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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 53(4): e20210907, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1394265

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniosis is a great public health problem affecting both humans and animals. The disease is caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp., which has a complex cycle involving a phlebotomine vector. The ELISA test (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) along with a chromatographic immunoassay was defined by the Brazil Health Ministry as the confirmatory screening protocol in 2011. Uruguaiana city is 630 km away from Porto Alegre, which makes it difficult to send samples and diagnose leishmaniasis, as well as receive quick results. In view of this, the present study evaluated an in-house indirect ELISA method compared to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and dual-path platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP-BioManguinhos®) for the detection of an immune response to Leishmania spp. in canine species. The serological evaluation included 48 canines from the western border of Brazil (Uruguaiana and Barra do Quaraí city). Among the 48 canine samples tested, 18 were positive when using the ELISA technique, 19 were positive with IFA, and 17 were positive with rapid test DPP®. The ELISA technique showed a sensitivity/specificity of 83.3%/86.7% when compared to IFA and 100%/96.8% compared to DPP®. The present study showed a prevalence of 37.5%, demonstrating that the infection circulates in the studied population. It can be concluded that the ELISA technique was valuable for use in field conditions when performing screening tests in endemic areas.


RESUMO: A leishmaniose é um grande problema de saúde pública que afeta tanto humanos quanto animais. A doença é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania spp., que possui um ciclo complexo envolvendo um vetor flebotomíneo. O teste ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), juntamente com um imunoensaio cromatográfico, foi definido pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil como protocolo de triagem confirmatória em 2011. A cidade de Uruguaiana fica a 630 km de Porto Alegre, o que dificulta o envio de amostras e o diagnóstico da leishmaniose, além da demora para obter os resultados. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um método de ELISA indireto in-house comparado ao ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) e imunoensaio cromatográfico de plataforma de dupla via (DPP-BioManguinhos®) para a detecção de uma resposta imune contra Leishmania spp. na espécie canina. A avaliação sorológica incluiu 48 caninos da fronteira oeste do Brasil (cidade de Uruguaiana e Barra do Quaraí). Das 48 amostras caninas testadas, 18 foram positivas na técnica de ELISA, 19 foram positivas com IFA e 17 foram positivas com o teste rápido DPP®. A técnica de ELISA apresentou sensibilidade/especificidade de 83,3%/86,7% quando comparada ao IFA e 100%/96,8% em relação ao DPP®. O presente estudo apresentou prevalência de 37,5%, demonstrando que a infecção circula na população estudada. Pode-se concluir que a técnica de ELISA foi valiosa para uso em condições de campo na realização de testes de triagem em áreas endêmicas.

2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 53(4): 1-7, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1412797

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniosis is a great public health problem affecting both humans and animals. The disease is caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp., which has a complex cycle involving a phlebotomine vector. The ELISA test (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) along with a chromatographic immunoassay was defined by the Brazil Health Ministry as the confirmatory screening protocol in 2011. Uruguaiana city is 630 km away from Porto Alegre, which makes it difficult to send samples and diagnose leishmaniasis, as well as receive quick results. In view of this, the present study evaluated an in-house indirect ELISA method compared to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and dual-path platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP-BioManguinhos®) for the detection of an immune response to Leishmania spp. in canine species. The serological evaluation included 48 canines from the western border of Brazil (Uruguaiana and Barra do Quaraí city). Among the 48 canine samples tested, 18 were positive when using the ELISA technique, 19 were positive with IFA, and 17 were positive with rapid test DPP®. The ELISA technique showed a sensitivity/specificity of 83.3%/86.7% when compared to IFA and 100%/96.8% compared to DPP®. The present study showed a prevalence of 37.5%, demonstrating that the infection circulates in the studied population. It can be concluded that the ELISA technique was valuable for use in field conditions when performing screening tests in endemic areas.


A leishmaniose é um grande problema de saúde pública que afeta tanto humanos quanto animais. A doença é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania spp., que possui um ciclo complexo envolvendo um vetor flebotomíneo. O teste ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), juntamente com um imunoensaio cromatográfico, foi definido pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil como protocolo de triagem confirmatória em 2011. A cidade de Uruguaiana fica a 630 km de Porto Alegre, o que dificulta o envio de amostras e o diagnóstico da leishmaniose, além da demora para obter os resultados. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um método de ELISA indireto in-house comparado ao ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) e imunoensaio cromatográfico de plataforma de dupla via (DPP-BioManguinhos®) para a detecção de uma resposta imune contra Leishmania spp. na espécie canina. A avaliação sorológica incluiu 48 caninos da fronteira oeste do Brasil (cidade de Uruguaiana e Barra do Quaraí). Das 48 amostras caninas testadas, 18 foram positivas na técnica de ELISA, 19 foram positivas com IFA e 17 foram positivas com o teste rápido DPP®. A técnica de ELISA apresentou sensibilidade/especificidade de 83,3%/86,7% quando comparada ao IFA e 100%/96,8% em relação ao DPP®. O presente estudo apresentou prevalência de 37,5%, demonstrando que a infecção circula na população estudada. Pode-se concluir que a técnica de ELISA foi valiosa para uso em condições de campo na realização de testes de triagem em áreas endêmicas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Public Health , Dog Diseases , Leishmania/pathogenicity
3.
Parasitol Res ; 121(11): 3269-3273, 2022 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36121564

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been expanding and urbanizing, mainly in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoirs of VL in urban areas, the present study aimed to evaluate the propagation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) infection from an unaffected region in transition to a VL transmission area. For this, 1159 and 1087 samples of canine serum from 2015 and 2021, respectively, were analyzed, using the indirect immunofluorescence test. In addition, necropsy reports between 2007 and 2021 were evaluated. The results showed a prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies of 7.5% in the samples from 2015, while in 2021 samples, it was 23.5%, with an incidence of 0.4 cases per 100 dogs. It is noteworthy that in 2007, there was no record of CVL as the cause of death in the pathological reports, and in 2021, 41 diagnoses were made with the protozoan being a determinant of the death of the animal. These values indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence and incidence coefficients of CVL. The results of this study allowed us to verify the spread of the disease from an unaffected region to a transmission area of the agent, as well as provide subsidies for health authorities to implement improvements in the CVL control program in the municipality, to mitigate the emergence of human cases of the disease.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Leishmania infantum , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Leishmaniasis , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary
4.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 31(3): e005222, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35858013

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to characterize Leishmania spp. from canine and feline samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). It was conducted in the southern region of Brazil, located at border crossings to Argentina and Uruguay. Samples were collected from 116 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and 89 cats (Felis catus). The PCR was performed to screen for an LT1 fragment from kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) target gene, and positive samples were subjected to a second PCR for an internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) region from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) target. RFLP was performed using the Haemophilus aegyptius (HAE III) restriction endonuclease (Fermentas ®). Positive samples by PCR ITS1 were sequenced and deposited in NCBI GenBank, and a phylogenetic analysis was developed. We found that 12.9% (15/116) of the samples from dogs were positive. All the 89 cat samples were negative. Positive samples were tested against Leishmania reference strains presenting different patterns in PCR-RFLP, and these samples showed bands denoting similarity to the standard species of Leishmania infantum, proven through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The RFLP technique, alone, was shown to be feasible for practical application and confirmation of the involved Leishmania spp.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Dog Diseases , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Brazil , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cats , DNA, Kinetoplast/genetics , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dogs , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
5.
Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. (Online) ; 31(3): e005222, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1381752

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to characterize Leishmania spp. from canine and feline samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). It was conducted in the southern region of Brazil, located at border crossings to Argentina and Uruguay. Samples were collected from 116 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and 89 cats (Felis catus). The PCR was performed to screen for an LT1 fragment from kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) target gene, and positive samples were subjected to a second PCR for an internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) region from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) target. RFLP was performed using the Haemophilus aegyptius (HAE III) restriction endonuclease (Fermentas ®). Positive samples by PCR ITS1 were sequenced and deposited in NCBI GenBank, and a phylogenetic analysis was developed. We found that 12.9% (15/116) of the samples from dogs were positive. All the 89 cat samples were negative. Positive samples were tested against Leishmania reference strains presenting different patterns in PCR-RFLP, and these samples showed bands denoting similarity to the standard species of Leishmania infantum, proven through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The RFLP technique, alone, was shown to be feasible for practical application and confirmation of the involved Leishmania spp.(AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar espécies de Leishmania em amostras de caninos e felinos, utilizando-se a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR)- polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmento de restrição (RFLP). O estudo foi realizado na região de fronteira no sul do Brasil, divisa com Argentina e Uruguai. Amostras foram coletadas de 116 cães (Canis lupus familiaris) e 89 gatos (Felis catus). A PCR foi realizada com o gene alvo do fragmento LT1 do DNA do cinetoplasto (kDNA) para triagem e, as amostras positivas foram submetidas a uma segunda PCR com alvo ITS1 no DNA ribossomal (rDNA). O RFLP foi realizado com a endonuclease de restrição Haemophilus aegyptius (HAE III) (Fermentas ®). As sequências positivas no PCR-ITS1 foram depositadas no NCBI GenBank, além disso, a análise filogenética foi realizada. Foram detectadas 12,9% (15/116) amostras positivas em cães. Das 89 amostras de gatos todas foram negativas. Cepas de referência de Leishmania, com padrões diferentes na PCR-RFLP, e amostras positivas apresentaram similaridade das bandas com as espécies padrão de Leishmania infantum, o que foi comprovado no sequenciamento e análise filogenética. A técnica de RFLP, sozinha, demonstrou viabilidade para a aplicação prática e a confirmação das espécies de Leishmania spp. envolvidas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis/instrumentation , Leishmania/classification , Argentina , Uruguay , Border Areas , Brazil
6.
BMC Vet Res ; 17(1): 330, 2021 Oct 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34649576

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Leishmaniases are on the top of the global list of tropical neglected diseases. The number of infected dogs in South America is estimated in millions and correlated to disease cases in humans, especially in Brazil. Equines may get infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk and protective factors of leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania spp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. Epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine (22) and equine (91), totalizing 113 samples was collected. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen positive samples (19/113 - 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting infected, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of Leishmania infection in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influenced by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremely relevant in the leishmaniases prevention.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/parasitology , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Horses , Hygiene , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Rural Population
7.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 41(1): 199-212, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501711

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic Leishmania species. In the New World, especially in Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum. The pathogen can infect several animal species including dogs, foxes, rodents, primates, felines, equines and humans. Dogs act as the primary domestic reservoirs. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Leishmania infection in horses living in a canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) endemic region. DNA samples from horse peripheral blood were used to perform PCR. Templates were amplified using primers for the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles, which were able to detect different species of Leishmania. In addition, primers for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA were used for detection of Trypanosomatidae sp. Amongst the 75 (39%) positive PCR samples from total 192 samples, 21 samples were positive for kDNA and 63 samples were positive for either ITS, ITS1, or ITS2 gene markers. The kDNA PCR and sequencing allowed the detection of L. infantum in horse blood samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of equine infection with L. infantum in Southern Brazil. These results proved that L. infantum could also infect horses in addition to humans and dogs, as well as in European countries. This conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to follow up investigation of the infection in these animals.


A leishmaniose é uma doença zoonótica negligenciada, causada por uma diversidade de espécies patogênicas de Leishmania. No Novo Mundo, especialmente no Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum. A infecção acomete várias espécies animais (cães, raposas, roedores, primatas, felinos, equinos) e humanos e o cão é o principal reservatório doméstico. Este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar a infecção por Leishmania sp. em cavalos que vivem em uma região endêmica para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Amostras de DNA do sangue periférico de equinos foram utilizadas para extração de DNA e PCR. As amplificações foram realizadas utilizando-se marcadores para a região do DNA do cinetoplasto (kDNA), que são capazes de detectar diferentes espécies de Leishmania sp. e a região dos espaçadores internos transcritos (ITS) do DNA ribossomal para detecção da família Trypanosomatidae. Dentre os 192 animais testados, 75 (39%) amostras foram positivas no PCR, 21 amostras foram positivas para PCR kDNA e 63 para os genes ITS, ITS1 e ITS2. O sequenciamento dos amplicons permitiu detectar L. infantum em amostras de sangue periférico de equinos. Este foi o primeiro relato de infecção por L. infantum no sul do Brasil na espécie equina. Os resultados demonstram que, assim como nos países europeus, a infecção foi detectada em equinos após ter sido identificada em seres humanos e cães, o que indica a urgência em acompanhar a investigação da infecção nessa espécie animal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
8.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 41(1): 199-212, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-27368

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic Leishmania species. In the New World, especially in Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum. The pathogen can infect several animal species including dogs, foxes, rodents, primates, felines, equines and humans. Dogs act as the primary domestic reservoirs. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Leishmania infection in horses living in a canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) endemic region. DNA samples from horse peripheral blood were used to perform PCR. Templates were amplified using primers for the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles, which were able to detect different species of Leishmania. In addition, primers for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA were used for detection of Trypanosomatidae sp. Amongst the 75 (39%) positive PCR samples from total 192 samples, 21 samples were positive for kDNA and 63 samples were positive for either ITS, ITS1, or ITS2 gene markers. The kDNA PCR and sequencing allowed the detection of L. infantum in horse blood samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of equine infection with L. infantum in Southern Brazil. These results proved that L. infantum could also infect horses in addition to humans and dogs, as well as in European countries. This conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to follow up investigation of the infection in these animals.(AU)


A leishmaniose é uma doença zoonótica negligenciada, causada por uma diversidade de espécies patogênicas de Leishmania. No Novo Mundo, especialmente no Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum. A infecção acomete várias espécies animais (cães, raposas, roedores, primatas, felinos, equinos) e humanos e o cão é o principal reservatório doméstico. Este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar a infecção por Leishmania sp. em cavalos que vivem em uma região endêmica para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Amostras de DNA do sangue periférico de equinos foram utilizadas para extração de DNA e PCR. As amplificações foram realizadas utilizando-se marcadores para a região do DNA do cinetoplasto (kDNA), que são capazes de detectar diferentes espécies de Leishmania sp. e a região dos espaçadores internos transcritos (ITS) do DNA ribossomal para detecção da família Trypanosomatidae. Dentre os 192 animais testados, 75 (39%) amostras foram positivas no PCR, 21 amostras foram positivas para PCR kDNA e 63 para os genes ITS, ITS1 e ITS2. O sequenciamento dos amplicons permitiu detectar L. infantum em amostras de sangue periférico de equinos. Este foi o primeiro relato de infecção por L. infantum no sul do Brasil na espécie equina. Os resultados demonstram que, assim como nos países europeus, a infecção foi detectada em equinos após ter sido identificada em seres humanos e cães, o que indica a urgência em acompanhar a investigação da infecção nessa espécie animal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Leishmania infantum , Horses , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis
9.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 67(2): 476-480, 2020 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31536676

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonotic disease identified especially in developing territories. Brazil's northeast, southeast and midwest have been endemic for several years; currently, the infection is spreading to the south. Dogs are the main reservoirs; however, other mammal species have also been infected. Herein, we have identified the infecting Leishmania species in dogs and horses from the south of Brazil, a new outbreak of the infection. Blood samples were collected in the urban area of Uruguaiana city. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Out of 123 samples, 25 of them (14 dogs and 11 horses) were positive for Leishmania spp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the kDNA in positive samples was similar to four species previously reported: L. infantum/L. chagasi, L. donovani, L. major. Despite kDNA minicircles regions are very useful due to high sensitivity to Leishmania spp. DNA detection, the sequence polymorphism among minicircles can be an obstacle to interspecific differentiation. Our results suggest that these strains are circulating in Brazil south region cross-border and indicate the susceptibility of new outbreak for visceral leishmaniasis infection in horses domiciled in endemic region for canine and human visceral leishmaniasis.


Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmania donovani/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Kinetoplast/genetics , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dogs , Female , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Horses , Humans , Leishmania donovani/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Male , Mammals , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Sequence Alignment/veterinary , Zoonoses/parasitology
10.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 41(6): 2687-2694, nov.-dez. 2020. mapas
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1372110

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly vector. Although the main reservoirs are dogs, other hosts can be infected and may play this role. Rio Grande do Sul western region, located on the triple border of Brazil-Uruguay-Argentina, represents a VL transmission area. The goal of the present study was to identify Leishmania spp. infection in animals from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nine farms in the Uruguaiana municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 113 animals (canine [n=22], equine [n=91]) for detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction was performed. Eight (7%) animals with Leishmania spp. infection were detected on two farms in the same geographical area, seven of which were horses and one was canine, all of which were asymptomatic. To investigate the species of Leishmania, one of the positive equine samples was subjected to direct sequencing, which confirmed the presence of L. infantum genetic material. Results of this study confirm the presence of L. infantum-infected animals in rural areas of Uruguaiana, and provide evidence supporting further investigation of risk factors for dissemination in such áreas.(AU)


A leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. A doença é transmitida pela picada de um vetor flebotomíneo. Os principais reservatórios são cães, porém outros mamíferos podem se infectar e desempenhar esse papel. A região oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, localizada na tríplice fronteira Brasil-Uruguai-Argentina, representa uma área de transmissão para a leishmaniose visceral. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a infecção por Leishmania spp. em animais de áreas rurais de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nove fazendas do município de Uruguaiana, no Rio Grande do Sul, and foram incluídas. O sangue periférico foi coletado de 113 animais, caninos (n = 22) e equinos (n = 91), para a pesquisa de DNA de Leishmania spp. por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Oito animais infectados por Leishmania spp. (7%) foram detectados em duas fazendas na mesma área geográfica, sete equinos e um canino. Todos eles eram assintomáticos. Para investigar as espécies de Leishmania, uma das amostras positivas da espécie equina, também foi submetida ao sequenciamento e a presença de material genético de L. infantum foi confirmada. Este estudo garante a existência de animais infectados por Leishmania infantum nas áreas rurais de Uruguaiana e evidencia a importância de estudos para investigar os fatores de risco de disseminação nestes locais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis , Polymerase Chain Reaction
11.
BMC Vet Res ; 15(1): 381, 2019 Oct 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31666069

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniosis, zoonosis that produces significant public health impacts, is caused by Leishmania infantum. Canines are the main domestic reservoir and, besides humans, other species of mammals could be infected when living in endemic areas. In this study, we detected equine Leishmania infantum infections in a canine visceral leishmaniosis transmission area and evaluated the clinical, haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress disorders. This study was conducted in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 124 animals (98 horses and 26 dogs) of both genders and several breeds after they underwent general and dermatologic examinations. RESULTS: Twenty five Leishmania infantum infected animals (20.16%), 14 horses and 11 dogs were detected by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification of kinetoplast DNA regions with 96% homology to Leishmania infantum (GenBank Accession No. L 19877.1). The clinical and haematological alterations of infected equines were skin lesions, nodules, lymphadenopathy, decreased levels in red blood cells and haematocrit (p < 0.05) and increase in urea serum concentration (p < 0.05), while CVL presented a decrease in red blood cells counts (p < 0.05), increase in lymphocytes (p < 0.05), and decrease in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress markers of plasma protein carbonyl and plasma lipid peroxidation were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) in both species. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this has been the first leishmaniosis equine survey performed in south of Brazil, caused by Leishmania infantum that were able to initially identify haematological and biochemical changes in the species, even in asymptomatic animals. We present evidence supporting those findings of haematological and biochemical changes could be related to infection. Surprisingly, the clinical manifestations of equine infection were similar to those found in canine visceral leishmaniosis. The equine population could be play an important role in the cycle of leishmaniosis in south Brazil and consequently indicates a great risk of public health. This evaluation of infected animals is important to establish the clinical and laboratory parameters involved in the disease progression.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/parasitology , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Kinetoplast/genetics , Dog Diseases/blood , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Horse Diseases/blood , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Horses , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Zoonoses
12.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 39(1): 211-220, jan.-fev. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501070

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas with higher seroprevalence of it in Uruguaiana city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, during the year of 2012. A semi-structured questionnaire with socioeconomic and environmental questions was applied in Leishmania endemic regions of the city. The survey data were analyzed by multivariate statistics and the associations between them were presented as odds ratio within a 95% confidence limit. The relationships between the studied variables showed no statistically significant difference between the dwellings with positive and negative dogs. However, when analyzing the odds ratio, the presence of green areas larger than 10m² turned the house into an area of potential risk for CVL (OR= 2.53). There was no difference among the socioeconomic variables education and income, though the groups with lower education and income showed a higher seroprevalence of CVL. The city of Uruguaiana is already located within the CVL broadcasting area and is taken as an endemic region of the disease, with seropositive dogs in all neighborhoods. Thus, the determinants for an increased Leishmania sp. infection could not be indicated, even so, the maintenance of green areas around the households represented a risk factor for being a potential vector shelter.


O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar potenciais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em áreas de maior prevalência no município de Uruguaiana/RS, no ano de 2012. Foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados com questões socioeconômicas e ambientais em bairros endêmicos para LVC no município de Uruguaiana. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise multivariada e as associações entre as variáveis foram expressas em odds ratio com intervalos de confiança de 95%. As relações entre as variáveis estudadas não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa quando se comparou residências com cães positivos àquelas com cães negativos. Entretanto, a presença de área verde maior que 10m² apresentou-se como um potencial fator de risco (OR = 2,53) para LVC. Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis socioeconômicas, escolaridade e renda embora, nos grupos de menor escolaridade e de menor renda familiar, tenha havido maior soro prevalência para LVC. O município de Uruguaiana-RS já pertence à área de transmissão de LVC tornando-se uma região endêmica da doença, com presença de cães soropositivos em todos os bairros. Desta forma, não foi possível apontar os determinantes para o aumento da infecção por Leishmania sp, embora a manutenção de áreas verdes peridomiciliares tenha representado um fator de risco devido à conservação do vetor nesses locais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Neglected Diseases/veterinary , Risk Factors , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/etiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Brazil , Socioeconomic Factors
13.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 39(1): 211-220, jan.-fev. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-728479

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas with higher seroprevalence of it in Uruguaiana city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, during the year of 2012. A semi-structured questionnaire with socioeconomic and environmental questions was applied in Leishmania endemic regions of the city. The survey data were analyzed by multivariate statistics and the associations between them were presented as odds ratio within a 95% confidence limit. The relationships between the studied variables showed no statistically significant difference between the dwellings with positive and negative dogs. However, when analyzing the odds ratio, the presence of green areas larger than 10m² turned the house into an area of potential risk for CVL (OR= 2.53). There was no difference among the socioeconomic variables education and income, though the groups with lower education and income showed a higher seroprevalence of CVL. The city of Uruguaiana is already located within the CVL broadcasting area and is taken as an endemic region of the disease, with seropositive dogs in all neighborhoods. Thus, the determinants for an increased Leishmania sp. infection could not be indicated, even so, the maintenance of green areas around the households represented a risk factor for being a potential vector shelter.(AU)


O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar potenciais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em áreas de maior prevalência no município de Uruguaiana/RS, no ano de 2012. Foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados com questões socioeconômicas e ambientais em bairros endêmicos para LVC no município de Uruguaiana. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise multivariada e as associações entre as variáveis foram expressas em odds ratio com intervalos de confiança de 95%. As relações entre as variáveis estudadas não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa quando se comparou residências com cães positivos àquelas com cães negativos. Entretanto, a presença de área verde maior que 10m² apresentou-se como um potencial fator de risco (OR = 2,53) para LVC. Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis socioeconômicas, escolaridade e renda embora, nos grupos de menor escolaridade e de menor renda familiar, tenha havido maior soro prevalência para LVC. O município de Uruguaiana-RS já pertence à área de transmissão de LVC tornando-se uma região endêmica da doença, com presença de cães soropositivos em todos os bairros. Desta forma, não foi possível apontar os determinantes para o aumento da infecção por Leishmania sp, embora a manutenção de áreas verdes peridomiciliares tenha representado um fator de risco devido à conservação do vetor nesses locais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/etiology , Neglected Diseases/veterinary , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil
14.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 38(1): 317-320, jan.-fev. 2017.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-24769

ABSTRACT

Miscrosporum nanum is a dermatophyte found in swine that causes non-pruritic lesions with desquamation, alopecia, and circular characteristics. M. nanum infection in dogs is rare and poorly understood in terms of its epidemiological and clinical features, and its therapeutic response. The present report describes a case of dermatophytosis due to M. nanum in a Dogo Argentino breed of dog that was used for wild boar hunting. The dermatophytosis presented with hypotrichosis, erythema, and non-pruritic desquamation in the back of the neck and chest area. The dermatophytosis was responsive to systemic treatment with itraconazole and topical (miconazole 2%) for 60 days. Thus, we conclude that the practice of hunting wild boar should be considered as a possible source of infection of M. nanum in the reported dog. The M. nanum infection showed clinical features that were similar to the lesions observed in swine, except for the absence of the circular pattern, and showed a good clinical response to the therapy. Finally, M. nanum should be considered as an etiologic agent of dermatophytosis in dogs that in some manner have had direct contact with domestic or wild swine.(AU)


O Miscrosporum nanum é um dermatófito encontrado em suídeos, promovendo lesões não pruriginosas, com características descamativas, alopécicas e circulares. A infecção de cães é rara e pouco compreendida em seus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever um caso de dermatofitose por M. nanum em um cão Dogo Argentino, utilizado na prática de caça à javali, apresentando hipotricose, eritema e descamação não pruriginosa da região dorsal do pescoço e tórax, responsivo ao tratamento sistêmico com itraconazol, associado ao tópico (miconazol 2%), durante 60 dias. Desta forma, concluímos que a prática de caça à suínos selvagens deve ser considerada a possível fonte de infecção de M. nanum no cão relatado, o qual apresentou características clínicas semelhantes às lesões observadas em suínos, exceto pela ausência do padrão circular, com boa resposta clínica à terapia empregada. Por fim, o M. nanum deve ser considerado como agente etiológico da dermatofitose em cães que, de alguma forma, possuam contato direto com suídeos domésticos ou selvagens.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Tinea/microbiology , Microsporum/classification , Dogs/microbiology
15.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 38(1): 317-320, 2017.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1433469

ABSTRACT

Miscrosporum nanum is a dermatophyte found in swine that causes non-pruritic lesions with desquamation, alopecia, and circular characteristics. M. nanum infection in dogs is rare and poorly understood in terms of its epidemiological and clinical features, and its therapeutic response. The present report describes a case of dermatophytosis due to M. nanum in a Dogo Argentino breed of dog that was used for wild boar hunting. The dermatophytosis presented with hypotrichosis, erythema, and non-pruritic desquamation in the back of the neck and chest area. The dermatophytosis was responsive to systemic treatment with itraconazole and topical (miconazole 2%) for 60 days. Thus, we conclude that the practice of hunting wild boar should be considered as a possible source of infection of M. nanum in the reported dog. The M. nanum infection showed clinical features that were similar to the lesions observed in swine, except for the absence of the circular pattern, and showed a good clinical response to the therapy. Finally, M. nanum should be considered as an etiologic agent of dermatophytosis in dogs that in some manner have had direct contact with domestic or wild swine.


O Miscrosporum nanum é um dermatófito encontrado em suídeos, promovendo lesões não pruriginosas, com características descamativas, alopécicas e circulares. A infecção de cães é rara e pouco compreendida em seus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever um caso de dermatofitose por M. nanum em um cão Dogo Argentino, utilizado na prática de caça à javali, apresentando hipotricose, eritema e descamação não pruriginosa da região dorsal do pescoço e tórax, responsivo ao tratamento sistêmico com itraconazol, associado ao tópico (miconazol 2%), durante 60 dias. Desta forma, concluímos que a prática de caça à suínos selvagens deve ser considerada a possível fonte de infecção de M. nanum no cão relatado, o qual apresentou características clínicas semelhantes às lesões observadas em suínos, exceto pela ausência do padrão circular, com boa resposta clínica à terapia empregada. Por fim, o M. nanum deve ser considerado como agente etiológico da dermatofitose em cães que, de alguma forma, possuam contato direto com suídeos domésticos ou selvagens.

16.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 38(1): 317-320, 2017.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-744568

ABSTRACT

Miscrosporum nanum is a dermatophyte found in swine that causes non-pruritic lesions with desquamation, alopecia, and circular characteristics. M. nanum infection in dogs is rare and poorly understood in terms of its epidemiological and clinical features, and its therapeutic response. The present report describes a case of dermatophytosis due to M. nanum in a Dogo Argentino breed of dog that was used for wild boar hunting. The dermatophytosis presented with hypotrichosis, erythema, and non-pruritic desquamation in the back of the neck and chest area. The dermatophytosis was responsive to systemic treatment with itraconazole and topical (miconazole 2%) for 60 days. Thus, we conclude that the practice of hunting wild boar should be considered as a possible source of infection of M. nanum in the reported dog. The M. nanum infection showed clinical features that were similar to the lesions observed in swine, except for the absence of the circular pattern, and showed a good clinical response to the therapy. Finally, M. nanum should be considered as an etiologic agent of dermatophytosis in dogs that in some manner have had direct contact with domestic or wild swine.


O Miscrosporum nanum é um dermatófito encontrado em suídeos, promovendo lesões não pruriginosas, com características descamativas, alopécicas e circulares. A infecção de cães é rara e pouco compreendida em seus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever um caso de dermatofitose por M. nanum em um cão Dogo Argentino, utilizado na prática de caça à javali, apresentando hipotricose, eritema e descamação não pruriginosa da região dorsal do pescoço e tórax, responsivo ao tratamento sistêmico com itraconazol, associado ao tópico (miconazol 2%), durante 60 dias. Desta forma, concluímos que a prática de caça à suínos selvagens deve ser considerada a possível fonte de infecção de M. nanum no cão relatado, o qual apresentou características clínicas semelhantes às lesões observadas em suínos, exceto pela ausência do padrão circular, com boa resposta clínica à terapia empregada. Por fim, o M. nanum deve ser considerado como agente etiológico da dermatofitose em cães que, de alguma forma, possuam contato direto com suídeos domésticos ou selvagens.

17.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 38(1): 317-320, 2017.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-763052

ABSTRACT

Miscrosporum nanum is a dermatophyte found in swine that causes non-pruritic lesions with desquamation, alopecia, and circular characteristics. M. nanum infection in dogs is rare and poorly understood in terms of its epidemiological and clinical features, and its therapeutic response. The present report describes a case of dermatophytosis due to M. nanum in a Dogo Argentino breed of dog that was used for wild boar hunting. The dermatophytosis presented with hypotrichosis, erythema, and non-pruritic desquamation in the back of the neck and chest area. The dermatophytosis was responsive to systemic treatment with itraconazole and topical (miconazole 2%) for 60 days. Thus, we conclude that the practice of hunting wild boar should be considered as a possible source of infection of M. nanum in the reported dog. The M. nanum infection showed clinical features that were similar to the lesions observed in swine, except for the absence of the circular pattern, and showed a good clinical response to the therapy. Finally, M. nanum should be considered as an etiologic agent of dermatophytosis in dogs that in some manner have had direct contact with domestic or wild swine.


O Miscrosporum nanum é um dermatófito encontrado em suídeos, promovendo lesões não pruriginosas, com características descamativas, alopécicas e circulares. A infecção de cães é rara e pouco compreendida em seus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever um caso de dermatofitose por M. nanum em um cão Dogo Argentino, utilizado na prática de caça à javali, apresentando hipotricose, eritema e descamação não pruriginosa da região dorsal do pescoço e tórax, responsivo ao tratamento sistêmico com itraconazol, associado ao tópico (miconazol 2%), durante 60 dias. Desta forma, concluímos que a prática de caça à suínos selvagens deve ser considerada a possível fonte de infecção de M. nanum no cão relatado, o qual apresentou características clínicas semelhantes às lesões observadas em suínos, exceto pela ausência do padrão circular, com boa resposta clínica à terapia empregada. Por fim, o M. nanum deve ser considerado como agente etiológico da dermatofitose em cães que, de alguma forma, possuam contato direto com suídeos domésticos ou selvagens.

18.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 37(4): 491-497, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-875967

ABSTRACT

Current analysis investigated the tickcide effects of the aqueous extract and chloroform fractions of Ruta graveolens L. (rue) on engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus, as well as their genotoxic and mutagenic effects on human leukocytes. The best tickcide activity (non-dependent dose) and genotoxic / mutagenic effects (dependent-dose) were observed on exposure to chloroform fractions. Results suggest that extract fractions of R. graveolens L are efficient against R. microplus, although the fraction and the tested concentrations show genotoxic and mutagenic potential for human leukocytes.


O efeito carrapaticida do extrato aquoso e frações da Ruta graveolens L. (arruda) sobre teleóginas de Rhipicephalus microplus, bem como seu potencial genotóxico sobre leucócitos humanos foram investigados neste trabalho. A melhor atividade carrapaticida (dose não dependente) e efeito genotóxico / mutagênico (dose dependente) foram observados nas frações clorofórmicas. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que frações clorofórmicas do extrato de Ruta graveolens L. são eficazes contra R. microplus, embora a fração e as concentrações testadas apresentem potencial genotóxico e mutagênico para células leucocitárias humanas.


Subject(s)
Acaricides/adverse effects , Rutaceae
19.
Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. ; 37(4): 491-497, 20150000. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-334130

ABSTRACT

Current analysis investigated the tickcide effects of the aqueous extract and chloroform fractions of Ruta graveolens L. (rue) on engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus, as well as their genotoxic and mutagenic effects on human leukocytes. The best tickcide activity (non-dependent dose) and genotoxic / mutagenic effects (dependent-dose) were observed on exposure to chloroform fractions. Results suggest that extract fractions of R. graveolens L are efficient against R. microplus, although the fraction and the tested concentrations show genotoxic and mutagenic potential for human leukocytes.(AU)


O efeito carrapaticida do extrato aquoso e frações da Ruta graveolens L. (arruda) sobre teleóginas de Rhipicephalus microplus, bem como seu potencial genotóxico sobre leucócitos humanos foram investigados neste trabalho. A melhor atividade carrapaticida (dose não dependente) e efeito genotóxico / mutagênico (dose dependente) foram observados nas frações clorofórmicas. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que frações clorofórmicas do extrato de Ruta graveolens L. são eficazes contra R. microplus, embora a fração e as concentrações testadas apresentem potencial genotóxico e mutagênico para células leucocitárias humanas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Acaricides/adverse effects , DNA Damage , Mutagens , Ruta/adverse effects , Ruta/analysis
20.
Ci. Rural ; 44(7): 1236-1239, July 2014. ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-27926

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of synovial fluid (SF) analysis for the parasitological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in naturally infected dogs. Aseptic arthrocentesis of the tarsal and carpal joints of 40 infected dogs (158 Leishmania sp samples) was conducted after euthanasia. The SF smears were evaluated under optic microscopy and amastigotes were detected in the SF of 35 dogs (87.5%). Of the 93 positive samples, 53% were obtained from the tarsal joints, and 47% were obtained from the carpal joints. Amastigote forms were confirmed in one (17%), two (26%), three (31%) or all four investigated joints (26%). This research highlights the feasibility and high sensitivity of SF evaluation for the parasitological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in symptomatic dogs.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a viabilidade da análise do líquido sinovial (LS) para o diagnóstico parasitológico de leishmaniose em cães naturalmente infectados. Artrocenteses assépticas das articulações do tarso e do carpo de 40 cães infectados (totalizando 158 amostras articulares) foram realizadas após a eutanásia. Os esfregaços LS foram avaliados sob microscopia óptica e formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. foram detectadas no LS de 35 cães (87,5%). 93 amostras articulares foram positivas, sendo 53% obtidas a partir das articulações tarsais e 47% obtidas de articulações carpais. Formas amastigotas foram confirmadas em uma (17%), duas (26%), três (31%) ou todas as quatro articulações investigadas (26%). Este trabalho destaca a viabilidade e a alta sensibilidade da avaliação LS para o diagnóstico parasitológico de leishmaniose em cães sintomáticos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases , Synovial Fluid/parasitology , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/veterinary
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