Poor runoff and distal coverage below the knee are associated with poor long-term outcomes following endovascular popliteal aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVE: Reports of good short-term outcomes for endovascular repair of popliteal artery aneurysms have led to an increased use of the technique. However, data are lacking on long-term limb-related outcomes and factors associated with the failure of endovascular repair. METHODS: All patients who underwent endovascular popliteal aneurysm repair (EPAR) at a single institution from January 2006 to December 2018 were included in the study. Demographics, indications, anatomic and operative details, and outcomes were reviewed. Long-term patency, major adverse limb event-free survival (MALE-FS) and graft loss/occlusion were analyzed with multivariable cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: We included 117 limbs from 101 patients with a mean follow-up of 55.6 months (range, 0.43-158 months). The average age was 73 ± 9.3 years. Thirty-two patients (29.1%) were symptomatic (claudication, rest pain, tissue loss, or rupture). The stent grafts crossed the knee joint in 91.4% of cases. In all, 36.8% of procedures used one stent graft, 41.0% used two stent grafts, and 22.2% of procedures used more than two stent grafts. The median arterial length covered was 100 mm, with an average length of stent overlap of 25 mm. Tapered configurations were used in 43.8% of cases. The majority of limbs (62.8%) had a three-vessel runoff, 20.2% had a two-vessel runoff, and 17% has a one-vessel runoff. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of graft occlusion at 1 and 3 years were 6.3% and 16.2%, respectively. The 1- and 3-year primary patency rates were 88.2% and 72.6%, and the 1- and 3-year major adverse limb event-free survival (MALE-FS) rates were 82% and 57.4%. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 92.9% and 76.2%, respectively. On multivariable Cox regression, aneurysm size, one-vessel runoff, and coverage below the knee were associated with a lower 3-year MALE-FS. Coverage below the knee was also associated with a lower 3-year MALE-FS. Other anatomic or technical details were not associated with limb-related events or patency. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the largest single center analysis to describe the predictors of poor outcomes after EPAR. EPAR is a safe and effective way to treat popliteal artery aneurysms. Factors associated with poor MALE-FS after EPAR include single-vessel tibial runoff and coverage below the knee.

Prophylactic distal revascularization with interval ligation and simultaneous arteriovenous fistula creation in high-risk patients.

Dialysis access-related ischemic steal syndrome is a well-recognized dialysis access complication. When severe, manifestations include rest pain, hand dysfunction, and tissue loss. Dialysis access attempts on the affected extremity are usually abandoned after a diagnosis of steal syndrome, and patients are often left catheter-dependent. Prophylactic distal revascularization with interval ligation has been described in patients at high-risk for steal syndrome. We present our experience with prophylactic distal revascularization with interval ligation performed simultaneously with arteriovenous fistula creation to prevent the recurrence in five patients and review the current body of literature supporting its use.