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Intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases,especially in the progression of heart failure.This paper mainly discussed the gut microbial metabolites trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)participated in the pathological process of heart failure,and application value of TMAO in heart failure patients.This paper introduced the change characteristics of intestinal flora and its metabolites in heart failure patients,illu-minated the TMAO-mediated inflammatory response,and the related signal pathways and mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.High levels of TMAO are associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure indicating a good predictive value for the prognosis of heart failure.Regulating TMAO levels through diet,probiotics and prebiotics,antibiotics,fecal transplan-tation,and other pathways is expected to be a potential treatment for heart failure.
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Objective To analyze the current situation and characteristics of risk factors in antithrombotic therapy(in-cluding antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments)at home and abroad,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis or bleeding associated with antithrombotic therapy.Methods The literature on risk factors of an-tithrombotic therapy published in Chinese databases(China Journal Full-text Data,Wanfang Database,VIP Database)and Eng-lish databases(PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE)from January 2011 to November 2021 was searched and bibliometric analy-sis was performed.The visualization analysis was performed using VOS viewer software.Results A total of 595 publications were included in the analysis.The top three countries for English publications were the USA,China,and Japan.The type of stud-ies were predominantly cohort studies,with sample sizes mostly being below 1 000.Risk factors for antithrombotic therapy are cat-egorized into those affecting antiplatelet drugs,warfarin,and new oral anticoagulants.Age,gender,renal function,and combination of antithrombotic drugs are common risk factors,and different risk factors of antithrombotic drugs also have their characteristics.Conclusion While there is substantial research on risk factors in antithrombotic therapy globally,the sample size needs to be improved.Pharmacists should provide individualized medication services based on different drugs and different groups to ensure medication safety for patients.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of erianin （ERI） on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） and its mechanism. METHODS PCOS rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone， and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into PCOS group， ERI low-dose， medium- dose and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg） and ERI high dose + verteporfin group （40 mg/kg ERI + 10 mg/kg verteporfin）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were selected as the normal group. Rats in each administration group were given corresponding dose of ERI and/or intraperitoneal injection of vitiporfin， and rats in the PCOS group and normal group were orally administered an equal volume of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After administration， the body weight， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were detected in each group； morphological changes in ovarian tissue were observed， and the apoptosis of ovarian tissue cells was analyzed. Apoptosis-associated proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3] and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway associated proteins [large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， phosphorylated LATS1 （p-LATS1） and Yes associated protein （YAP）， phosphorylated YAP （p-YAP）， transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif （TAZ）] were detected in ovarian tissue. RESULTS Compared with PCOS group， the ovarian polycystic characteristics of the ERI low-dose， medium-dose，and high-dose groups were reduced， the number of atretic follicles was reduced， and the granulosa cell layer was thickened； the body mass， FPG， T， LH， LH/FSH， the number of cystic follicles， cell apoptosis index， protein expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， p-LATS1 and p-YAP were greatly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of corpus luteum， protein expressions of E2， Bcl-2， LATS1， YAP and TAZ were greatly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with ERI high-dose group， the above indexes in ERI high-dose + vitiporfin group were inhibited （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ERI can promote the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and improve the level of sex hormones in PCOS rats， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of erianin （ERI） on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） and its mechanism. METHODS PCOS rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone， and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into PCOS group， ERI low-dose， medium- dose and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg） and ERI high dose + verteporfin group （40 mg/kg ERI + 10 mg/kg verteporfin）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were selected as the normal group. Rats in each administration group were given corresponding dose of ERI and/or intraperitoneal injection of vitiporfin， and rats in the PCOS group and normal group were orally administered an equal volume of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After administration， the body weight， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were detected in each group； morphological changes in ovarian tissue were observed， and the apoptosis of ovarian tissue cells was analyzed. Apoptosis-associated proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3] and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway associated proteins [large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， phosphorylated LATS1 （p-LATS1） and Yes associated protein （YAP）， phosphorylated YAP （p-YAP）， transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif （TAZ）] were detected in ovarian tissue. RESULTS Compared with PCOS group， the ovarian polycystic characteristics of the ERI low-dose， medium-dose，and high-dose groups were reduced， the number of atretic follicles was reduced， and the granulosa cell layer was thickened； the body mass， FPG， T， LH， LH/FSH， the number of cystic follicles， cell apoptosis index， protein expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， p-LATS1 and p-YAP were greatly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of corpus luteum， protein expressions of E2， Bcl-2， LATS1， YAP and TAZ were greatly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with ERI high-dose group， the above indexes in ERI high-dose + vitiporfin group were inhibited （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ERI can promote the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and improve the level of sex hormones in PCOS rats， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.
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Objective To construct,implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual simulation technology-based prenatal health education course.Methods The curriculum included 4 parts:"warm delivery room and easy delivery","medicated analgesic delivery","non-medicated analgesic delivery"and"early maternal and infant health care".From May to September 2022,100 primiparas in an obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Zhejiang Province were investigated by convenient sampling method.Random number table method was used to divide the participants into an experimental group and a control group,with 50 participants per group.The control group received conventional health education,while the experimental group received an augmented virtual reality technology-based prenatal health education course during the late stages of pregnancy on this basis.We conducted a post-intervention comparative analysis of antenatal anxiety levels,fear of childbirth,and birth outcomes between the 2 groups.Furthermore,a post-intervention satisfaction survey was administered to the experimental group.Results After intervention,the antenatal anxiety of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(x2=4.943,P=0.026),and the decrease in fear of childbirth scores was higher than that of the control group(t=3.200,P=0.002).The experimental group was highly satisfied with all of the 4 dimensions of the course,and the overall evaluation was(31.8±3.23)points.However,there were no significant differences in vaginal delivery rate,postpartum bleeding volume,postpartum hemorrhage incidence,perineal injury degree and duration of each labor stage between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The virtual reality technology-based prenatal health education course was effective in improving the antenatal anxiety and fear of childbirth of primipara,and the use satisfaction is high.
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Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a highly conserved member of the family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. LRG1 has been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. Recent studies have shown that LRG1 is abnormally expressed in many digestive system tumors, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. LRG1 has also been reported to be closely related to tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and poor prognosis. This paper reviews the research progress of LRG1 in many digestive system tumors, providing new ideas for LRG1-based anti-tumor treatment.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） is a progressive interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. At present， there are few antifibrotic drugs， which have limited efficacy and cause diverse side effects in the treatment of IPF， failing to meet the clinical needs. Therefore， it is urgent to develop more safe and effective drugs to treat IPF. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has garnered increasing attention in recent years in the treatment of IPF due to its unique advantages. Increasing studies have shown that Chinese medicines have remarkable therapeutic effects on IPF and broad application prospects. However， the unclear material basis and mechanism in treating IPF hinders the modernization， internationalization， and clinical application of Chinese medicines. Therefore， it is essential to decipher the mechanism of the active components in Chinese medicines in treating IPF， which has gradually become a hot spot in the research on IPF. Increasing research results have demonstrated that anti-inflammation， anti-oxidation， inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition are involved in the treatment of IPF with these active components， whereas the systematic research and summary remain to be carried out. By reviewing the articles about the treatment of IPF with the active components in Chinese medicines in recent years， this paper summarizes the mechanism and experimental studies and puts forward the existing problems in the research on the mechanism， aiming to provide references for the further basic research on IPF and the development of targerted drugs.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the status of self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life of people with physical disabilities, and analyze the relationship among them. MethodsFrom January, 2019 to December, 2020, 357 people with physical disabilities in Shandong were selected with cluster stratified random sampling, and all the participants were investigated with a general questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Disability Scales, General Self-Efficacy Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Care and Support Scale-Disability Scale on internet. ResultsA total of 357 questionnaires were collected, in which 350 were valid. The total score was (115.00±20.70) for quality of life, (23.33±5.78) for self-efficacy, and (50.43±10.56) for quality of care. The quality of life and its each domain was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r > 0.282, P < 0.01), quality of care, care information acquisition, care giving and care environment (r > 0.369, P < 0.01). Employment, self-efficacy and quality of care associated with the quality of life (t > 4.386, P < 0.001); employment, self-efficacy, care giving and care environment associated with the physiological, psychological and environment domains of the quality of life (t > 2.926, P < 0.01); parents as main caregivers, employment, self-efficacy, care giving and care environment associated with social relationships domain of the quality of life (|t| > 2.525, P < 0.05); parents as main caregivers, employment, care giving and care environment associated with the disability domain of the quality of life (|t| > 2.209, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe quality of life needs to be improved for the people with physical disabilities. Self-efficacy and quality of care may impact the quality of life; and it is needed to focus on the people with physical disabilities who are unemployed and whose parents are the main caregivers.
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Tinnitus refers to the perception of abnormal sound in the absence of external sound stimulation. It can have an impact on a person's mood, memory, attention, and mental state, although the mechanism of tinnitus is still unclear. In recent years, the research on the central neural mechanism of tinnitus has attracted the attention of scholars.Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）,as an effective imaging technology, has been actively employed in this field. This paper provides a systematic summary of studies on the central neural mechanism of tinnitus by fMRI in recent years,revealed the changes of functional connections among tinnitus-related neural networks,such as auditory network,limbic system,default mode network and salience network. The central neural mechanism of tinnitus involves multiple networks that interact with each other. By understanding this mechanism, we hope to develop more targeted prevention and treatment strategies to help patients alleviate long-term tinnitus.
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Humans , Tinnitus/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , AttentionABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the early clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in order to further improve the understanding of the disease.Methods:A total of 312 children with COVID-19 under 16 years old who were first diagnosed in the children′s fever clinic at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from March to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The epidemiology, early clinical features and blood routine results of children were described, and the blood routine results among different age groups were compared.Results:The median age of 312 children was 3.15(1.47, 6.51) years.The proportion of infection rate of children with different ages from high to low were 1~3 years old, > 6 years old, 3~6 years old and ≤ 1 year old.Only 17 (5.4%) cases had underlying diseases.Additionally, 70.2% patients had definite positive case reports in their residential communities, and 65.1% showed a familial cluster.Moreover, 96.2% patients had fever and 52.9% patients had respiratory symptoms.The main symptoms are fever (96.2%), cough (38.1%), runny nose (20.2%), vomiting (14.7%), sore throat (11.5%), poor appetite (6.7%), nasal congestion (4.5%), expectoration (4.5%), convulsion (4.2%), diarrhea (3.8%), etc.Among 309 children, 11.3% patients had increased white blood cell count, especially in children over 6 years old ( P=0.006); 31.7% patients had decreased lymphocyte count and 32.4% had increased C-reactive protein.The positive rate of point-of-care testing was as high as 99%. Conclusion:Children with COVID-19 in Shanghai had the characteristics of familial cluster.The main symptoms are fever and respiratory symptoms.Most of the blood routine leukocytes have no obvious changes, and a few have lymphopenia and C-reactive protein elevation.Point-of-care testing detection can help the children′s fever clinic to early screen COVID-19.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with cardiovascular, renal complications, osteoporosis and other comorbidities. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) can reduce blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting urine glucose excretion, and has the effect of weight loss and blood pressure reduction. Large randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that SGLT-2i can improve the prognosis of cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. This article focuses on the effects of SGLT-2i on cardiorenal outcomes and bone metabolism in addition to the glucose-lowering effect. SGLT-2i can improve the prognosis of patients with coronary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure, reduce cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, and has renal protective effect. Moreover, the cardiorenal protective effect is proved to be consistent in people without type 2 diabetes. SGLT-2i has a regulatory effect on bone mineral ions and bone metabolism related hormones, and its risk of osteoporosis and fracture deserves attention. Although data suggest that canagliflozin may increase fracture risk, meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials have concluded that SGLT-2i does not significantly increase fracture risk. However, for patients with high risk of fracture, bone mineral density and bone turnover biomarkers should be considered to assess the risk of fracture before prescription.
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Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. As the pathway between the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, brain-gut axis has become one of the research hotspots in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Intestinal flora imbalance may mediate or affect vascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic diseases, and ischemic stroke, and finally accelerate the occurrence and development of VCI. This article reviews the literature on intestinal flora and VCI as well as its main risk factors, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of VCI.
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Objective:To analyze the prenatal diagnosis results and pregnancy outcomes of conotruncal defects (CTD) fetuses, and to explore the correlation between the CTD and chromosome diseases.Methods:A total of 297 cases of invasive prenatal diagnosis and chromosome analysis were collected at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center due to CTD from January 1st, 2011 to December 31th, 2019. According to ultrasonic diagnosis, CTD fetuses were divided into 6 subtypes: tetralogy of Fallot (109 cases), pulmonary atresia (30 cases), transposition of the great arteries (77 cases), double outlet right ventricle (53 cases), truncus arteriosus (14 cases) and interrupted aortic arch (14 cases). According to whether they were combined with intracardiac or extracardiac abnormalities, they were divided into simple group (134 cases), combined with other intracardiac abnormalities group (86 cases), combined with extracardiac abnormalities group (20 cases), combined with intracardiac and extracardiac abnormalities group (37 cases) and only combined with ultrasound soft marker group (20 cases), the last 4 groups were referred as non-simple types. The chromosome test results and pregnancy outcomes of each type and group were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Among the 297 CTD fetuses, the chromosome abnormality rate was 17.5% (52/297). There were 21 cases of abnormal chromosome number, 28 cases of pathogenetic copy number variantions and 3 cases of mosaics. All the 19 cases of micropathogenic fragments smaller than 5 Mb were detected by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Among all the subtypes of CTD, the chromosomal abnormality rate of truncus arteriosus was the highest, at 7/14; while the rate of transposition of the great arteries was the lowest, at 5.2% (4/77). There were significant differences in the rate of chromosomal abnormalities between simple and non-simple types [10.4% (14/134) vs 23.3% (38/163); χ2 =8.428, P=0.004]. In each group, the chromosomal abnormality rate was the highest in the combined with intracardiac and extracardiac abnormalities group, at 37.8% (14/37), and the lowest in the simple group, at 10.4% (14/134). There was no significant difference in the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in all subtypes of simple group (all P>0.05). Among 112 cases of live birth, 1 case was 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, 5 cases of postnatal clinical diagnosis and prenatal ultrasound diagnosis were not completely consistent, 5 cases died after birth. Conclusions:The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is high in fetuses with CTD. CTD fetuses with concurrent extrapardiac malformations are more likely to incorporate chromosomal abnormalities. CMA technology could be used as a first-line genetic detection method for CTD. After excluding chromosomal abnormalities, most of the children with CTD have good prognosis.
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BACKGROUND@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remains a serious health threat worldwide. We aimed to investigate whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can promote organ function recovery in moderate Covid-19 pneumonia patients.@*METHODS@#We initiated an LMWH protocol in Covid-19 patients with increased D-dimer, body mass index >30 kg/m2 or a history of diabetes from January 18, 2020 at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. In this retrospective study, we assigned moderate Covid- 19 pneumonia patients admitted between January 18th and April 18, 2020 receiving the LMWH protocol to the LMWH group. Moderate patients who met the inclusion criteria but did not receive LMWH protocol were included in the control group by 1:2 propensity score matching. General clinical information, indicators for renal function, arterial blood gas analyses, arterial blood lactic acid content (mmol/L), and coagulation indexes at 0 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 11 days after admission were recorded and compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There were 41 patients in the LMWH group and 82 patients in the control group. General information in both groups were similar. Compared to the control group, the arterial blood lactic acid content (mmol/L) at day 11 (1.3 [1.1, 1.7] vs. 1.2 [0.9, 1.3], P = 0.016) was reduced in the LMWH group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the LMWH group was higher than that in the control group at day 7 (108.54 [89.11, 128.17] vs. 116.85 [103.39, 133.47], P = 0.039) and day 11 (113.74 [94.49, 126.34] vs. 128.31 [112.75, 144, 12], P = 0.003). The serum creatinine levels (Scr) in the LMWH group were lower than that in the control group at day 7 (62.13 [51.47, 77.64] vs. 55.49 [49.50, 65.75], P = 0.038) and day 11 (63.35 [50.17, 75.73] vs. 51.62 [44.62, 61.24], P = 0.005).@*CONCLUSIONS@#LMWH treatment can reduce arterial blood lactic acid levels and improve eGFR in moderate Covid-19 pneumonia patients. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate this issue.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000034796.
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Humans , COVID-19 , China , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use , Lactic Acid , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and pose a grave threat to human life and health. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent malignancy occupying 80% of all lung cancer subtypes. Except for other mutations (
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Objective:To investigate the acute kidney injury(AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for cyanotic congenital heart diseases(C-CHD) as well as and acyanotic congenital heart diseases(A-CHD)and its possible influencing factors.Methods:One hundred and three patients with CHD admitted to PICU of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University were enrolled from July 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019.The patients were divided into C-CHD group( n=36)and A-CHD group( n=67). The preoperative general data and information related to the operation of two groups were recorded.Hemodynamic data, oxygen metabolism index, dose of vasoactive drugs during or after operation and liquid equilibrium were assessed after surgery.The incidence and stage of AKI were calculated.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between hemodynamic index and oxygen metabolism index and AKI.The predictive value of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism for AKI after cardiac surgery was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results:A total of one hundred and three patients were enrolled including sixty-two males and forty-one females, the median age was 7(4, 24) months old.The preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit in the C-CHD group were higher than those in the A-CHD group( P<0.05). Compared with the A-CHD group, the C-CHD group had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades and Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery Grades, longer operation time and cardiopulmonary bypass time( P<0.05). Central venous pressure in C-CHD group was higher than that in A-CHD group, and C-CHD group had higher dose of vasoactive drugs after surgery( P<0.05). Compared with the C-CHD group, blood lactic acid was lower and arterial oxygen partial pressure was higher in the A-CHD group( P<0.05). Fifty patients developed AKI in the PICU, and the incidence of AKI in the A-CHD group was higher than that in the C-CHD, but there was no statistical significance(53.7% vs.38.9%, P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that partial arterial oxygen pressure and arterial oxygen satiety were independent risk factors for AKI( P<0.05). The large circulation index could not directly reflect the renal perfusion.Compared with using hemodynamic index or oxygen metabolism index alone to predict the occurrence of AKI 48 h after the operation, the combined application of the two methods had higher predictive value for AKI. Conclusion:Compared with patient with A-CHD, patients with C-CHD have higher tolerance to renal damage caused by surgery, and the kidney of patient with C-CHD have higher tolerance to postoperative fluid load and demand lower oxygen consumption.It is of great clinical significance to evaluate the changes of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism after cardiac surgery for the prevention and treatment of renal injury.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the protective effects of drug-contained serum of Xiaoxuming decoction （XXM）on astrocyte of oxygen and glucose deprivation model rats ，and to explore its mechanisms. METHODS ：The astrocytes of rats were randomly divided into control group ，model group and XXM low-dose ，middle-dose，high-dose groups. The cells in the control group were not treated ；after 2.5 h of OGD ，model group and XXM low-dose ，middle-dose，high-dose groups were reoxygenated for 0，3，6，12 h in 0（i.e. the model group was not added with drugs ），2.5％，5％，10％ of XXM ，respectively. The content of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）was detected by colorimetry. The reactive oxygen species （ROS）level was detected by fluorescence probe method ，and the expression of Manganese superoxide dismutase （MnSOD）was determined by immunofluorescence double staining method in control group ，model group and XXM high-dose group after 12 h of reoxygenation following OGD. RESULTS ： The content of LDH in the control group was always kept at a low level ；LDH content in the model group gradually increased from （110.99±17.06）U/L to （436.64±55.29）U/L after 0-12 h of reoxygenation following OGD ，which was significantly higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group at the same time point after reoxygenation following OGD ，the contents of LDH in the cells of XXM low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups were decreased to different extents ，and showed a time-and dose-dependent trend. The contents of LDH in XXM groups at 6 and 12 h after reoxygenation following OGD were significantly lower than that of the model group （P＜0.05）. At 12 h after reoxygenation following OGD ，the levels of ROS in model group were significantly higher than control group ， while the level of MnSOD was significantly lower than control group（P＜0.05）. The level of ROS in XXM high-dose group hospital.sh.cn was significantly lower than model group ，while the level of MnSOD was significantly higher than model group （P＜0.05）.. CONCLUSIONS：XXM can protect astrocyte by up-regulating sh.cn levels of MnSOD ，scavenging excessive oxygen free radicals ， to relieve the OGD induced astrocytic injury ，with protective effect.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Consecutive patients with AIS without performing intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy admitted to the Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled. The clinical, imaging and laboratory examination data were collected. HT was defined as the first imaging examination of AIS patients without finding bleeding signs, but the imaging reexamination after hospitalization found intracranial hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between NLR and HT. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of NLR for HT. Results:A total of 805 patients with AIS were included. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 63-71 years), the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 4 (interquartile range, 2-9), the median NLR was 3.84 (interquartile range, 2.66-5.30). Seventy-ywo patients (8.9%) had HT. There were significant differences in age, baseline systolic blood pressure, baseline NIHSS score, time from onset to admission, time from onset to blood collection, time from onset to imaging reexamination, NLR, atrial fibrillation, history of previous stroke and transient ischemic attack and stroke etiology between the HT group and the non-HT group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for HT in patients with AIS after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio 1.355, 95% confidence interval 1.099-1.672; P=0.005). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of NLR predicting HT was 0.852, and the optimal cut-off value was 4.75. Its sensitivity and specificity of predicting HT were 88.3% and 71.8% respectively. Conclusion:High NLR is an independent risk factor for HT in patients with AIS during hospitalization, and had better predictive value for HT risk.
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Influenza virus infection mainly mediates pathology in respiratory tract, but recent years it has drawn widespread attention by its extrapulmonary complications.Among all the complications, influenza associated encephalo-pathy/encephalitis (IAE), which has high morbidity and mortality, is the most lethal one that causes death in critically ill cases, and even those patients who are cured commonly suffer from neurological sequelae.However, there is little knowledge about IAE in the international society.In this paper, the research progress in IAE would be reviewed from such aspects as clinical manifestations, epidemiologic data, risk factors, classification, treatment, prognosis and mechanism, for the purpose of deepening the comprehension of this disease.
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Stroke is one of the most important diseases in the world with high mortality and disability rate. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is more than 80% in total. At present, the main treatments for AIS include intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular mechanical thrombectomy. Cognitive impairment is a common or potentially disabling effect of stroke, but the optimal treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment remains controversial. This article reviews the effects of treatments for acute ischemic stroke on cognitive function.