Amphichdiral enhancement on singlet oxygen generation and stable thallium immobilization using iron-driven copper oxide.

Thallium (Tl) as a prominent priority contaminant in aquatic environment necessitates rigorous regulation. However, limited horizon devotes the impact of selective oxidation on the process of thallium purification. In this study, selective active radical of singlet oxygen (1O2) was continually generated for Tl(Ⅰ) oxidation accomplished with efficient Tl(Ⅲ) immobilization using iron-driven copper oxide (CuFe)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Fe-doping changed the active center of electronic structure for enhancing the catalytic and adsorptive reactivities, and installed magnetism for solid-liquid separation. Rapid reaction rate (0.253 min-1) coupled with vigorous elimination efficiency (98.32%) relied on electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and H-bond interaction. EPR and XPS analyses demonstrated that the synergistic effects of ≡ Cu(Ⅰ)/≡Cu(Ⅱ) and ≡ Fe(Ⅲ)/≡Fe(Ⅱ) redounded to the sustained generation of 1O2 through the pathway of PMS → •O2- → 1O2, and 1O2 exploited an advantage to selectively oxidize Tl(Ⅰ) to Tl(Ⅲ). 3D isosurface cubic charts revealed that the immobilizing ability of Tl(Ⅲ) hydrate for CuFe was notably superior to that of Tl(Ⅲ) hydrate for CuO and Tl(Ⅰ) hydrate for CuO/CuFe, which further attested surface reactivity promoted stable immobilization form. This work develops the continuous generation of 1O2 and stable immobilization with the goal of efficiently cleansing Tl-containing wastewater.

Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides reshape the gut microbiota to ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized inflammatory imbalance, intestinal epithelial mucosal damage, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCPs) can regulate gut microbiota and inflammation. Here, the different doses of PCPs were administered to dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC mice, and the effects of the whole PCPs were compared with those of the fractionated fractions PCP-1 (19.9 kDa) and PCP-2 (71.6 and 4.2 kDa). Additionally, an antibiotic cocktail was administered to UC mice to deplete the gut microbiota, and PCPs were subsequently administered to elucidate the potential role of the gut microbiota in these mice. The results revealed that PCP treatment significantly optimized the lost weight and shortened colon, restored the balance of inflammation, mitigated oxidative stress, and restored intestinal epithelial mucosal damage. And, the PCPs exhibited superior efficacy in ameliorating these symptoms compared with PCP-1 and PCP-2. However, depletion of the gut microbiota diminished the therapeutic effects of PCPs in UC mice. Furthermore, fecal transplantation from PCP-treated UC mice to new UC-afflicted mice produced therapeutic effects similar to PCP treatment. So, PCPs significantly ameliorated the symptoms, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal mucosal damage in UC mice, and gut microbiota partially mediated these effects.

Role of galacturonic acid in acrylamide formation: Insights from structural analysis.

Acrylamide (AA) is a neoformed compound in heated foods, mainly produced between asparagine (Asn) and glucose (Glc) during the Maillard reaction. Galacturonic acid (GalA), the major component of pectin, exhibits high activity in AA formation. This study investigated the pathway for AA formation between GalA and Asn. Three possible pathways were proposed: 1) The carbonyl group of GalA directly interacts with Asn to produce AA; 2) GalA undergoes an oxidative cleavage reaction to release α-dicarbonyl compounds, which subsequently leads to AA production; 3) 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid, the thermal degradation product of GalA, reacts with Asn to generate AA. Structural analysis revealed that the COOH group in GalA accelerated intramolecular protonation and electron transfer processes, thereby increasing the formation of AA precursors such as decarboxylated Schiff base and α-dicarbonyl compounds, promoting AA formation. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the formation and control of AA.

The application of unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology in online tourism design.

Tilt photography of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is widely used in urban management, cadastral mapping, disaster monitoring and other fields, but there are few innovative applications in online tourism. In this study, empirical design and usability testing methods were adopted, advanced positioning technology and Cesium engine were used to build a 3D real online travel application based on tilt photography, and the interactive function was realized through JavaScript language dynamic interactive function script. Meanwhile, combined with the questionnaire survey, the mobile application Rating Scale (MARS) was used to evaluate the function and quality of the application. The results show that engagement, functionality and aesthetics have no significant influence on user perception. Information quality and subjective quality of application have significant positive influence on user perception, and the influence of information quality is more significant. This study extends the application of oblique photography in tourism and provides experience for the development of tourism digitization.

The global landscape of approved antibody therapies.

Antibody therapies have become an important class of therapeutics in recent years as they have exhibited outstanding efficacy and safety in the treatment of several major diseases including cancers, immune-related diseases, infectious disease and hematological disease. There has been significant progress in the global research and development landscape of antibody therapies in the past decade. In this review, we have collected available data from the Umabs Antibody Therapies Database (Umabs-DB, https://umabs.com) as of 30 June 2022. The Umabs-DB shows that 162 antibody therapies have been approved by at least one regulatory agency in the world, including 122 approvals in the US, followed by 114 in Europe, 82 in Japan and 73 in China, whereas biosimilar, diagnostic and veterinary antibodies are not included in our statistics. Although the US and Europe have been at the leading position for decades, rapid advancement has been witnessed in Japan and China in the past decade. The approved antibody therapies include 115 canonical antibodies, 14 antibody-drug conjugates, 7 bispecific antibodies, 8 antibody fragments, 3 radiolabeled antibodies, 1 antibody-conjugate immunotoxin, 2 immunoconjugates and 12 Fc-Fusion proteins. They have been developed against 91 drug targets, of which PD-1 is the most popular, with 14 approved antibody-based blockades for cancer treatment in the world. This review outlined the global landscape of the approved antibody therapies with respect to the regulation agencies, therapeutic targets and indications, aiming to provide an insight into the trends of the global development of antibody therapies.

Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Probe for Profiling of Aldehydes during Oxidation of Unsaturated Lipids.

A lipophilic naphthalimide hydrazine fluorescent probe was successfully developed in this study for profiling aldehyde oxidation products. Dodecyl amine was applied to afford lipophilicity of the fluorescent probe for lipids. Investigation of fluorescence properties of the probe and condensation products with typical aldehydes including MDA and hexanal revealed significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity after condensation due to the inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer. MDA and hexanal could be differentiated by the probe through emission of different fluorescence colors (blue, MDA; green, hexanal). Eight major oxidation components including seven aldehydes were detected by the fluorescent probe coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry during aerobic oxidation of typical unsaturated lipids. Formation of these aldehyde oxidation products was rationalized through the radical oxidation mechanism. Detection of representative aldehyde products demonstrated the generality in the application of this fluorescent probe for profiling of aldehydes after lipid oxidation.

Research on the Structural Relationship of Online Persistent Purchase of Museum Cultural and Creative Products in the Context of Digitalization.

With the development and support of modern technologies such as digital media and online live stream, it has become an effective way to promote the online transaction of museum cultural and creative products. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model combined with the Post-Acceptance Model of Information System Continuance and the theories on customer satisfaction index, this research introduces perceived interest (PI) and media richness (MR) as variables and constructs a model of the influencing factors of online consumers' persistent purchase (PP) of museum products. The research model and related hypotheses were verified through structural equation modeling (SEM). The research found that perceived value (PV) and satisfaction (SAT) are the key variables that have impact on the PP of consumers. Perceived quality, brand trust, MR, PI, and perceived usefulness have significant effects on PV and SAT. Involvement in purchasing decisions positively moderates the impact on SAT of PV. The conclusion can be referred to for operators and product developers.

Influence of citral on acrylamide formation in model systems.

This work aimed to evaluate the role of citral (Cit) in the formation of acrylamide (AA) in model systems. The asparagine (Asn)/glucose (Glc), Asn/Glc/ginger essential oil (GEO), and Asn/Glc/Cit model systems were prepared and analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Cit was implicated to be a major product that contributed to the enhancement of AA formation by GEO. The addition of Cit significantly enhanced the formation of AA in the Asn/Glc model system in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis showed Cit rather than its oxidation product played a major role in AA formation. Cit not only directly reacted with Asn via the Maillard reaction producing AA but also promoted the formation of AA between Asn and Glc.

Potential probiotic of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal tracts of pigs and feces of dogs with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria.

The occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has become a serious problem in animals and public. The objective of this study was to identify and isolate lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains from the intestinal tracts of pigs and feces of dogs and then characterize them as potential probiotics with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. In a preliminary isolation screening, 45 of 1167 isolated LAB strains were found to have anti-S. aureus ATCC 27,735 activity. Using 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequences, five of these isolates were further identified as Lactobacillus animalis 30a-2, Lactobacillus reuteri 4-12E, Weissella cibaria C34, Lactococcus lactis 5-12H, and Lactococcus lactis 6-3H. Antimicrobial substance assays suggest that the L. lactis 5-12H, L. lactis 6-3H, L. animalis 30a-2, L. reuteri 4-12E, and W. cibaria C34 strains might produce bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as antimicrobial substances. The L. animalis 30a-2 and W. cibaria C34 strains were further characterized for probiotic properties and shown to have high acid and bile salt tolerance. Additionally, they have broad antimicrobial spectra, and can significantly repress the growth of all of the tested strains of MRSA isolates, some MDRAB, ESBL E. coli, and P. aeruginosa isolates, along with food-borne pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Listeria monocytogens ATCC 19111, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica BCRC 12986. This is the first report of H2O2-producing L. animalis 30a-2 and W. cibaria C34 isolated from the intestinal tracts of pigs and feces of dogs that have good antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant and food-borne pathogenic bacteria and have excellent probiotic properties.

CaNRT2.1 Is Required for Nitrate but Not Nitrite Uptake in Chili Pepper Pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum.

Chili peppers are an important food additive used in spicy cuisines worldwide. However, the yield and quality of chilis are threatened by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Despite the impact of C. acutatum on chili production, the genes involved in fungal development and pathogenicity in this species have not been well characterized. In this study, through T-DNA insertional mutagenesis, we identified a mutant strain termed B7, which is defective for the growth of C. acutatum on a minimal nutrient medium. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that a large fragment DNA (19.8 kb) is deleted from the B7 genome, thus resulting in the deletion of three genes, including CaGpiP1 encoding a glycosylphosphatidyl-inisotol (GPI)-anchored protein, CaNRT2.1 encoding a membrane-bound nitrate/nitrite transporter, and CaRQH1 encoding a RecQ helicase protein. In addition, T-DNA is inserted upstream of the CaHP1 gene encoding a hypothetical protein. Functional characterization of CaGpiP1, CaNRT2.1, and CaHP1 by targeted gene disruption and bioassays indicated that CaNRT2.1 is responsible for the growth-defective phenotype of B7. Both B7 and CaNRT2.1 mutant strains cannot utilize nitrate as nitrogen sources, thus restraining the fungal growth on a minimal nutrient medium. In addition to CaNRT2.1, our results showed that CaGpiP1 is a cell wall-associated GPI-anchored protein. However, after investigating the functions of CaGpiP1 and CaHP1 in fungal pathogenicity, growth, development and stress tolerance, we were unable to uncover the roles of these two genes in C. acutatum. Collectively, in this study, our results identify the growth-defective strain B7 via T-DNA insertion and reveal the critical role of CaNRT2.1 in nitrate transportation for the fungal growth of C. acutatum.

Superoleophilic nanoporous polymeric ionic liquids loaded with palladium acetate: reactants enrichment and efficient heterogeneous catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.

We report here successful synthesis of superoleophilic, nanoporous polymeric ionic liquids supported palladium acetate (PDVB-[C3vim][SO3CF3]-Pd-xs, where x stands for the weight percentage of palladium acetate), which act as efficient heterogeneous catalysts in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. PDVB-[C3vim][SO3CF3] support was synthesized from solvothermal copolymerization of divinylbenzene with vinylimidazole without using any templates, followed by functionalized with ionic liquid groups. The resultant PDVB-[C3vim][SO3CF3]-Pd-xs possess large BET surface areas, good stability, homogeneous dispersion of Pd active species, and superwettability for various aromatic reactants, which result in their much improved reactants enrichment property. The above characters make PDVB-[C3vim][SO3CF3]-Pd-xs showed much improved catalytic activity and good recyclability in Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in comparison with those of palladium acetate supported onto activated carbon and ordered mesoporous silica of SBA-15. The superior activity found in PDVB-[C3vim][SO3CF3]-Pd-xs is attributed to synergistic effects between large surface areas and unique enrichment property for various aromatic reactants, which by themselves are capable of enhancing exposition degree of Pd active sites to reactants.

A positive feedback loop between HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN101 and HEAT STRESS-ASSOCIATED 32-KD PROTEIN modulates long-term acquired thermotolerance illustrating diverse heat stress responses in rice varieties.

Heat stress is an important factor that has a negative impact on rice (Oryza sativa) production. To alleviate this problem, it is necessary to extensively understand the genetic basis of heat tolerance and adaptability to heat stress in rice. Here, we report the molecular mechanism underlying heat acclimation memory that confers long-term acquired thermotolerance (LAT) in this monocot plant. Our results showed that a positive feedback loop formed by two heat-inducible genes, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN101 (HSP101) and HEAT STRESS-ASSOCIATED 32-KD PROTEIN (HSA32), at the posttranscriptional level prolongs the effect of heat acclimation in rice seedlings. The interplay between HSP101 and HSA32 also affects basal thermotolerance of rice seeds. These findings are similar to those reported for the dicot plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), suggesting a conserved function in plant heat stress response. Comparison between two rice cultivars, japonica Nipponbare and indica N22 showed opposite performance in basal thermotolerance and LAT assays. 'N22' seedlings have a higher basal thermotolerance level than cv Nipponbare and vice versa at the LAT level, indicating that these two types of thermotolerance can be decoupled. The HSP101 and HSA32 protein levels were substantially higher in cv Nipponbare than in cv N22 after a long recovery following heat acclimation treatment, at least partly explaining the difference in the LAT phenotype. Our results point out the complexity of thermotolerance diversity in rice cultivars, which may need to be taken into consideration when breeding for heat tolerance for different climate scenarios.

Identifying 8-hydroxynaringenin as a suicide substrate of mushroom tyrosinase.

A biotransformed metabolite of naringenin was isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus oryzae, fed with naringenin, and identified as 8-hydroxynaringenin based on the mass and (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectral data. The compound showed characteristics of both an irreversible inhibitor and a substrate of mushroom tyrosinase in preincubation and HPLC analysis. These results demonstrate that 8-hydroxynaringenin belongs to a suicide substrate of mushroom tyrosinase. The partition ratio between the compound's molecules in the formation of product and in the inactivation of the enzyme was determined to be 283 +/- 21. The present study's results, together with our previous findings, which proved that both 8-hydroxydaidzein and 8-hydroxygenistein are suicide substrates of mushroom tyrosinase, show that 7,8,4'-trihydroxyl functional groups on flavonoids' skeletons play important roles in producing suicide substrate properties toward mushroom tyrosinase.

Auditory cortical evoked potentials in tinnitus patients with normal audiological presentation.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: It is widely assumed that damage to the peripheral hearing system is an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of tinnitus. However, previous studies have failed to target tinnitus patients with normal hearing. This study aims to investigate if tinnitus patients with normal audiological presentation demonstrate increased intensity dependence at the selected frequencies. METHODS: This study applied auditory cortical evoked potential test to investigate nine tinnitus patients with normal audiological presentation and nine age- and sex-matched healthy subjects without tinnitus. Auditory cortical evoked potentials (N1-P2) were elicited from stimuli at four frequencies (4000, 2000, 1000 and 500 Hz) with five intensities (50, 56, 62, 68 and 74 dB nHL). Intensity dependences by latency of N1 and amplitude of N1-P2 were surveyed at midline electrodes. RESULTS: The results showed that the intensity dependence by latency of N1 to the pooled frequencies at three midline electrodes, e.g. Fz, Cz and Pz, revealed non-significant difference. However, significant differences existed in the intensity dependence of amplitude N1-P2 to the pooled frequencies at the Fz and Cz positions. These differences suggested that tinnitus patients tended to respond less to increased sound intensity and were inclined to weaker intensity dependence. CONCLUSION: Increased intensity dependence of N1-P2 component at the selected frequencies cannot be demonstrated in tinnitus patients with normal hearing. Restated, the edge frequency phenomenon fails to present in tinnitus patients with normal hearing, a different characteristic from tinnitus patients with hearing loss.