Ti3+/Ti4+ and Co2+/Co3+ redox couples in Ce-doped Co-Ce/TiO2 for enhancing photothermocatalytic toluene oxidation.

Cerium and cobalt loaded Co-Ce/TiO2 catalyst prepared by impregnation method was investigated for photothermal catalytic toluene oxidation. Based on catalyst characterizations (XPS, EPR and H2-TPR), redox cycle between Co and TiO2 (Co2+ + Ti4+ ↔ Co3+ + Ti3+) results in the formation of Co3+, Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies, which play important roles in toluene catalytic oxidation reaction. The introduction of Ce brings in the dual redox cycles (Co2+ + Ti4+ ↔ Co3+ + Ti3+, Co2+ + Ce4+ ↔ Co3+ + Ce3+), further promoting the elevation of reaction sites amount. Under full spectrum irradiation with light intensity of 580 mW/cm2, Co-Ce/TiO2 catalyst achieved 96% of toluene conversion and 73% of CO2 yield, obviously higher than Co/P25 and Co/TiO2. Co-Ce/TiO2 efficiently maintains 10-hour stability test under water vapor conditions and exhibits better photothermal catalytic performance than counterparts under different wavelengths illumination. Photothermal catalytic reaction displays improved activities compared with thermal catalysis, which is attributed to the promotional effect of light including photocatalysis and light activation of reactive oxygen species.

Artificial intelligence applications in bone fractures: A bibliometric and science mapping analysis.

Background: Bone fractures are a common medical issue worldwide, causing a serious economic burden on society. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of fracture has developed rapidly, especially in fracture diagnosis, where AI has shown significant capabilities comparable to those of professional orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to review the development process and applications of AI in the field of fracture using bibliometric analysis, while analyzing the research hotspots and future trends in the field. Materials and methods: Studies on AI and fracture were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collections since 1990, a retrospective bibliometric and visualized study of the filtered data was conducted through CiteSpace and Bibliometrix R package. Results: A total of 1063 publications were included in the analysis, with the annual publication rapidly growing since 2017. China had the most publications, and the United States had the most citations. Technical University of Munich, Germany, had the most publications. Doornberg JN was the most productive author. Most research in this field was published in Scientific Reports. Doi K's 2007 review in Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics was the most influential paper. Conclusion: AI application in fracture has achieved outstanding results and will continue to progress. In this study, we used a bibliometric analysis to assist researchers in understanding the basic knowledge structure, research hotspots, and future trends in this field, to further promote the development of AI applications in fracture.

Technically feasible solutions to challenges in preimplantation genetic testing for thalassemia: experiences of multiple centers between 2019 and 2022.

PURPOSE: In clinical practice, the success of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) for thalassemia was hindered by the absence of probands, incomplete family members, or failure in detecting embryonic gene mutation sites. This study aimed to address these issues. METHODS: This retrospective study included 342 couples undergoing PGT-M for α- or ß-thalassemia at three reproductive medicine centers from 2019 to 2022. Various methods were used to construct parental haplotypes. A total of 1778 embryos were analyzed and selected for transfer based on chromosomal ploidy and PGT-M results. Follow-up involved amniocentesis results and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Haplotypes were established using DNA samples from probands or parents, as well as sibling blood samples, single sperm, and affected embryos, achieving an overall success rate was 99.4% (340/342). For α-thalassemia and ß-thalassemia, the concordance between embryo single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype analysis results and mutation loci detection results was 93.8% (1011/1078) and 98.2% (538/548), respectively. Multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC) showed a higher whole genome amplification success rate than multiple displacement amplification (MDA) (98.8% (1031/1044) vs. 96.2% (703/731), p < 0.001). Amniocentesis confirmed PGT-M outcomes in 100% of cases followed up (99/99). CONCLUSION: This study summarizes feasible solutions to various challenging scenarios encountered in PGT-M for thalassemia, providing valuable insights to enhance success rate of PGT-M in clinical practice.

Imatinib­induced gynecomastia: A case report.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the unregulated and abnormal proliferation of both mature and immature granulocytes, which results in the proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first-line treatment for patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, despite its favorable safety profile, imatinib use is associated with a number of side effects. Gynecomastia is a rare adverse effect of imatinib treatment and may be associated with an imbalance in sex hormones. The present study reports the case of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosed with gynecomastia after imatinib treatment. The aim of the present report was to highlight to clinicians this adverse reaction to imatinib treatment and investigate a treatment strategy with fewer side effects.

Priority areas identification for arable soil pollution prevention based on the accumulative risk of heavy metals.

Preventing impending heavy metal pollution in arable soil is crucial for ensuring food security and avoiding challenging remediation. The key to effective prevention strategies lies in proactive identifying currently unpolluted regions that are susceptible to future pollution, which current methods, predicated on the assessment of static pollution status, inadequately characterize the potential accumulative changes in soil heavy metals. In this paper, we proposed a framework for identifying priority areas based on the discrepancy between pollution status and accumulative risk, by considering the specific factors that influence heavy metal accumulation in soil. We applied this framework to a region of Xiangtan County to pinpoint priority areas for preventing impending pollution. The result revealed certain areas exhibited a relatively higher accumulative risk of heavy metal pollution, despite not having reached severe pollution levels for the heavy metals Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb), among which the area ratio reached nearly 6 %, 36 %, 1 %, 3 %, 4 %, respectively. The priority areas for preventing Cd pollution were primarily concentrated in the mid-southern, mid-western, and eastern regions, while that of the other four heavy metals were predominantly distributed in the mid-northern regions with varying continuous ranges. Moreover, we prioritized the main pollution risks for comprehensive prevention in the following order: Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Cr, and investigated the key factors contributing to the pollution of these heavy metals. The insights presented in this study have significant implications for soil environmental quality management, offering valuable guidance for implementing precise measures to prevent heavy metal pollution and efficiently control pollution sources.

Characteristics of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel polyphenols encapsulated with whey protein isolate and ß-cyclodextrin by spray-drying.

Pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) are recognized as promising food additives due to their diverse bioactivities; however, their application is limited by poor stability. To address this critical issue, three types of PPPs microcapsules were prepared using ß-cyclodextrin (CD), whey protein isolate (WPI), and a composite material of CD-WPI through ultrasound treatment (US). Results revealed that ultrasound treatment can enhance the PPPs-wall material interaction, as evidenced by MD simulations. The encapsulation efficiency of CD-WPI-PPPs was 93.73 %, which was significantly higher than that of CD-PPPs and WPI-PPPs (p < 0.05). The degradation rate constant of CD-WPI-PPPs was reduced by 95.83 %, and its t1/2 was extended by 23-fold compared to that of unencapsulated PPPs. Furthermore, CD-WPI-PPPs exhibited greater DPPH scavenging activity and inhibited polyphenol release during oral and gastric digestion while promoting release during intestinal digestion. These outcomes were attributed to enhanced integrity and interactions between PPPs and composite materials in the microcapsules formed through ultrasound treatment, as supported by SEM images and FT-IR spectra. Consequently, the application of US in the preparation of PPPs microcapsules presents a promising strategy for developing natural nutrient additives for food applications, thereby enhancing the functional properties of food products.

Development of a Sensitive Monoclonal Antibody-Based Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Lomefloxacin Detection in Meat Products.

Lomefloxacin (LOM), an antibiotic crucial for preventing various animal diseases in animal husbandry, can pose serious health risks when found in excessive amounts in meat products. The development of highly specific and sensitive colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips is essential for the accurate detection of this class of antibiotics. Our study utilized a monoclonal antibody (mAb) assay and immunochromatographic strips to detect lomefloxacin residues in meat products. The results showed minimal cross-reactivity with other structural analogs, with a maximum half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.93 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.38 to 2.3 ng/mL for the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). The recovery of LOM was 80% to 120%, with an average coefficient of variation below 5%. The immunochromatographic strip test results showed a visual detection limit of 2.5 ng/g, meeting the market requirements for the test. This study highlights the significance of specific and sensitive testing methods for detecting lomefloxacin, ensuring consumers' safety and health.

A systematic review on the morphology structure, propagation characteristics, resistance physiology and exploitation and utilization of Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov.

Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov., belonging to the family Nitrariaceae, is a drought-tolerant and salt-loving plant and has drawn attention for its good economic and ecological value. As one of the main group species and dominant species in China's desert and semi-desert regions, N. tangutorum possesses superior tolerance to drought, high temperature, cold, barren, high salinity and alkalinity and wind and sand. Its root system is well developed, with many branches and a strong germination capacity. Once buried in sandy soil, N. tangutorum can quickly produce a large number of adventitious roots, forming new plants and continuously expanding the shrubs, forming fixed and semi-fixed shrub sand dunes. Sand dune shrubs can trap and fix a large amounts of quicksand, prevent desert expansion and erosion, and play an important role in maintaining regional ecosystem balance and improving ecological environmental quality. In addition, the phytochemical screening studies report that N. tangutorum contains an abundance of various compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids and polysaccharides. These compounds confer a range of beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, liver protection, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, lowering blood lipid, regulating blood sugar level and immunoregulation. The fruits of N. tangutorum also contain vitamin C, amino acids, minerals and microelements. It has been traditionally used as a nutritional food source and in folk medicine to treat diseases of the spleen and stomach, abnormal menstruation, indigestion, and hyperlipidemia. N. tangutorum, as a wild plant with medicinal and edible homology, possesses remarkable economic and medicinal values. This detailed, comprehensive review gathers and presents all the information related to the morphological structure, propagation characteristics, resistance physiology and exploitation and utilization of N. tangutorum, providing a theoretical basis for the researchers to conduct future in-depth research on N. tangutorum.

Secondary Polycythemia May Be an Early Clinical Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that can cause anemia due to renal failure and bone marrow failure. Secondary polycythemia (SE) is a clinically rare disease that involves the overproduction of red blood cells. To our knowledge, the association of multiple myeloma and polycythemia has been reported, but the association of SE and multiple myeloma is rare and has been infrequently reported in literature. In contrast to anemia, the presence of polycythemia in multiple myeloma patients is a rare finding. A patient of IgA-λ multiple myeloma with secondary erythrocytosis recently admitted to our department is now reported as follows and relevant literature is reviewed to improve clinicians' awareness of such rare comorbidities.

Overview and limitations of database in global traditional medicines: A narrative review.

The study of traditional medicine has garnered significant interest, resulting in various research areas including chemical composition analysis, pharmacological research, clinical application, and quality control. The abundance of available data has made databases increasingly essential for researchers to manage the vast amount of information and explore new drugs. In this article we provide a comprehensive overview and summary of 182 databases that are relevant to traditional medicine research, including 73 databases for chemical component analysis, 70 for pharmacology research, and 39 for clinical application and quality control from published literature (2000-2023). The review categorizes the databases by functionality, offering detailed information on websites and capacities to facilitate easier access. Moreover, this article outlines the primary function of each database, supplemented by case studies to aid in database selection. A practical test was conducted on 68 frequently used databases using keywords and functionalities, resulting in the identification of highlighted databases. This review serves as a reference for traditional medicine researchers to choose appropriate databases and also provides insights and considerations for the function and content design of future databases.

Comparison of Characteristics Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Severe Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in China.

This study aimed to explore the different characteristics between early-onset severe preeclampsia (ESPE) and late-onset severe preeclampsia (LSPE) to improve pregnancy outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study between January 2016 and December 2021. Eligible hospitalized pregnant women with severe preeclampsia were assigned into the early-onset or late-onset group, depending on the gestational age at the time of severe preeclampsia onset (< or ≥ 34 gestational weeks, respectively). The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, maternal complications, and fetal and neonatal outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups. A total of 1,238 pregnant women were included, with 525 in the early-onset group and 713 in the late-onset group. The late-onset group had more cases of gestational diabetes, whereas the early-onset group had a higher blood pressure, showed more proteinuria, had more liver and renal damage, exhibited more serious adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, was more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit, and required longer hospital stays (all P < 0.05). In addition, the early-onset group had fewer prenatal care appointments and was more often transferred from a primary or secondary care hospital. The logistic regression analysis showed that a weekly weight gain of > 100 g was a risk factor for ESPE and that fewer prenatal care appointments were a risk factor for ESPE in pregnant women with female fetuses. Moreover, logistic regression analysis indicated that nulliparity and gestational diabetes during the current pregnancy were risk factors for LSPE. In conclusion, compared with the women with LSPE, those with ESPE usually had worse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. More frequent prenatal screening and care should be provided for pregnant women with high-risk factors.

The Relationship between SNAP25 and Some Common Human Neurological Syndromes.

Over the years, research on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases has progressed slowly worldwide. However, as the incidence rate continues to increase and the disease gradually develops, early diagnosis and treatment have become a top priority. SANP25, a protein present on the presynaptic membrane and involved in neurotransmitter release, is closely related to the loss or abnormal expression of synapses and neurons. SNAP25 deficiency can lead to synaptic disorders and inhibit neurotransmitter release. Therefore, a large amount of literature believes that SNAP25 gene mutation is a risk factor for many neurological diseases. This review used advanced search on PubMed to conduct extensive article searches for relevant literature. The search keywords included SNAP25 and Alzheimer's disease, SNAP25 and Parkinson's disease, and so on. After reading and summarizing the previous papers, the corresponding conclusions were obtained to achieve the purpose of the review. The deficiency or variation of SNAP25 might be related to the onset of schizophrenia, epilepsy, attention deficit/hypoactivity disorder, bipolar disorder effective disorder, and autism. SNAP25 has been found to be used as a neuropathological marker for neurological diseases, which could be the target of diagnosis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) or blood has been found to enable more effective drug development.

Astragalusliuaiminii, a new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Xinjiang, China.

A new species, Astragalusliuaiminii Z. Z. Yang & Q. R. Liu (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated from Xinjiang Province, China. The new species is close to A.wenquanensis S. B. Ho, but differs from the latter by leaves having a single leaflet (vs. 3-5 leaflets), and inflorescences with 1-2 flowers (vs. inflorescences with 5-7 flowers). It is also similar to A.monophyllus Maxim in leaf shape, but differs by its calyx expanding to become saccate and totally enveloping the pod (vs. calyx tubular, and ruptured by pod after flowering).

Associations between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune skin diseases: Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may be associated with various autoimmune diseases, but the causal relationship between T1DM and autoimmune skin diseases is not yet clear. Methods: The summary statistical data on T1DM and nine autoimmune skin diseases in European populations were extracted for mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Subsequently, the analysis was replicated in East Asian populations. In the MR estimation, inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were utilized. Outliers were excluded using MR-PRESSO, and horizontal pleiotropy was assessed with MR-Egger. Additionally, a multivariable MR analysis was conducted to investigate whether T1DM has an independent effect on autoimmune skin diseases after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: In Europe, the MR estimated based on IVW method indicated a causal association between genetically determined T1DM and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.26-1.50, p＜0.01), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05-1.25, p＜0.01), as well as multiple sclerosis (MS) (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36, p = 0.04), but there is no association between T1DM and atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, lichen planus (LP), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), alopecia areata (AA) and systemic sclerosis (SS). After adjusting for time spent watching television, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and body fat percentage, we found a causal relationship between T1DM and SLE (OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.16-1.44, p < 0.01), RA (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.20-1.38 p < 0.01) and MS (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.04-1.18, p < 0.01). Then, no genetic causal association was found between TIDM and SLE, and AD in East Asia. These results didn't exhibit horizontal pleiotropy, and "leave-one-out" analysis demonstrated result stability. Conclusion: Our MR research indicates a causal relationship between T1DM and SLE, RA, and MS in Europe. However, no causal relationship between T1DM and SLE has been observed in East Asia. Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor relevant immunological markers of SLE, RA, and MS in T1DM patients and take preventive measures.

The Role of Long Non-Coding RNF144A-AS1 in Cancer Progression.

RNAs transcribing more than 200 nucleotides without encoding proteins are termed long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). LncRNAs can be used as decoy molecules, signal molecules, scaffolds, and guide molecules. Long non-coding RNAs can interact with DNA, chromatin-modifying complexes, and transcriptional regulatory proteins, regulating gene expression in the cell nucleus. It is distributed in cytoplasm; they also participate in mRNA degradation and translational regulation via miRNAs, other transcription products, and proteins. They play a significant role in the development of various diseases, including tumors. Cancer seriously threatens human life and health. Regretfully, a great deal of newly diagnosed cancer patients found to have metastasized. RNF144A-AS1, also referred to as GRASLND, was initially recognized for its regulation of chondrogenic differentiation in MSCs. Focusing on RNF144A-AS1, this review summarizes and discusses the latest progress of RNF144A-AS1 in bladder cancer, glioblastoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer. RNF144A-AS1 has good potential in tumor treatment and diagnosis.

Medcheck: a novel software for automated de-formulation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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Uncovering the Shuixian tea grades hierarchy in Chinese national standard: From sensory evaluation to microstructure and volatile compounds analysis.

Basic standard samples are integral for ensuring consistency and quality control of tea. Understanding the real reasons behind the hierarchical system of Shuixian tea grades in the Chinese national standard is crucial to the scientific development of tea standardization. In this investigation, different grade samples of Shuixian tea strictly conformed to the Chinese national standard, serving as the research objects. Sensory evaluation, SEM and HS-SPME-GC-MS were employed to comprehensively analyze the aroma characteristics. The odor profiles of special grade samples predominantly featured floral and fruity aromas, which attributed to compounds such as geraniol, indole, phenylethyl alcohol. Additionally, hexanal, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol and other compounds contributed to fruity and sweet aroma in first grade. Notably, the predominant roasted and sweet aromas of second grade were attributed to compounds including pyridine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. This study lays a solid foundation for the scientific development of Chinese national standards and international standard system.

Encephalitozoon hellem infection after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a case report.

Background: Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection is a zoonotic disease, rarely observed in individuals, causing various clinical manifestations including diarrhea, keratoconjunctivitis, cystitis, etc. E. hellem infection after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare, serious complication. Case presentation: Herein, we present a case of E. hellem infection developing during HLA-haploidentical HSCT in a 9-year-old boy who suffered from aplastic anemia. On 15 days after HSCT, the patient developed recurrent and prolonged fever, diarrhea and hematuria. It is challenging to differentiate whether the symptoms mentioned in this case are caused by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or a specific infection. Based on the result of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and clinical observation, the patient was diagnosed as E. hellem infection, and received albendazole and decreased the immunosuppressive treatment. Finally, he had recovered. Conclusion: We should pay attention to the uncommon disease caused by the E. hellem infection after HSCT, especially in cases with immune reconstitution unrecovered. Among those rare infection, mNGS can be performed for better understanding the source of infection and targeted therapy, which can benefit the patients.

Exploiting tertiary lymphoid structures gene signature to evaluate tumor microenvironment infiltration and immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is a particular component of tumor microenvironment (TME). However, its biological mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been understood. We desired to reveal the TLS gene signature in CRC and evaluate its role in prognosis and immunotherapy response. Methods: The data was sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Based on TLS-related genes (TRGs), the TLS related subclusters were identified through unsupervised clustering. The TME between subclusters were evaluated by CIBERSORT and xCell. Subsequently, developing a risk model and conducting external validation. Integrating risk score and clinical characteristics to create a comprehensive nomogram. Further analyses were conducted to screen TLS-related hub genes and explore the relationship between hub genes, TME, and biological processes, using random forest analysis, enrichment and variation analysis, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis. Multiple immunofluorescence (mIF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to characterize the existence of TLS and the expression of hub gene. Results: Two subclusters that enriched or depleted in TLS were identified. The two subclusters had distinct prognoses, clinical characteristics, and tumor immune infiltration. We established a TLS-related prognostic risk model including 14 genes and validated its predictive power in two external datasets. The model's AUC values for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 0.704, 0.737, and 0.746. The low-risk group had a superior survival rate, more abundant infiltration of immune cells, lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, and exhibited better immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, we selected the top important features within the model: VSIG4, SELL and PRRX1. Enrichment analysis showed that the hub genes significantly affected signaling pathways related to TLS and tumor progression. The ceRNA network: PRRX1-miRNA (hsa-miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-485-5p) -lncRNA has been discovered. Finally, IHC and mIF results confirmed that the expression level of PRRX1 was markedly elevated in the TLS- CRC group. Conclusion: We conducted a study to thoroughly describe TLS gene signature in CRC. The TLS-related risk model was applicable for prognostic prediction and assessment of immunotherapy efficacy. The TLS-hub gene PRRX1, which had the potential to function as an immunomodulatory factor of TLS, could be a therapeutic target for CRC.

Golgi dispersal in cancer stem cells promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer via the Golgi stress response.

Chemotherapy is a crucial treatment for colorectal tumors. However, its efficacy is restricted by chemoresistance. Recently, Golgi dispersal has been suggested to be a potential response to chemotherapy, particularly to drugs that induce DNA damage. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Golgi dispersal enhances the capacity to resist DNA-damaging agents remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that DNA-damaging agents triggered Golgi dispersal in colorectal cancer (CRC), and cancer stem cells (CSCs) possessed a greater degree of Golgi dispersal compared with differentiated cancer cells (non-CSCs). We further revealed that Golgi dispersal conferred resistance against the lethal effects of DNA-damaging agents. Momentously, Golgi dispersal activated the Golgi stress response via the PKCα/GSK3α/TFE3 axis, resulting in enhanced protein and vesicle trafficking, which facilitated drug efflux through ABCG2. Identification of Golgi dispersal indicated an unexpected pathway regulating chemoresistance in CRC.