitaria, los programas de educación tienen un afán promotor en el uso de la lactancia natural.
OBJECTIVES The general objective of the work is to know the effectiveness among health education on breastfeeding in pregnant women in the last weeks of the date of delivery in relation to their decision to breastfeed their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, a bibliographic review of the current state of nursing scientific production on the effectiveness of education in the population related to breastfeeding is carried out. A quantitative approach, measurement of the variable and design with intervention study is carried out, this quasi-experimental being with a sample of 102 pregnant women. RESULTS After the application of the preeducational and posteducational tests in the maternal education sessions on breastfeeding, the comparison is positive regarding the acquisition of the level of knowledge of pregnant women of breastfeeding in order to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the population. CONCLUSIONS Currently there is scientific evidence of a notable decline in mothers who breastfeed their children due to a lack of adequate information on the subject. For this, it is necessary to carry out health education, education programs have a promoting desire in the use of breastfeeding.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding , Prenatal Education/methods , Mothers/education , Prenatal Care/methods , Health Promotion/methodsABSTRACT
Introducción: La carga de enfermedad por neumonía en adultos mayores supone un impacto de gran magnitud en los sistemas de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una evaluación económica de la estrategia de vacunación frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae mediante la vacuna neumocócica conjugada 13-valente frente a la no vacunación. Material y métodos: Se ha desarrollado un modelo económico simulado en forma de árbol de decisión para evaluar el coste/efectividad de la estrategia de vacunación en la cohorte de población mayor de 65 años del Área de Salud de Valladolid-Este versus no vacunación mediante un análisis probabilístico de Monte Carlo. Resultados: Streptococcus pneumoniae origina anualmente en el Área de Salud Valladolid-Este un total de 557,24 casos de enfermedad neumocócica, de los cuales 506,60 episodios son cuadros neumónicos. A partir del tercer año, la vacunación a la población mayor de 65 años es una medida eficiente, con un coste por años de vida ajustados por calidad (AVAC) de 20.496,20 Euros. El número de AVAC ganados en una década es de 86,07 y se evitaría el gasto de 216.252,89 Euros con esta estrategia vacunal. Conclusiones: La evaluación de los diferentes costes incrementales (AVAC y euros) en los años de seguimiento pone de manifiesto que el programa de vacunación frente al neumococo a personas mayores de 65 años en Castilla y León es una medida coste eficiente
Introduction: The burden of disease due to pneumonia in older adults has a major impact on health systems. The aim of this study is to carry out an economic evaluation of the vaccination strategy against Streptococcus pneumoniae using the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Material and methods: A simulated economic model has been developed in the form of a decision tree to evaluate the cost of the vaccination strategy in the population over 65 years of the Valladolid-East Health Area, versus non-vaccination, using a Monte Carlo probabilistic analysis. Results: Streptococcus pneumoniae annually generates 557.24 cases of pneumococcal disease in the Valladolid-East Health Area, and 506.60 episodes have pneumonia symptoms. Vaccination of the cohort over 65 years of age is an efficient measure from the third year, with a cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) of 20,496.20 Euros. The number of QALYs gained in a decade is 86.07 and an amount of 216.252.89 Euros with this vaccination strategy would be saved. Conclusions: The evaluation of the different incremental costs (QALY,euros) in the years of follow-up, the pneumococcus vaccination program in people over 65 in Castilla y León is cost-effective
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Pneumococcal Vaccines/economics , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Vaccination/economics , Community-Acquired Infections/economics , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control , Cost Savings/economics , Decision Trees , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Models, Economic , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/economics , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Spain , Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Conjugate/economicsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The burden of disease due to pneumonia in older adults has a major impact on health systems. The aim of this study is to carry out an economic evaluation of the vaccination strategy against Streptococcus pneumoniae using the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A simulated economic model has been developed in the form of a decision tree to evaluate the cost of the vaccination strategy in the population over 65 years of the Valladolid-East Health Area, versus non-vaccination, using a Monte Carlo probabilistic analysis. RESULTS: Streptococcus pneumoniae annually generates 557.24 cases of pneumococcal disease in the Valladolid-East Health Area, and 506.60 episodes have pneumonia symptoms. Vaccination of the cohort over 65 years of age is an efficient measure from the third year, with a cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) of 20,496.20 . The number of QALYs gained in a decade is 86.07 and an amount of 216.252.89 with this vaccination strategy would be saved. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the different incremental costs (QALY,euros) in the years of follow-up, the pneumococcus vaccination program in people over 65 in Castilla y León is cost-effective.
Subject(s)
Pneumococcal Vaccines/economics , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Vaccination/economics , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/economics , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control , Cost Savings/economics , Decision Trees , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Models, Economic , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/economics , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Spain , Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Conjugate/economicsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , 24966/methods , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Epidemiological Monitoring , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , 24959 , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Consideramos el parto como un proceso fisiológico dentro de la naturaleza y que normalmente, en España, suele acontecer en el medio hospitalario, por lo que pasa a ser un proceso controlado o cuando menos observado. Se considera parto extrahospitalario o de urgencia al que se presenta de forma inesperada y no se ha planeado previamente. Es considerado una emergencia debido a las potenciales complicaciones materno-fetales, y al tener que asistirlo sin las condiciones ideales que nos proporciona un paritorio. El parto es un acontecimiento fisiológico y natural, que en la gran mayoría de los casos nuestra intervención se limitará a la de ser meros "espectadores activos". Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica de la producción científica enfermera hasta el momento actual en las siguientes bases de datos: Cuiden, Pubmed y Liliacs.
We consider birth as a physiological process within nature and that normally, in Spain, it usually happens in the hospital environment, so it becomes a controlled or at least observed process. It is considered extra-hospital or urgent delivery to the one that occurs unexpectedly and has not been previously planned. It is considered an emergency due to the potential maternal-fetal complications, and having to assist it without the ideal conditions that a parlor provides. Childbirth is a physiological and natural event, which in the vast majority of cases our intervention will be limited to being mere "active spectators". A bibliographic search of nursing scientific production has been carried out up to the present time in the following databases: Cuiden, Pubmed and Liliacs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Delivery, Obstetric/nursing , Emergency Medical Services/methods , EmergenciesABSTRACT
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) characterized by reduced alveoli and perturbed matrix remodeling. Previously, our group showed an activation of myofibroblasts and matrix remodeling in rat lungs after IUGR. Because growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) regulate development and growth, we queried 1) whether GH/IGF-I signaling is dysregulated in lungs after IUGR and 2) whether GH/IGF-I signaling is linked to neonatal lung myofibroblast function. IUGR was induced in Wistar rats by isocaloric low-protein diet during gestation. Lungs were obtained at embryonic day (E) 21, postnatal day (P) 3, P12, and P23. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or primary neonatal myofibroblasts from rat lungs of control (pnFCo) and IUGR (pnFIUGR) were used for cell culture studies. In the intrauterine phase (E21), we found a reduction in GH receptor (GH-R), Stat5 signaling and IGF-I expression in lungs after IUGR. In the postnatal phase (P3-P23), catchup growth after IUGR was linked to increased GH mRNA, GH-R protein, activation of proliferative Stat5/Akt signaling, cyclin D1 and PCNA in rat lungs. On P23, a thickening of the alveolar septae was related to increased vimentin and matrix deposition, indicating fibrosis. In cell culture studies, nutrient deprivation blocked GH-R/IGF-IR signaling and proliferation in MEFs; this was reversed by IGF-I. Proliferation and Stat5 activation were increased in pnFIUGR. IGF-I and GH induced proliferation and migration of pnFCo; only IGF-I had these effects on pnFIUGR. Thus, we show a novel mechanism by which the GH/IGF-I axis in lung myofibroblasts could account for structural lung changes after IUGR.
Subject(s)
Fetal Growth Retardation/physiopathology , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Myofibroblasts/pathology , Animals , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Female , Lung/growth & development , Lung/metabolism , Male , Myofibroblasts/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
El nacimiento de un niño es uno de los momentos más maravillosos de la vida. Pocas experiencias pueden compararse con este suceso. Los recién nacidos tienen capacidades sorprendentes y, sin embargo, dependen por completo de los demás en todos los aspectos: alimentación, calor y bienestar. Si existen señales que indican que hay algún problema, puede administrarse el tratamiento indicado en la sala de partos misma. El médico o la partera y otros miembros del equipo del cuidado de la salud trabajan juntos para ayudar a que el bebé elimine el exceso de fluido y comience a respirar. El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer el estado actual de la producción científica enfermera sobre los cuidados de enfermería al Recién Nacido en la sala de partos. Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica de la producción científica enfermera hasta el momento actual en las siguientes bases de datos: Cuiden, Pubmed y Liliacs. Un adecuado Plan de Cuidados de Enfermería al Recién Nacido en la Sala de Partos deberá ir encaminado a Secar, estimular y reposicionar, colocar piel con piel con la madre si es posible, cuidados del cordón umbilical y la placenta.
The birth of a child is one of the most wonderful moments of life. Few experiences can be compared with this event. Newborns have surprising abilities and, nevertheless, depend completely on others in all aspects: food, heat and well-being. If there are signs indicating that there is a problem, the treatment indicated in the delivery room itself can be administered. The doctor or midwife and other members of the health care team work together to help the baby remove excess fluid and start breathing. The general objective of this work is to know the current state of nursing scientific production on nursing care for the Newborn in the delivery room. A bibliographic search of nursing scientific production has been carried out up to the present time in the following databases: Cuiden, Pubmed and Liliacs. An adequate Nursing Care Plan for the Newborn in the Delivery Room should be aimed at drying, stimulating and repositioning, placing skin with skin with the mother if possible, care of the umbilical cord and the placenta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Postnatal Care/standards , Nursing Care/methods , Apgar Score , Delivery RoomsABSTRACT
Un banco de leche materna es un centro especializado en la promoción, el fomento, la recolección y el procesamiento de la lactancia materna, además de concienciar a la sociedad de la importancia y el valor de la lactancia materna, garantizando el suministro de un producto seguro y de alta calidad para aquellos neonatos que lo necesiten, las indicaciones más comunes para prescribir leche de banco son: nutricionales, terapéuticas y preventivas (1). Los bancos de leche benefician: A prematuros o nacidos con bajo peso al nacer. RN infectados. Portadores de deficiencias inmunológicas. Diarrea persistente. Casos excepcionales (2) En los últimos cinco años la cifra de Bancos de Leche Materna ha crecido de forma considerable en todo el mundo, en paralelo con la toma de consciencia de la importancia de leche materna en los bebés de alto riesgo, como para los prematuros, para los que se trata no sólo de un alimento, sino que se podría considerar una medicina. La evidencia científica acumulada a lo largo del siglo XXI, sobre la importancia de la leche materna para la salud y supervivencia de bebés ingresados en unidades neonatales, muy superior a cualquier fórmula específica., el aumento continuado de las tasas de inicio y prevalencia de la lactancia materna a nivel social, junto a la implementación de nuevos modelos sanitarios de atención neonatal ha contribuido a este cambio de tendencia (3). El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer el estado actual de la producción científica enfermera sobre los bancos de leche.
A breast milk bank is a center specialized in the promotion, promotion, collection and processing of breastfeeding, as well as raising awareness of the importance and value of breastfeeding, ensuring the delivery of a safe product and high quality for those infants who need it, the most common indications for prescribing bank milk are: nutritional, therapeutic and preventive (1). Milk banks benefit: A preterm or born with low birth weight. Infected RN. Carriers of deficiencies immunological conditions. Persistent diarrhea. Special cases (2) In the last five years, the number of breast milk banks has grown considerably worldwide, in parallel with the awareness of the importance of breast milk in high-risk babies, as well as premature babies, for whom it is not just a food, but a medicine. The scientific evidence accumulated throughout the twenty-first century, on the importance of breast milk for the health and survival of infants admitted to neonatal units, far superior to any specific formula., The continuous increase of the rates of onset and prevalence of the breastfeeding at the social level, together with the implementation of new health models of neonatal care has contributed to this trend change (3). The general objective of this work is to know the current state of scientific nursing production on milk banks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Feeding , Nursing , Milk BanksABSTRACT
Coaching es un proceso orientado a ayudar a una persona sana. Las preguntas específicas que se hacen se enfocan a los objetivos y a los procesos internos de la persona. El Coaching profesional es un proceso de entrenamiento personalizado y confidencial mediante un gran conjunto de herramientas que ayudan a cubrir el vacío que existe en una persona. En la relación de Coaching el coach ayuda al desarrollo personal elevando la conciencia y generando un mayor nivel de responsabilidad y construyendo la confianza en sí mismo. El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer el estado actual de la producción científica enfermera sobre la figura de coaching de la enfermera en pediatría. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo realizando una revisión bibliográfica hasta el momento actual en las siguientes bases de datos: Cuiden, Liliacs, Cochrane plus, TripDatabase, Cinhal y Pubmed. Se encontraron 89 artículos relacionados con el coaching, pero se desestiman 50 por no estar relacionados con pediatría, quedando tan sólo 39 artículos donde se menciona la figura de enfermería como coach en pediatría. Según el lugar de publicación, 15 (38,46%) de ellos son de Australia, 10 (25,64%)de EEUU, 9 (23,07%) de Japón y 5 (12,82%) de Reino Unido. Según su ámbito de aplicación, 30 (76,92%) están relacionados con la enfermera en el ámbito rural, haciendo hincapié en su labor de educación sanitaria y 9 (23,07%) en medio hospitalario. Se realiza un planning a seguir, con distintas etapas basadas en la educación sanitaria. Dentro de las conclusiones, se puede decir que: El coaching va más allá, no es solamente educación para la salud en pediatría, pretende potenciar habilidades, aptitudes y actitudes del paciente pediátrico y su familia; y facilita el desarrollo al máximo de su potencial fomentando la responsabilidad, autonomía y seguridad del paciente en su día a día, para conseguir sus metas u objetivos.
Coaching is a process aimed at helping a healthy person. The specific questions that are asked focus on the individual's goals and internal processes. Professional coaching is a personalized and confidential training process through a large set of tools that help fill the void that exists in a person. In the Coaching relationship the coach helps personal development by raising awareness and generating a higher level of responsibility and building self confidence The general objective of this work is to know the current state of the scientific production nurse on the coaching figure of the nurse in pediatrics. A descriptive study has been carried out, carrying out a bibliographic review up to the present moment in the following databases: Cuiden, Liliacs, Cochrane plus, TripDatabase, Cinhal and Pubmed. We found 89 articles related to coaching, but 50 are discounted because they are not related to pediatrics, leaving only 39 articles that mention the figure of nursing as coach in pediatrics. According to the place of publication, 15 (38.46%) of them are from Australia, 10 (25.64%) from the United States, 9 (23.07%) from Japan and 5 (12.82%) from the United Kingdom. According to their scope of application, 30 (76.92%) are related to the nurse in rural areas, emphasizing their health education work and 9 (23.07%) in a hospital setting. There is a planning to follow, with different stages based on health education. Within the conclusions, it can be said that: Coaching goes beyond, it is not only health education in pediatrics, it seeks to enhance the abilities, aptitudes and attitudes of the pediatric patient and his family; And facilitates the development to the maximum of its potential by promoting the responsibility, autonomy and safety of the patient in his day to day, to achieve his goals or objectives.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mentoring , Nurses, PediatricABSTRACT
Individuals with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at risk for chronic lung disease. Using a rat model, we showed in our previous studies that altered lung structure is related to IL-6/STAT3 signaling. As neuropeptide Y (NPY), a coneurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, regulates proliferation and immune response, we hypothesized that dysregulated NPY after IUGR is linked to IL-6, impaired myofibroblast function, and alveolar growth. IUGR was induced in rats by isocaloric low-protein diet; lungs were analyzed on embryonic day (E) 21, postnatal day (P) 3, P12, and P23. Finally, primary neonatal lung myofibroblasts (pnF) and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were used to assess proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and IL-6 expression. At E21, NPY and IL-6 expression was decreased, and AKT/PKC and STAT3/AMPKα signaling was reduced. Early reduction of NPY/IL-6 was associated with increased chord length in lungs after IUGR at P3, indicating reduced alveolar formation. At P23, however, IUGR rats exhibited a catch-up of body weight and alveolar growth coupled with more proliferating myofibroblasts. These structural findings after IUGR were linked to activated NPY/PKC, IL-6/AMPKα signaling. Complementary, IUGR-pnF showed increased survival, impaired migration, and reduced IL-6 compared with control-pnF (Co-pnF). In contrast, NPY induced proliferation, migration, and increased IL-6 synthesis in fibroblasts. Additionally, NPY-/- mice showed reduced IL-6 signaling and less proliferation of lung fibroblasts. Our study presents a novel role of NPY during alveolarization: NPY regulates 1) IL-6 and lung STAT3/AMPKα signaling, and 2) proliferation and migration of myofibroblasts. These new insights in pulmonary neuroimmune interaction offer potential strategies to enable lung growth.
Subject(s)
Fetal Growth Retardation/pathology , Lung/growth & development , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Sympathetic Nervous System/immunology , Sympathetic Nervous System/pathology , Adenylate Kinase/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Apoptosis/genetics , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cell Survival/genetics , Diet , Fetal Growth Retardation/immunology , Gene Expression Regulation , Interleukin-6/genetics , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Models, Biological , Myofibroblasts/metabolism , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism , Protein Kinase C/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Signal Transduction/genetics , Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism , Weight GainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to estimate the burden of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia at a tertiary level hospital in the Spanish National Health System. METHODS: A retrospective study which compiles data from the Minimum Data Set using clinical codes of the International Code of Diseases, as well as the hospitalization rate index per thousand inhabitants, the hospitalization rate per thousand population, mortality and fatality rate, using as denominator the demographic data of the population of the Health Area. RESULTS: The discharge of 5758 episodes coded with CIE codes 480 to 486 related to pneumonia, indicates an hospitalization rate of 3.54 people hospitalized per 1000 inhabitants, 65.34 % of all hospital admissions occured in Internal Medicine Services and Pneumology. The average hospital stay per year is 16.63 days. The crude death rate is 69.15 per 100 000 inhabitants and the fatality rate is 19.56 % being higher in adults over 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the current therapeutic and preventive measures, the incidence and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia in adults remains high, which justifies the strengthening and awareness to address new strategies and prevention such as vaccination.
Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la carga de hospitalización por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y neumonía neumocócica en un hospital de nivel terciario del Sistema Nacional de Salud Español. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo en el que se recogen los datos del Conjunto Mínimo de Datos Básicos que usa códigos clínicos del Código Internacional de Enfermedades, asi como el índice de hospitalización por mil habitantes, la tasa de hospitalización por mil habitantes, el índice de mortalidad y la tasa de letalidad, usando como denominador los datos demográficos de la población del Área de Salud. Resultados: la descarga de 5758 episodios codificados con los códigos CIE 480 a 486 relativos a neumonía, señalan un índice de hospitalización de 3.54 personas hospitalizadas por cada 1000 habitantes, 65.34% del total de ingresos hospitalarios se produce en los Servicios de Medicina Interna y de Neumología. La estancia media hospitalaria por año es de 16.63 días. La tasa bruta de mortalidad es de 69.15 cada 100 000 y la tasa de letalidad de 19.56%, siendo más elevadas en adultos mayores de 65 años. Conclusiones: a pesar de las medidas terapéuticas y preventivas actuales, la incidencia y la mortalidad por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos se mantienen elevadas, lo que justifica fortalecer y abordar nuevas estrategias de concienciación y prevención.
Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/therapy , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
El masaje infantil es un arte milenario que además de fortalecer el vínculo entre el bebé y los padres, aporta múltiples beneficios para su desarrollo fisiológico, psicológico y emocional. El masaje al ser algo natural y no precisar de un talento especial hace que sea una opción muy sencilla para lograr el bienestar del recién nacido. La enfermera y la matrona como profesionales sanitarios son capaces con una adecuada formación de enseñar esta técnica a los padres que deseen practicarla. Se realizó un estudio dentro de un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental de tipo exploratorio, transeccional. La población participante en el estudio, estuvo conformada por enfermeros/as que laboran en las consultas de pediatría de Atención Primaria de Ávila. La variable descriptiva está conformada por los conocimientos, experiencias y opiniones de los enfermeros/as de pediatría en Atención Primaria. Según las profesionales, las mayores ventajas es el fortalecimiento de vínculos entre el bebé y quien le facilita el masaje. De las entrevistadas, 26 opinaron que el masaje facilita la relajación; 10 concluyeron que el mayor aporte es en cuanto al manejo del estrés y 14 afirman que contribuye a aliviar el estreñimiento. Dentro de las conclusiones a las que se llegaron, decir que, el Masaje Infantil es una práctica cada vez más valorada en nuestra sociedad, y por lo tanto, una práctica que las madres demandan, además, a través del masaje el bebe conecta con la persona que lo realiza y así se comunica. Esto tiene su importancia porque los profundos vínculos emocionales creados en la infancia son una base perfecta para toda una vida de confianza, seguridad y amor.
The infant massage is an ancient art that, in addition to strengthening the bond between the baby and the parents, brings multiple benefits for their physiological, psychological and emotional development. The massage being natural and not needing a special talent makes it a very simple option to achieve the well-being of the newborn. The nurse and midwife as health professionals are capable with an adequate training to teach this technique to parents who wish to practice it A study was conducted within a quantitative, non-experimental, exploratory, transectional approach. The population participating in the study was made up of nurses who work in the pediatric consultations of Primary Care in Ávila. The descriptive variable is formed by the knowledge, experiences and opinions of the nurses of pediatrics in Primary Care. According to professionals, the greatest advantages is the strengthening of bonds between the baby and the one who facilitates the massage. Of the interviewees, 26 thought that massage facilitates relaxation; 10 concluded that the greatest contribution is in terms of stress management and 14 say that it contributes to relieve constipation. Within the conclusions reached, say that, Infant Massage is a practice increasingly valued in our society, and therefore, a practice that mothers demand, in addition, through massage the baby connects with the Person who performs it and thus communicates. This is important because the deep emotional bonds created in childhood are a perfect foundation for a lifetime of trust, security and love.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Infant, Newborn , Attitude of Health Personnel , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Physical Stimulation/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Massage/nursing , Primary Health Care , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Se denominan cuidadores informales a las personas que no son ni profesionales ni técnicos que realizan la tarea de cuidado de personas enfermas, discapacitadas o ancianas que no pueden valerse por sí mismas para la realización de actividades de la vida diaria (aseo, alimentación, etc.), administración de tratamientos o concurrencia a los servicios de salud, entre otras. Los Enfermeros reciben formación específica para ofrecer cuidados a la población a través de la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. A efectos reales, sigue siendo la familia, sin haber manifestado explícitamente su deseo de hacerlo, la encargada principal de los cuidados, la que mayores recursos de salud aporta a la situación de dependencia que presenta el paciente y la que asume la responsabilidad del mantenimiento y el desarrollo de la persona dependiente que reside en el hogar. El interés de un enfoque de género es claro: la elevada feminización, tarea que supone el desempeño de un rol tradicional, merma de participación social y autonomía de las cuidadoras. El Objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer el perfil de los cuidadores informales y si este trabajo agregado a sus tareas cotidianas es causa de aparición de Burnout. Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo mediante una encuesta estandarizada, normatizada y anónima que incluyó la Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit y un cuestionario realizado por la investigadora. Se trabajó con 100 participantes. Se llegó a los siguientes resultados: un porcentaje elevado de cuidadores informales (85%) son mujeres; un 68% de estos cuidadores padecen síndrome de Burnout; aquellos cuidadores que asistían a programas de ayuda registraron menores niveles de Burnout; sólo el 25 % recibe terapia de apoyo
It is called "informal caregivers" to non professional persons who perform the task of caring for sick, disabled or elderly people who can not fend for themselves to perform activities of daily living (toilet, food ...) administering treatments or go to health services, among others. Nurses receive specific training to provide informal care to the population through direct primary care, health promotion and disease prevention. As real effects, remains the family, without explicitly expressed their desire to do so, the principal in charge of care, which major health resources contributes to the dependency of the patient and who takes responsibility for the maintenance and development of the dependent persons living at home. The interest of a gender perspective is clear: its high feminization, task involved the performance of a traditional role, loss of social participation and autonomy of carers. The objective of this research is to know the profile of informal caregivers and if this work added to their daily tasks causes appearance of Burnout. The author used a cross-sectional qualitative study, using a standardized, normatized and anonymous survey that included Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and questionnaire made by the researcher. There were 100 participants. The author came to the following results: a fairly high percentage (85%) of caregivers are women compared to male; 68% of these caregivers suffers Burnout Syndrome; those caretakers who attended assistance programs recorded lower levels than those who did not attend such programs; only 25% receives supportive therapy
São denominados cuidadores informais as pessoas que não são profissionais nem profissionais técnicos, e que realizam a tarefa de cuidado de pessoas doentes, deficientes ou idosos que não podem valer-se por si mesmos para a realização das atividades da vida diária (higiene, alimentação etc.), administração de tratamentos ou comparecimento aos serviços de saúde, entre outras. Os Enfermeiros recebem formação específica para oferecer cuidados à população através da promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença. A todos os efeitos, a família continua sendo a encarregada dos cuidados, sem ter manifestado explicitamente seu desejo de fazê-lo, contribuindo com os maiores recursos de saúde para a situação de dependência que o paciente apresenta e assumindo a responsabilidade da manutenção e o desenvolvimento da pessoa dependente que reside no lar. O interesse de um enfoque de gênero é claro: a elevada feminização, tarefa que supõe o desempenho de um papel tradicional, a diminuição da participação social e a autonomia das cuidadoras. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é conhecer o perfil dos cuidadores informais e se este trabalho, além da suas tarefas cotidianas, é causa de aparecimento de burnout. Com essa finalidade, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo mediante pesquisa padronizada, normatizada e anônima que incluiu a Escala de Sobrecarga do Cuidador de Zarit e um questionário realizado pela pesquisadora. Participaram na pesquisa 100 indivíduos. Os resultados concluíram que uma porcentagem elevada de cuidadores informais (85%) são mulheres; 68% desses cuidadores padece Síndrome de Burnout; aqueles cuidadores que assistiram a programas de ajuda registraram menores níveis de burnout; só 25 % recebe terapia de apoio
Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional , Caregivers , Gender Identity , Gender and HealthABSTRACT
El Método Canguro se define como la atención a los bebés prematuros, manteniéndolos en contacto piel a piel con su madre/padre. El contacto estrecho entre la madre y su bebé recién nacido (RN) es la norma biológica de la especie humana. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflejar el conocimiento científico sobre la práctica del Método Canguro y a partir de este conocimiento elaborar un plan de cuidados enfocado en ello; para ello, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de documentos del estado actual de la producción científica enfermera en la práctica del Método Canguro. Dicha revisión, se ha basado en la búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: Cuiden, Pubmed, Cochrane Plus, Liliacs y Medline. Más de dos décadas de aplicación e investigación han dejado claro que el método madre canguro constituye algo más que una alternativa a los cuidados en incubadora. Los claros beneficios para los bebés del método canguro, dieron paso a los beneficios para cualquier bebé. Es importante aportar toda la información sanitaria sobre el método canguro, dar a conocer a los padres todos los beneficios que aporta a su hijo, para ello la educación sanitaria en este campo es fundamental. Las conclusiones a las que se llega tras la lectura de todos los artículos es que el método canguro, se trata de un método eficaz y fácil de aplicar que fomenta la salud y el bienestar tanto, de los recién nacidos prematuros como de los nacidos a término; además, el personal de enfermería desempeña un papel importante en su educación sanitaria para implicar a los padres, eliminando las barreras y fomentando la aplicación de esta técnica.
Kangaroo care is defined as care for premature babies, keeping skin to skin contact with their mother / father. The close contact between the mother and her newborn baby (RN) is the biological norm of the human species. The aim of this work is to reflect scientific knowledge on the practice of Kangaroo Method and from this knowledge develop a plan of care focused on it; for this, there has been a literature review documents the current state of nursing scientific production in practice the Kangaroo Method. Such review was based on the search in the following databases: Cuiden, Pubmed, Cochrane, and Medline Liliacs. More than two decades of implementation and research have made it clear that KMC is more than an alternative to incubator care. The clear benefits for babies Kangaroo method, gave way to the benefits for any baby. It is important to provide all health information on KMC, give all the benefits your child to the parents, for this health educcaión in this field is essential. The conclusions that can be reached after reading all the articles is that the kangaroo method is an effective and easy method of applying that promotes health and well-being both of preterm infants as those born at term; Additional nursing staff plays an important role in their health education to involve parents by removing barriers and encouraging the use of this technique.