[UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics reveals mechanism of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides in treating rheumatoid arthritis and bone loss].

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides(MOIG) on paw edema and bone loss of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) rats, and analyze its potential mechanism based on ultra-high performance liguid chromatography-guadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) serum metabolomics. RA rats were established by injecting bovin type Ⅱ collagen. The collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats were administered drug by gavage for 8 weeks, the arthritic score were used to evaluate the severity of paw edem, serum bone metabolism biochemical parameters were measured by ELISA kits, Masson staining was used to observe the bone microstructure of the femur in CIA rats. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the alteration of serum metabolite of CIA rats, principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were used to screen the potential biomarkers, KEGG database analysis were used to construct related metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated that the arthritic score, serum levels of IL-6 and parameters related with bone metabolism including OCN, CTX-Ⅰ, DPD and TRAP were significantly increased, and the ratio of OPG and RANKL was significantly decreased, the microstructure of bone tissue and cartilage were destructed in CIA rats, while MOIG treatments could significantly reduce arthritis score, mitigate the paw edema, reverse the changes of serum biochemical indicators related with bone metabolism, and improve the microstructure of bone tissue and cartilage of CIA rats. The non-targeted metabolomics results showed that 24 altered metabolites were identified in serum of CIA rats; compared with normal group, 13 significantly altered metabolites related to RA were identified in serum of CIA rats, mainly involving alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; compared with CIA model group, MOIG treatment reversed the alteration of 15 differential metabolites, mainly involving into alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. Therefore, MOIG significantly alleviated paw edema, improved the destruction of microstructure of bone and cartilage in CIA rats maybe through involving into the regulation of amino acid metabolism.

[Effects of long-term straw returning on distribution of aggregates and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in paddy]. / é•¿æœŸç§¸ç§†è¿˜ç”°å¯¹æ°´ç¨»åœŸå›¢èšä½“åŠæ°®ç£·é’¾åˆ†é çš„å½±å“.

In order to understand the composition and stability of soil aggregate in paddy filed, as well as the changes of soil aggregate-associated nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) after straw addition combined with chemical fertilization, soil samples were collected from a 34-year positioning experiment with three treatments, including no chemical fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer only (NPK), and straw addition plus chemical fertilizer (NPKS). The composition of water-stable aggregates at the soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were analyzed with the wet sieving method, as well as the distribution characteristics, contribution rate and activation rate of soil aggregate-associated N, P, and K. Results showed that the fractions of >2 mm and 0.25-1 mm aggregates dominated the soil water-stable aggregates in paddy field, while the contribution of <0.053 mm aggregates was lowest. Compared with CK, NPKS treatment increased the contents of >2 mm and 1-2 mm aggregates at the layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm, and reduced the contents of 0.053-0.25 mm and <0.053 mm. Similar result in NPK treatment was observed at the layer of 0-20 cm. Compared with tat under the NPK treatment, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased by 3.9%-15.5% and 6.3%-41.7% in NPKS treatment, respectively. However, the unstable aggregate index (ELT) reduced by 5.7%-28.7% in the NPKS treatment. NPKS significantly increased the contents of total N (TN), available P (AP), and available K (AK) in soil aggregates, especially in the >0.25 mm aggregates. There were no significant diffe-rences about alkali-hydrolysable N (AN) and total K (TK) between NPK and NPKS treatments. The nutrient contribution of soil aggregates in paddy field was affected by aggregate composition. NPKS significantly increased the contribution of AN, AP, and AK within >1 mm aggregates. In all, straw addition combined with chemical fertilizer could increase the stability of soil aggregates at the layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, and increase the contents of soil aggregate-associated N, P and K, especially for the >1 mm aggregates. Our results provided insights into ensuring soil quality and sustainable development of resources in paddy field by adjusting the ratio of soil C to N.

Normal and Abnormal Sharp Wave Ripples in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal Cortex System: Implications for Memory Consolidation, Alzheimer's Disease, and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The appearance of hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) is an electrophysiological biomarker for episodic memory encoding and behavioral planning. Disturbed SWRs are considered a sign of neural network dysfunction that may provide insights into the structural connectivity changes associated with cognitive impairment in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). SWRs originating from hippocampus have been extensively studied during spatial navigation in rodents, and more recent studies have investigated SWRs in the hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (HPC-EC) system during a variety of other memory-guided behaviors. Understanding how SWR disruption impairs memory function, especially episodic memory, could aid in the development of more efficacious therapeutics for AD and TLE. In this review, we first provide an overview of the reciprocal association between AD and TLE, and then focus on the functions of HPC-EC system SWRs in episodic memory consolidation. It is posited that these waveforms reflect rapid network interactions among excitatory projection neurons and local interneurons and that these waves may contribute to synaptic plasticity underlying memory consolidation. Further, SWRs appear altered or ectopic in AD and TLE. These waveforms may thus provide clues to understanding disease pathogenesis and may even serve as biomarkers for early-stage disease progression and treatment response.

Adult-onset Still's disease evolving with multiple organ failure and death: A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease, which is characterized by daily fever and arthritis, with an evanescent rash and neutrophilic leukocytosis. To date, there has been no definite laboratory or imaging test available for diagnosing AOSD; the diagnosis is one of exclusion, which can be very challenging. In particular, AOSD patients may experience different complications affecting their clinical picture, management, and prognosis. The treatment of AOSD remains largely empirical and involves therapeutic agents. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with fever, red rash, arthralgia, and sore throat. Her serum ferritin level and white blood cell count were markedly elevated, and the first diagnosis 22 years prior was "juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of systemic type". The patient was treated with prednisone, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and leflunomide. After remission of her symptoms, the patient stopped taking the medications, and the disease recurred. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with adult-onset Still's disease. Relapse occurred several times due to self-medication withdrawal, and an interleukin-6 antagonist (tocilizumab/Actemra) was administered to control the disease. Recently, she was hospitalized because an incision did not heal, and the patient suddenly developed high fever and diarrhea during hospitalization. The patient's disease progressed violently and quickly developed into macrophage activation syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, and multiple organ failure. The patient had sudden cardiac arrest, and she died despite emergency rescue efforts. CONCLUSION: AOSD patients need regular follow-up in the long-term treatment process, and must press formulary standard medication, and do not voluntarily withdraw or reduce the dose. Otherwise it may cause disease back-and-forth or serious life-threatening complications. Meanwhile, strict management of trauma, infections, tumors, and other diseases may contribute to improved outcomes in patients with complications.

Immune protection conferred by three commonly used commercial live attenuated vaccines against the prevalent local strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in southern China.

Live attenuated vaccines are critical in the control of avian infectious bronchitis. It is necessary to know the protection conferred by commonly used commercial live vaccines. In this study, specific pathogen-free chicks were vaccinated with the commercial live vaccines H120, 4/91 and LDT3-A. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for the detection of IBV-specific antibodies and quantification of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. At 21 days post-inoculation the vaccinated birds were challenged with the IBV prevalent local strains GX-YL5, GX-GL11079 and GX-NN09032, respectively. Trachea and kidney samples were collected at 5 days post-challenge for the detection of the virus. The results showed that the H120 group exhibited medium antibody levels, the lowest percentages of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and the highest viral loads. The 4/91 group showed the lowest antibody levels, but the highest percentages of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and the lowest viral loads. The LDT3-A group showed the highest antibody levels, the medium percentages of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and the medium viral loads. The protection rates of H120, 4/91 and LDT3-A groups were 41.7-58.3%, 75.0-83.7% and 66.7-75.0%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that the vaccines H120, 4/91 and LDT3-A could stimulate the immunized chicks to produce different levels of humoral and cellular immunity to resist the infection of IBV, but couldn't provide complete protection against the prevalent local strains of IBV in southern China. Also, the vaccine 4/91 offered the best immune protection among the three vaccines.

Establishment of a Model of Microencapsulated SGC7901 Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells Cocultured with Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

The important factors of poor survival of gastric cancer (GC) are relapse and metastasis. For further elucidation of the mechanism, a culture system mimicking the microenvironment of the tumor in humans was needed. We established a model of microencapsulated SGC7901 human GC cells and evaluated the effects of coculturing spheres with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). SGC7901 cells were encapsulated in alginate-polylysine-sodium alginate (APA) microcapsules using an electrostatic droplet generator. MTT assays showed that the numbers of microencapsulated cells were the highest after culturing for 14 days. Metabolic curves showed consumption of glucose and production of lactic acid by day 20. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were expressed in microencapsulated SGC7901 cells on days 7 and 14. The expression of PCNA was observed outside spheroids; however, VEGF was found in the entire spheroids. PCNA and VEGF were increased after being cocultured with TAMs. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions were detected in the supernatant of microencapsulated cells cocultured with TAMs but not in microencapsulated cells. Our study confirms the successful establishment of the microencapsulated GC cells. TAMs can promote PCNA, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions of the GC cells.

Long-term outcomes of ciliary sulcus versus capsular bag fixation of intraocular lenses in children: An ultrasound biomicroscopy study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of ciliary sulcus versus capsular bag fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children after pediatric cataract surgery. METHODS: IOL was implanted in the ciliary sulcus in 21 eyes of 14 children, and in the capsular bag in 19 eyes of 12 children for the treatment of pediatric cataract in an institutional setting. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed. Main outcome measures included IOL decentration, IOL tilt, anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle-opening distance at 500 µm (AOD500), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and incidence of postoperative complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 6.81 ± 1.82 years. Comparing to the capsular bag fixation group, the ciliary sulcus fixation group had higher vertical IOL decentration, horizontal IOL tilt, and vertical IOL tilt (p = 0.02, 0.01,0.01, respectively), higher incidence of iris-IOL contact and peripheral anterior synechia (p = 0.001, 0.03, respectively), smaller ACD, AOD500, and TIA (p = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, respectively), higher mean IOP (17.10 ±6.06 mmHg vs.14.15± 4.74 mmHg, p = 0.01), and higher incidence of secondary glaucoma (28.57% vs. 10.53%, p = 0.007).There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the BCVA, refractive errors, incidence of myopic shift, nystagmus, strabismus, and visual axis opacity. CONCLUSIONS: Ciliary sulcus fixation of IOLs in pediatric eyes may increase IOL malposition and crowding of the anterior segment, and may associate with a higher risk of secondary glaucoma compared to capsular bag fixation of IOLs.

Passive smoking exposure from partners as a risk factor for ER+/PR+ double positive breast cancer in never-smoking Chinese urban women: a hospital-based matched case control study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between passive smoking exposure (PSE) and breast cancer risk is of major interest. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between PSE from partners and breast cancer risk stratified by hormone-receptor (HR) status in Chinese urban women population. DESIGN: Hospital-based matched case control study. SETTING: Chinese urban breast cancer patients without current or previous active smoking history in China Medical University 1st Hospital, Liaoning Province, China between Jan 2009 and Nov 2009. PATIENTS: Each breast cancer patient was matched 1∶1 with healthy controls by gender and age (±2 years) from the same hospital. MEASUREMENTS: The authors used unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratio for women with PSE from partners and breast cancer risk. RESULTS: 312 pairs were included in the study. Women who endured PSE had significantly increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.05-2.03; P = 0.027), comparing with unexposed women. Women who exposed to >5 cigarettes/day also had significant increased risk (adjusted OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.28-3.10; P = 0.002), as were women exposed to passive smoke for 16-25 years (adjusted OR: 1.87 95% CI: 1.22-2.86; P = 0.004), and those exposed to > 4 pack-years (adjusted OR: 1.71 95% CI: 1.17-2.50; P = 0.004). Similar trends were significant for estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) double positive subgroup(adjusted OR: 1.71; 2.20; 1.99; 1.92, respectively), but not for ER+/PR-, ER-/PR+, or ER-/PR- subgroups. LIMITATIONS: limitations of the hospital-based retrospective study, lack of information on entire lifetime PSE and low statistical power. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide further evidence that PSE from partners contributes to increased risk of breast cancer, especially for ER/PR double positive breast cancer, in Chinese urban women.