A rare missense PAX6 mutation causes atypical aniridia in a three-generation Chinese family.

AIM: To investigate the molecular diagnosis of a three-generation Chinese family affected with aniridia, and further to identify clinically a PAX6 missense mutation in members with atypical aniridia. METHODS: Eleven family members with and without atypical aniridia were recruited. All family members underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. A combination of whole exome sequencing (WES) and direct Sanger sequencing were performed to uncover the causative mutation. RESULTS: Among the 11 family members, 8 were clinically diagnosed with congenital aniridia (atypical aniridia phenotype). A rare heterozygous mutation c.622C>T (p.Arg208Trp) in exon 8 of PAX6 was identified in all affected family members but not in the unaffected members or in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION: A rare missense mutation in the PAX6 gene is found in members of a three-generation Chinese family with congenital atypical aniridia. This result contributes to an increase in the phenotypic spectrum caused by PAX6 missense heterozygous variants and provides useful information for the clinical diagnosis of atypical aniridia, which may also contribute to genetic counselling and family planning.

Differentiation and immunosuppressive function of CD19+CD24hiCD27+ regulatory B cells are regulated through the miR-29a-3p/NFAT5 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is an indispensable element in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. As one of the microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-29a-3p also inhibits translation by degrading the target mRNA, and yet the relationship between Bregs and miR-29a-3p has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of miR-29a-3p on the regulation of differentiation and immunosuppressive functions of memory Bregs (mBregs) and ultimately provide potentially effective therapies in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. METHODS: Flow cytometry was employed to determine the levels of Bregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TaqMan low-density array miRNA assays were used to identify the expression of different miRNAs, electroporation transfection was used to induce miR-29a-3p overexpression and knockdown, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target gene of miR-29a-3p. RESULTS: In patients experiencing acute rejection after liver transplantation, the proportions and immunosuppressive function of mBregs in the circulating blood were significantly impaired. miR-29a-3p was found to be a regulator of mBregs differentiation. Inhibition of miR-29a-3p, which targeted nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), resulted in a conspicuous boost in the differentiation and immunosuppressive function of mBregs. The inhibition of miR-29a-3p in CD19+ B cells was capable of raising the expression levels of NFAT5, thereby promoting B cells to differentiate into mBregs. In addition, the observed enhancement of differentiation and immunosuppressive function of mBregs upon miR-29a-3p inhibition was abolished by the knockdown of NFAT5 in B cells. CONCLUSIONS: miR-29a-3p was found to be a crucial regulator for mBregs differentiation and immunosuppressive function. Silencing miR-29a-3p could be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation.

Nano­selenium alleviates cadmium-induced blood-brain barrier destruction by restoring the Wnt7A/ß-catenin pathway.

Selenium (Se), a highly beneficial animal feed additive, exhibits remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nano­selenium (Nano-Se) is an advanced formulation of Se featuring a specialized drug delivery vehicle, with good bioavailability, higher efficacy, and lower toxicity compared to the traditional form of Se. With the advancement of industry, cadmium (Cd) contamination occurs in different countries and regions and thereby contaminating different food crops, and the degree of pollution is degree increasing year by year. The present investigation entailed the oral administration of CdCl2 and/or Nano-Se to male chickens of the Hy-Line Variety White breed, which are one day old, subsequent to a 7-day adaptive feeding period, for a duration of 90 days. The study aimed to elucidate the potential protective impact of Nano-Se on Cd exposure. The study found that Nano-Se demonstrates potential in mitigating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction characterized by impairment of adherens junctions (AJS) and tight junctions (TJS) by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. In addition, the data uncovered that Nano-Se demonstrates a proficient ability in alleviating BBB impairment and inflammatory reactions caused by Cd through the modulation of the Wnt7A/ß-catenin pathway, highlights its potential to maintain brain homeostasis. Hence, this research anticipates that the utilization of Nano-Se effectively mitigate the detrimental impacts associated with Cd exposure on the BBB.

Matrine exhibits antiviral activities against PEDV by directly targeting Spike protein of the virus and inducing apoptosis via the MAPK signaling pathway.

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED). This enteric disease results in high mortality rates in piglets, leading to significant financial losses in the pig industry. However, vaccines cannot provide sufficient protection against epidemic strains. Spike (S) protein exposed on the surface of virion mediates PEDV entry into cells. Our findings imply that matrine (MT), a naturally occurring alkaloid, inhibits PEDV infection targeting S protein of virions and biological process of cells. The GLY434 residue in the autodocking site of the S protein and MT conserved based on sequence comparison. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of viral attachment, entry, and virucidal effects to investigate how that MT inhibits virus replication. MT inhibits PEDV attachment and entry by targeting S protein. MT was added to cells before, during, or after infection, it exhibits anti-PEDV activities and viricidal effects. Network pharmacology focuses on addressing causal mechanisms rather than just treating symptoms. We identified the key genes and screened the cell apoptosis involved in the inhibition of MT on PEDV infection in network pharmacology. MT significantly promotes cell apoptosis in PEDV-infected cells to inhibit PEDV infection by activating the MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, we provide the biological foundations for the development of single components of traditional Chinese medicine to inhibit PEDV infection and spread.

Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis: essential role of ABCB family genes in cancer.

Background: The adenosine triphosphate-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter orchestrates the transmembrane transport of diverse substrates with the aid of ATP as an energy source. ABC transporter constitutes a widespread superfamily of transporters prominently present on the cellular membrane of organisms. Advancements in understanding have unveiled additional roles beyond mere intracellular or extracellular transport functions for the ABC protein family, encompassing involvement in DNA repair, protein translation, and gene expression regulation. Yet its role in tumors is still unknown. Methods: This study drew support from multiple databases, including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and employed multidimensional bioinformatics analyses, incorporating online databases and the R-project. Through a comprehensive analysis, we seek to discern transcriptional-level disparities among genes and their consequential impacts on prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), stemness score, immune subtypes, clinical characteristics, and drug sensitivity across human cancers. Results: ABC transporter subfamily B (ABCB) family genes exhibited heightened expression across diverse tumors, demonstrating a significant correlation with overall prognosis in pan-cancer contexts. Notably, gene expression levels manifested substantial associations with TME, stemness score, immune subtypes, clinical characteristics, and drug sensitivity in specific cancers, including kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Within this subset, transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1), TAP2, and ABCB6 emerged as noteworthy oncogenes. Conclusions: The outcomes of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the implications of ABCB family genes in tumor progression, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Notably, the identification of ABCB6 as a significant oncogene suggests promising avenues for targeted therapies in KIRP, LIHC, and PAAD.

Splendidivirga corallicola gen. nov., sp. nov. and Agaribacillus aureus gen. nov., sp. nov., two bacteria isolated from coral Porites lutea, and proposal of Splendidivirgaceae fam. nov.

The Bacteroidota is one of the dominant bacterial phyla in corals. However, the exact taxa of those coral bacteria under the Bacteroidota are still unclear. Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile rods, designated strains BMA10T and BMA12T, were isolated from stony coral Porites lutea collected from Weizhou Island, PR China. Global alignment of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains are closest to species of Fulvivirga with the highest identities being lower than 93 %, and the similarity value between these two strains was 92.3 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that these two strains form an monophylogenetic lineage alongside the families Fulvivirgaceae, Reichenbachiellaceae, Roseivirgaceae, Marivirgaceae, Cyclobacteriaceae, and Cesiribacteraceae in the order Cytophagales, phylum Bacteroidota. The genomic DNA G+C contents of BMA10T and BMA12T were 38.4 and 41.9 mol%, respectively. The major polar lipids of BMA10T were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipid, four unidentified aminolipids, and five unidentified lipids. While those of BMA12T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and five unidentified lipids. The major cellular fatty acids detected in both isolates were iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω5c. Carbohydrate-active enzyme analysis indicated these two strains may utilize coral mucus or chitin. Based on above characteristics, these two strains are suggested to represent two new species in two new genera of a new family in the order Cytophagales, for which the name Splendidivirga corallicola gen. nov., sp. nov., Agaribacillus aureus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Splendidivirgaceae fam. nov. are proposed. The type strain of S. corallicola is BMA10T (=MCCC 1K08300T=KCTC 102045T), and that for A. aureus is BMA12T (=MCCC 1K08309T=KCTC 102046T).

Full color control and patterned display device from cyan/magenta/yellow water-dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles systems.

Electrochromic polymers (ECPs) have great application potential in flexible displays, and there is an increasing expectation of using green methods to form ECP films. Herein, we propose a modified microemulsion method to prepare Cyan/Magenta/Yellow (C/M/Y) water-dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles systems. Three polymer films (WDECP-C/M/Y) maintain similar electrochemical properties compared to their corresponding organic solvent-based polymer films. It is intriguing that WDECP-C/M/Y exhibit better electrochromic properties in terms of higher cycling stability (97.24%, 95.05%, and 52.84%, respectively) and faster switching time (0.94 s, 1.09 s, and 1.34 s for coloring time, respectively) due to the introduction of nanoparticles. In addition, it can achieve various desired colors by blending the C/M/Y water-dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles systems in different ratios. The calculated chromaticity coordinates of the blending polymer films show close values to the experimental observation, and the calculated ΔE*ab values range from 2.6 to 10.3, which may provide theoretical guidance for precisely color control. Finally, large-scale and patterned devices were assembled, which can achieve colored-to-colorless reversible electrochromism at a low driving voltage of 0 to 1.5 V. This work puts forward a universal and environmentally sustainable strategy to prepare water-dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles systems, demonstrating their wide range of applications in display devices and electronic tags.

Short-chain fatty acids: Important components of the gut-brain axis against AD.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises a group of neurodegenerative disorders with some changes in the brain, which could lead to the deposition of certain proteins and result in the degeneration and death of brain cells. Patients with AD manifest primarily as cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms, and behavioural disorders. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) produced by gut microorganisms through the fermentation of dietary fibre ingested. SCFAs, as a significant mediator of signalling, can have diverse physiological and pathological roles in the brain through the gut-brain axis, and play a positive effect on AD via multiple pathways. Firstly, differences in SCFAs and microbial changes have been stated in AD cases of humans and mice in this paper. And then, mechanisms of three main SCFAs in treating with AD have been summarized, as well as differences of gut bacteria. Finally, functions of SCFAs played in regulating intestinal flora homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and the metabolic system, which were considered to be beneficial for the treatment of AD, have been elucidated, and the key roles of gut bacteria and SCFAs were pointed out. All in all, this paper provides an overview of SCFAs and gut bacteria in AD, and can help people to understand the importance of gut-brain axis in AD.

Ultrasonic enhanced liquid-liquid interfacial reaction for improving the synthesis of Iron-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) for achieving superior photocatalytic performance.

The precise and controllable preparation of carbon nanomaterials under mild conditions poses a great challenge, especially for metal-catalysed multiphase preparation. This work proposes an efficient method that utilizing high-density ultrasound to enhance the liquid-liquid interfacial reaction system. Iron-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) are successfully synthesized in such a normal temperature and atmospheric-pressure reaction condition. It is shown that transient cavitation provides a high-temperature and high-pressure microenvironment for the preparation of Fe-CDs. Moreover, the size of the reactant droplets is reduced from 200.0 ± 17.3 µm to 8.1 ± 2.9 µm owing to the acoustic flow and cavitation effects, which increases the specific surface area of the two reacting phases and improves the mass transfer coefficient by more than 252.0 %. As a result, the yield increases by more than an order of magnitude (from 0.7 ± 0.1 % to 11.9 ± 0.2 %) and the Fe doping rate reaches 20.9 %. The photocatalytic oxidation conversion of 1,4-Dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) using the obtained Fe-CDs is as high as 98.2 %. This research gives a new approach for the efficient and safe production of Fe-CDs, which is promising for industrial applications.

Chirality-Dependent Valley Polarization in Magnetic van der Waals Heterostructures via Spin-Selective Charge Transfer.

Magnetic proximity interaction provides a promising route to manipulate the spin and valley degrees of freedom in van der Waals heterostructures. Here, we report a control of valley pseudospin in the WS2/MoSe2 heterostructure by utilizing the magnetic proximity effect of few-layered CrBr3 and, for the first time, observe a substantial difference in valley polarization of intra/interlayer excitons under different circularly polarized laser excitations, referred to as chirality-dependent valley polarization. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the spin-selective charge transfer between MoSe2 and CrBr3, as well as between MoSe2 and WS2, is mostly responsible for the chiral feature of valley polarization in comparison with the proximity exchange field. This means that a long-distance manipulation of exciton behaviors in multilayer heterostructures can be achieved through spin-selective charge transfer. This work marks a significant advancement in the control of spin and valley pseudospin in multilayer structures.

The digestion and dietary carbohydrate pathway contains 100% gene mutations enrichment among 117 patients with major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is partially inheritable while its mechanism is still uncertain. Methods: This cross-sectional study focused on gene pathways as a whole rather than polymorphisms of single genes. Deep sequencing and gene enrichment analysis based on pathways in Reactome database were obtained to reveal gene mutations. Results: A total of 117 patients with MDD and 78 healthy controls were enrolled. The Digestion and Dietary Carbohydrate pathway (Carbohydrate pathway) was determined to contain 100% mutations in patients with MDD and 0 mutation in matched healthy controls. Discussion: Findings revealed in the current study enable a better understanding of gene pathways mutations status in MDD patients, indicating a possible genetic mechanism of MDD development and a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target.

Self-healing propagation of a longitudinally varying vector optical beam for distance measurement.

Based on the longitudinal manipulation of polarization, a special vector optical beam (VOB) with customized polarization variation in propagation direction can be generated, whose properties and applications remain to be studied. Here, the self-healing propagation behaviors of the longitudinally varying VOB after an opaque object are investigated, and the localized polarization responses on the object distance are revealed. On this basis, characteristic parameters are defined to measure the distance of object, achieving a minimum relative error of 0.63% in a longitudinal range of 300 mm. Besides, the correlations and uncoupling methods of object distance and size are discussed. Our studies open new ways to use the structural properties of VOB and may be instructive for laser measurement.

Prognostic factors and the role of primary debulking in operable stage IVB ovarian cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis: a retrospective study in Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed heterogeneity in stage IVB patients. However, few studies focused on the prognosis of supraclavicular metastatic ovarian cancer. This study aimed to explore the prognostic factors and the role of primary debulking in IVB ovarian cancer patients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients newly diagnosed as primary epithelial ovarian cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from January 2015 to July 2020. Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was defined as either the pathological diagnosis by supraclavicular lymph node biopsy, or the radiological diagnosis by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). RESULTS: In 51 patients, 37 was diagnosed with metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes by histology, 46 by PET-CT, and 32 by both methods. Forty-four (86.3%) with simultaneous metastatic paraaortic lymph nodes (PALNs) by imaging before surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy were defined as "continuous-metastasis type", while the other 7 (13.7%) defined as "skip-metastasis type". Nineteen patients were confirmed with metastatic PALNs by histology. Thirty-four patients were investigated for BRCA mutation, 17 had germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations (g/sBRCAm). With a median follow-up of 30.0 months (6.3-63.4 m), 16 patients (31.4%) died. The median PFS and OS of the cohort were 17.3 and 48.9 months. Survival analysis showed that "continuous-metastasis type" had longer OS and PFS than "skip-metastasis type" (OS: 50.0/26.6 months, PFS: 18.5/7.2months, p=0.005/0.002). BRCA mutation carriers also had longer OS and PFS than noncarriers (OS: 57.4 /38.5 m, p=0.031; PFS: 23.6/15.2m, p=0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed only metastatic PALNs was independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.040). Among "continuous-metastasis type" patients, 22 (50.0%) achieved R0 abdominopelvic debulking, who had significantly longer OS (55.3/42.3 months, p =0.034) than those with residual abdominopelvic tumors. CONCLUSIONS: In stage IVB ovarian cancer patients with supraclavicular lymph nodes metastasis, those defined as "continuous-metastasis type" with positive PALNs had better prognosis. For them, optimal abdominopelvic debulking had prognostic benefit, although metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes were not resected. Higher BRCA mutation rate than the general population of ovarian cancer patients was observed in patients with IVB supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, leading to better survival as expected.

A highly selective and sensitive rhodamine B-based chemosensor for Sn4+ in water-bearing and biomaging and biosensing in zebrafish.

A novel colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode chemosensor (JT5) based on rhodamine B has been produced for monitoring Sn4+ in the DMSO/H2O (4:1, v/v) medium. It has high sensitivity, a low detection limit, a short response time (1 s) and high stability, and can still be maintained after two weeks with the red dual fluorescence/ colorimetric response. Enhancement of red fluorescence (591 nm) and red colorimetric (567 nm) response of JT5 by Sn4+ addition. The electrostatic potential of the sensor JT5 molecule was simulated to speculate on the sensing mechanism, and the IR, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR titration were utilized to further demonstrate that JT5 was coordinated to Sn4+ with a 1:1 type, the rhodamine spironolactam ring of JT5 opens up to form a penta-membered ring with Sn4+, meanwhile, its system may have chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. In addition, theoretical calculations were carried out to give the energy gaps of JT5 and [JT5 + Sn4+] as well as to simulate the electronic properties of the maximal absorption peaks. Notably, the sensor JT5 was successfully applied to monitoring Sn4+ in zebrafish, and the JT5-loaded filter paper provided a solid-state platform for detecting Sn4+ by both naked eye and fluorescent methods. In summary, this work contributes to monitoring Sn4+ in organisms and solid-state materials and promotes understanding of Sn4+ functions in biological systems, environments, and solid-state materials.

Cnicus benedictus extract-loaded electrospun gelatin wound dressing for treating diabetic wounds: An in vitro and in vivo study.

In the current study, Cnicus benedictus extract was loaded into electrospun gelatin scaffolds for diabetic wound healing applications. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro by mechanical testing, cell culture assays, electron microscopy, cell migration assay, and antibacterial assay. In vivo wound healing study was performed in a rat model of diabetic wound. In vitro studies revealed fibrous architecture of our developed dressings and their anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, Cnicus benedictus extract-loaded wound dressings prevented bacterial penetration. In vivo study showed that wound size reduction, collagen deposition, and epithelial thickness were significantly greater in Cnicus benedictus extract-loaded scaffolds than other groups. Gene expression studies showed that the produced wound dressings significantly upregulated VEGF and IGF genes expression in diabetic wounds.

Prognostic factors of 87 ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST) patients and molecular characteristics of persistent and recurrent OYST.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the characteristics of OYST, particularly for persistent and recurrent OYST, in order to explore potential treatment options and thereby improve patient outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of all patients with OYST at Fudan university Shanghai Cancer Center from December 3, 2005 to November 27, 2020. Furthermore, and performed whole-exome sequencing on 17 paired OYST (including 8 paired persistent and recurrent OYST) tumor and blood samples to elucidate the aberrant molecular features. RESULTS: Totally, 87 OYST patients were included between 2007/03/13 and 2020/11/17. With a median follow-up of 73 [3-189] months, 22 patients relapsed or disease persisted. Overall, 17 patients died with a median overall survival of 21 [3-54] months. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed tumor histology and residual lesions were independently associated with event free survival and overall survival, cycles to AFP normalization were another independent risk factor for overall survival. For the 8 persistent and recurrent OYST: cancer driver genes including ANKRD36, ANKRD62, DNAH8, MUC5B, NUP205, RYR2, STARD9, MUC16, TTN, ARID1A and PIK3CA were frequently mutated; cell cycle, ABC transporters, HR, NHEJ and AMPK signal pathway demonstrated as the most significantly enriched pathways; TMB, DNA MMR gene mutation and MSI were significantly higher. Mutation signature 11, 19 and 30 were the dominant contributors in persistent and recurrent OYST mutation. CONCLUSION: Persistent and recurrent OYST associated with poor prognosis, and probably susceptible to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Molecular characteristics contributed to predict the persistence and recurrence of OYST.

Accuracy of Modern Intraocular Lens Formulas in Highly Myopic Eyes Implanted with Plate-Haptic Intraocular Lenses.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of modern intraocular lens (IOL) formulas and axial length (AL) adjusted traditional IOL formulas, including Wang-Koch and Cooke-modified AL (CMAL) method, in long eyes with plate-haptic IOLs, and to compare refractive prediction error variances with C-loop IOLs. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series study. METHODS: Data from 391 eyes with Zeiss 509M and 302 eyes with Alcon SN6CWS implants in highly myopic patients, following cataract surgery from January 2019 to November 2023, were collected. One eye per patient was selected. Predictive outcomes of 15 modern formulas (Barrett Universal II (BU II), Cooke K6 (K6), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) 2.0, Hoffer-QST, Kane, Karmona, Ladas AI, Naeser 2, Olsen, Pearl-DGS, Radial Basis Function (RBF) 3.0, T2, VRF-G, Zhu-Lu, and Z-Calc) and 4 traditional IOL formulas (Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T) with AL adjusted methods, were evaluated. The mean prediction error, mean absolute prediction error (MAE), root-mean-square absolute prediction error (RMSAE) and the proportions of eyes with PEs within ±0.25 Diopter (D), ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D and ±1.00 D were analyzed. Top 10 RMSAE-ranked formulas underwent further subgroup analysis based on AL, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and keratometry (K). RESULTS: For the 509M group, RMSAE ranking for the top 10 IOL formulas were the RBF 3.0 (0.432), Zhu-Lu (0.436), Olsen (0.436), EVO 2.0 (0.437), Pearl-DGS (0.447), K6 (0.452), VRF-G (0.454), Naeser 2 (0.464), Haigis-CMAL (0.465) and Karmona (0.477). Karmona and Naeser 2 showed poorer performance in the extremely long AL and steep K subgroups, respectively (p≤0.042). Haigis-CMAL accuracy was significantly lower in shallow ACD and flat K subgroups (p≤0.045). The SN6CWS group showed significantly lower MAE and RMSAE compared to the 509M group for the BU II, EVO 2.0, Hoffer-QST, Kane, Pearl-DGS, and Zhu-Lu formulas (p≤0.024). CONCLUSIONS: In long eyes with plate-haptic IOLs, RBF 3.0 performed best, closely followed by Zhu-Lu, Olsen, and EVO 2.0; Karmona and Naeser 2 are discouraged for extreme AL and steep K conditions, respectively; Haigis-CMAL is not suggested for shallow ACD and flat K cases. Refractive outcomes in eyes implanted with a C-loop design IOL were more accurate than for those implanted with a plate-haptic design, for most tested formulas.

Iodoarene-directed photoredox ß-C(sp3)-H arylation of 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer and hydrogen atom transfer.

Site selective functionalization of inert remote C(sp3)-H bonds to increase molecular complexity offers vital potential for chemical synthesis and new drug development, thus it has been attracting ongoing research interest. In particular, typical ß-C(sp3)-H arylation methods using chelation-assisted metal catalysis or metal-catalyzed oxidative/photochemical in situ generated allyl C(sp3)-H bond processes have been well developed. However, radical-mediated direct ß-C(sp3)-H arylation of carbonyls remains elusive. Herein, we describe an iodoarene-directed photoredox ß-C(sp3)-H arylation of 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer (XAT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The method involves diethylaminoethyl radical-mediated generation of an aryl radical intermediate via XAT, then directed 1,5-HAT to form the remote alkyl radical intermediate and radical-radical coupling with cyanoarenes, and is applicable to a broad scope of unactivated remote C(sp3)-H bonds like ß-C(sp3)-H bonds of o-iodoaryl-substituted alkanones and α-C(sp3)-H bonds of o-iodoarylamides. Experimental findings are supported by computational studies (DFT calculations), revealing that this method operates via a radical-relay stepwise mechanism involving multiple SET, XAT, 1,5-HAT and radical-radical coupling processes.