Transcriptome differential expression analysis of defoliation in different lemon varieties under drought treatment.

'Allen Eureka' is a bud variety of Eureka lemon with excellent fruiting traits, but severe winter defoliation affects the following year's yield, and the response mechanism of lemon defoliation is currently unknown. Two lemon cultivars ('Allen Eureka' and 'Yunning No. 1') with different defoliation traits were used as materials to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of different leaf abscission periods in lemons. The petiole abscission zone was collected at three different defoliation stages, namely, the predefoliation stage (k15), the middefoliation stage (k30), and the postdefoliation stage (k45). Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression differences between these two cultivars. A total of 1141, 2695, and 1433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in k15, k30, and k45, respectively, and the number of DEGs in k30 was the largest. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs between the two cultivars were mainly enriched in processes related to hydrolase activity, chitinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and transcription regulator activity in the defoliation stages. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were concentrated in k30, which involved plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The expression trends of some DEGs suggested their roles in regulating defoliation in Lemon. Seven genes were obtained by WGCNA, including sorbitol dehydrogenase (CL9G068822012_alt, CL9G068820012_alt, CL9G068818012_alt), abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase (CL8G064053012_alt, CL8G064054012_alt), and asparagine synthetase (CL8G065162012_alt, CL8G065151012_alt), suggesting that these genes may be involved in the regulation of lemon leaf abscission.

Endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage with placement of electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction: Updated meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage using electrocautery-enhanced (ECE) delivery of lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is gradually being recognized as a viable palliative technique for malignant biliary obstruction after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) failure. However, most of the studies that have assessed its efficacy and safety were small and heterogeneous. Prior meta-analyses of six or fewer studies that were published 2 years ago were therefore underpowered to yield convincing evidence. AIM: To update the efficacy and safety of ECE-LAMS for treatment of biliary obstruction after ERCP failure. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases from the inception of the ECE technique to May 13, 2022. Primary outcome measure was pooled technical success rate, and secondary outcomes were pooled rates of clinical success, reintervention, and adverse events. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model following Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation in R software (version 4.1.3). RESULTS: Fourteen eligible studies involving 620 participants were ultimately included. The pooled rate of technical success was 96.7%, and clinical success was 91.0%. Adverse events were reported in 17.5% of patients. Overall reintervention rate was 7.3%. Subgroup analyses showed results were generally consistent. CONCLUSION: ECE-LAMS has favorable success with acceptable adverse events in relieving biliary obstruction when ERCP is impossible. The consistency of results across most subgroups suggested that this is a generalizable approach.

Transcriptome differential expression analysis of defoliation of two different lemon varieties.

'Allen Eureka' is a bud variety of Eureka lemon with excellent fruiting traits. However, it suffers from severe winter defoliation that leads to a large loss of organic nutrients and seriously affects the tree's growth and development as well as the yield of the following year, and the mechanism of its response to defoliation is still unclear. In order to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of different leaf abscission periods in lemon, two lemon cultivars ('Allen Eureka' and 'Yunning No. 1') with different defoliation traits were used as materials. The petiole abscission zone (AZ) was collected at three different defoliation stages, namely, the pre-defoliation stage (CQ), the mid-defoliation stage (CZ), and the post-defoliation stage (CH). Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression differences between these two cultivars. A total of 898, 4,856, and 3,126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in CQ, CZ, and CH, respectively, and the number of DEGs in CZ was the largest. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs between the two cultivars were mainly enriched in processes related to oxidoreductase, hydrolase, DNA binding transcription factor, and transcription regulator activity in the defoliation stages. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were concentrated in CZ and involved plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. The expression trends of some DEGs suggested their roles in regulating defoliation in lemon. Eight gene families were obtained by combining DEG clustering analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), including ß-glucosidase, AUX/IAA, SAUR, GH3, POD, and WRKY, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the regulation of lemon leaf abscission. The above conclusions enrich the research related to lemon leaf abscission and provide reliable data for the screening of lemon defoliation candidate genes and analysis of defoliation pathways.

An integrated analysis of the anticarcinogenic role of forkhead box protein 1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) serves as a tumour promoter or suppressor depending on different cancers, but its effect in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of FOXP1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. We determined through public databases that FOXP1 expresses low in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal tissues, while high expression of FOXP1 indicates a better prognosis. We identified potential target genes regulated by FOXP1, and explored the potential biological processes and signalling pathways involved in FOXP1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through GO and KEGG enrichment, gene co-expression analysis, and protein interaction network construction. We also analysed the correlation between FOXP1 and tumour immune infiltration levels. We further validated the inhibitory effect of FOXP1 on the proliferation of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells through CCK-8, colony formation and subcutaneous tumour formation assays. This study revealed the anticarcinogenic effect of FOXP1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which may serve as a novel biological target for the treatment of tumour.

Synthesis of substituted terpyridine nickel nitrate complexes and their inhibitory selectivity against cancer cell lines.

Six terpyridine­nickel complexes 1-6 were formed by the coordination of 4'-(4-R-phenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (R = hydroxyl (L1), methoxyl (L2), methylsulfonyl (L3), fluoro (L4), bromo (L5), iodo (L6)) derivatives to nickel nitrate. The compositions and structures of these complexes were analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analyses, electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS), solid-state ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (1, 2 and 4) studies. In vitro anticancer cell proliferation experiments against SiHa (human cervical squamous cancer cell line) cells, Bel-7402 (human hepatoma cancer cell line), Eca-109 (human esophageal cancer cell line) and HL-7702 (human normal hepatocyte cell line) indicate that they have more excellent anti-proliferation effects than the cis-platin against Siha cells, Bel-7402 cells and Eca-109 cells. Especially, complex 5 showed a rather outstanding inhibitory effect against the SiHa cell line and was less toxic than the other compounds to the HL-7702 cell line, implying an obvious specific inhibitory effect. Therefore, complex 5 has the potential value to be developed as an anticancer cell-specific drug against human cervical squamous carcinoma. Molecular docking simulation, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism experiments show that they prefer to bind to DNA part in an embedded binding manner.

Transcription-related metabolic regulation in grafted lemon seedlings under magnesium deficiency stress.

Magnesium is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, and plays a pivotal role in plant development and metabolism. Soil magnesium deficiency is evident in citrus production, which ultimately leads to failure of normal plant growth and development, as well as decreased productivity. Citrus is mainly propagated by grafting, so it is necessary to fully understand the different regulatory mechanisms of rootstock and scion response to magnesium deficiency. Here, we characterized the differences in morphological alterations, physiological metabolism and differential gene expression between trifoliate orange rootstocks and lemon scions under normal and magnesium-deficient conditions, revealing the different responses of rootstocks and scions to magnesium deficiency. The transcriptomic data showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in 14 and 4 metabolic pathways in leaves and roots, respectively, after magnesium deficiency treatment. And the magnesium transport-related genes MHX and MRS2 may respond to magnesium deficiency stress. In addition, magnesium deficiency may affect plant growth by affecting POD, SOD, and CAT enzyme activity, as well as altering the levels of hormones such as IAA, ABA, GA3, JA, and SA, and the expression of related responsive genes. In conclusion, our research suggests that the leaves of lemon grafted onto trifoliate orange were more significantly affected than the roots under magnesium-deficient conditions, further indicating that the metabolic imbalance of scion lemon leaves was more severe.

Two Acentric Zn-Based l-Tartrates with Moderate Second Harmonic Generation Responses and Large Birefringence.

The discovery of novel organic-inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal materials holds great potential in advancing laser science and technology as they offer a wide range of benefits including easy synthesis, structural versatility, and high hyperpolarizability. Herein, the integration of l-tartaric acid (L-C4H6O6) and ZnSO4 gave rise to two acentric Zn-based organic-inorganic hybrid crystals, namely, Zn2(H2O)2(C4H4O6)2·3H2O (Zn-LT) and Zn2(H2O)(C4H4O6)(C4H6O6)(SO4)·4H2O (Zn-LTS). They both feature layered structures constructed by [ZnO6] octahedron, l-C4H6O6/l-C4H4O62-, water molecule, or [SO4] tetrahedron. Interestingly, they possess moderate second-order NLO effects of 0.28 × KH2PO4 (Zn-LT) and 0.57 × KH2PO4 (Zn-LTS), large birefringence of 0.075 (Zn-LT) and 0.069 (Zn-LTS), suggesting that the introduction of [SO4] groups with intrinsically weak polarizability and weak optical anisotropy induces the enhancement of the NLO effect while without reducing birefringence much. In addition, both of them display UV cutoff edges near 210 nm, indicating their potential as NLO crystals applied in the UV and solar-blind region.

Biodegradation of the strobilurin fungicide pyraclostrobin by Burkholderia sp. Pyr-1: Characteristics, degradation pathway, water remediation, and toxicity assessment.

Pyraclostrobin, a widely used fungicide, poses significant risks to both the environment and human health. However, research on the microbial degradation process of pyraclostrobin was scarce. Here, a pyraclostrobin-degrading strain, identified as Burkholderia sp. Pyr-1, was isolated from activated sludge. Pyraclostrobin was efficiently degraded by strain Pyr-1, and completely eliminated within 6 d in the presence of glucose. Additionally, pyraclostrobin degradation was significantly enhanced by the addition of divalent metal cations (Mn2+ and Cu2+). The degradation pathway involving ether bond and N-O bond cleavage was proposed by metabolite identification. The sodium alginate-immobilized strain Pyr-1 had a higher pyraclostrobin removal rate from contaminated lake water than the free cells. Moreover, the toxicity evaluation demonstrated that the metabolite 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-ol significantly more effectively inhibited Chlorella ellipsoidea than pyraclostrobin, while its degradation products by strain Pyr-1 alleviated the growth inhibition of C. ellipsoidea, which confirmed that the low-toxic metabolites were generated from pyraclostrobin by strain Pyr-1. The study provides a potential strain Pyr-1 for the bioremediation in pyraclostrobin-contaminated aquatic environments.

Folic acid-decorated astrocytes-derived exosomes enhanced the effect of temozolomide against glioma.

A direct strategy to achieve specific treatments and reduce side effects is through cell type-specific drug delivery. Exosomes (Exos) can be modified with folic acid (FA) to prepare drug delivery systems targeting tumor cells that highly express FA receptors. This study aimed to produce an exo drug delivery system with FA decoration and temozolomide (TMZ) loading to improve the sustained TMZ release and targeting. We used DSPE-PEG2000-FA to modify exos derived from astrocyte U-87 to prepare FA-modified exos (Astro-exo-FA). TMZ was encapsulated into Astro-exo-FA or Astro-exo through electroporation to produce TMZ@Astro-exo and TMZ@Astro-exo-FA. In vitro drug release was examined using the dialysis bag method. Through cell experiments in vitro and mouse glioma models in vivo, the effect of TMZ@Astro-exo-FA on U-87 cells was determined. Exo properties were not affected by FA modification and TMZ loading. The drug release rate of TMZ@Astro-exo-FA was slower. TMZ@Astro-exo-FA uptake by U-87 cells was higher compared to TMZ@Astro-exo, indicating that TMZ@Astro-exo-FA has a stronger targeting toward U-87 cells. TMZ@Astro-exo-FA remarkably reduced U-87 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with TMZ@Astro-exo and free TMZ. Treatment with TMZ@Astro-exo-FA reduced the side effects of TMZ (minimal change in body weight), prolonged survival, and inhibited tumor growth in mouse glioma models, and its efficacy was stronger than that of TMZ@Astro-exo and free TMZ. TMZ@Astro-exo-FA could enhance the effect of TMZ against glioma, providing novel ideas for drug targeting delivery and exploring exos as drug carriers against glioma.

A novel pbd gene cluster responsible for pyrrole and pyridine ring cleavage in Rhodococcus ruber A5.

Pyridine and pyrrole, which are regarded as recalcitrant chemicals, are released into the environment as a result of industrial manufacturing processes, posing serious hazards to both the environment and human health. However, the pyrrole degradation mechanism and the pyridine-degrading gene in Rhodococcus are unknown. Herein, a highly efficient pyridine and pyrrole degradation strain Rhodococcus ruber A5 was isolated. Strain A5 completely degraded 1000 mg/L pyridine in a mineral salt medium within 24 h. The pyridine degradation of strain A5 was optimized using the BoxBehnken design. The optimum degradation conditions were found to be pH 7.15, temperature 28.06 â„ƒ, and inoculation amount 1290.94 mg/L. The pbd gene clusters involved in pyridine degradation were discovered via proteomic analysis. The initial ring cleavage of pyridine and pyrrole in strain A5 was carried out by the two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase PbdA/PbdE. The degradation pathways of pyridine and pyrrole were proposed by the identification of metabolites and comparisons of homologous genes. Additionally, homologous pbd gene clusters were found to exist in different bacterial genomes. Our study revealed the ring cleavage mechanisms of pyrrole and pyridine, and strain A5 was identified as a promising resource for pyridine bioremediation.

NaMoO3(IO3)(H2O): water molecule introduction induces strong second harmonic generation response, widened band gap and large anisotropy.

Exploring feasible tactics to induce the formation of non-centrosymmetric (NCS) structures, especially from centrosymmetric (CS) structures, is essential for the development of nonlinear optical crystals with more potential. An NCS alkali metal-containing molybdenum iodate hydrate, namely, NaMoO3(IO3)(H2O), was designed based on the CS matrix NaMoO3(IO3) via introducing a water molecule into the structure. The introduction of one crystalline water molecule results in the rearrangement of Λ-shaped cis-[MoO4(IO3)2] units, and the proper array of the cis-[MoO4(IO3)2] units in NaMoO3(IO3)(H2O) results in its strong SHG response of 4.6 × KH2PO4. In addition, NaMoO3(IO3)(H2O) exhibits a wider optical bandgap of 3.44 eV and a larger birefringence of 0.231 than its matrix. Furthermore, the framework of NaMoO3(IO3)(H2O) is highly similar to that of α-KMoO3(IO3), with water molecules assisting Na+ cations in occupying the position of K+. However, due to the extra hydrogen bond of water molecules, the [MoO3(IO3)]∞ layers in NaMoO3(IO3)(H2O) retain a parallel-stacking arrangement, different from the antiparallel arrangement of layers in α-KMoO3(IO3) with a centric structure. This study confirms the feasibility of applying a water molecule to adjust the orientation of basic building block units to assemble an NCS structure based on CS crystals.

Photoluminescence and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Two Terpyridine-Based Hybrid Zn/Cd Halides.

Hybrid metal halides (HMHs) with low-dimensional structures have attracted increasing attention due to their striking optical properties. Herein, two new zero-dimensional HMHs have been fabricated by CdCl2/ZnCl2 and 4'-(4-pyridyl-phenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (Tpy), including (TpyH3)[CdCl4][Cl] (Tpy-Cd) and (TpyH3)[ZnCl4][Cl] (Tpy-Zn). Their structures are consisted of a [TpyH3]3+ organic cation, an inorganic [ZnCl4] or [CdCl4] tetrahedron, and one isolated Cl- anion. Tpy-Cd crystallizes to a noncentrosymmetric structure and possesses a moderate second harmonic response of 0.72 × KH2PO4, while Tpy-Zn features a centrosymmetric space group. Though Tpy-Cd and Tpy-Zn crystallize into space groups of completely different symmetry due to distinct connection mode and molecular distortion, they display quite similar photoluminescence of bright green light emission under ultraviolet excitation, nearly identical in Stokes shift, photoluminescence quantum yield, decay lifetime, and energy. The photoluminescence quantum yields of green light emission were measured to be nearly 25%, outperforming most of the Cd/Zn low-dimensional HMHs.

Comparative physiochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals the influences of cross-pollination on ovary and fruit development in pummelo (Citrus maxima).

'Shuijingmiyou' pummelo (SJ), one of the most popular fruits in Yunnan province of China, is of relatively low fruit shape (FS) quality. In this study, we compared the FS promoting effects of cross pollinations using pollens from seven pummelo varieties, and found that 'Guanximiyou' pummelo (GX) cross-pollination showed the best FS promoting effects on SJ fruits by shortening its fruit neck. To explore the underlying mechanism, physiochemical and transcriptomic differences between self- and cross-pollinated SJ ovaries (SJO and GXO) were investigated. Higher salicylic acid, gibberellin and indole acetic acid contents and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities, and lower polyphenol oxidase activity were determined in GXO compared with SJO. Enrichment analysis of the identified 578 differentially expressed genes (123 up-regulated and 455 down-regulated) in GXO showed that genes involved in solute transport, RNA biosynthesis, phytohormone action and cell wall organization were significantly enriched. The results obtained in this study will be helpful in understanding the influences of cross-pollination on pummelo ovary and fruit development, and can provide the basis for clarifying the underlying mechanism of cross-pollination improved fruit quality.

Fe(II) complexes of 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligands functionalized with substituted-phenyl groups: synthesis, crystal structures and anticancer potential.

With the aim of developing potential anticancer drug candidates, a series of Fe(II) complexes were synthesized using nine 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligands functionalized with substituted-phenyl groups, and their biological activities were systematically investigated. Their bis-terpyridine sandwich-like structures were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. In vitro antiproliferative experiments based on three human cancer cell lines, including human hepatoma cancer cell line (Bel-7402), human esophageal cancer cell line (Eca-109), and human cervical squamous cancer cell line (SiHa), indicate the high antiproliferation activities of these complexes compared with commercial cisplatin. And their toxicity to normal cells was estimated based on human normal hepatocyte (HL-7702) cell line. In particular, when the phenyl in terpyridine ligand was modified by a carboxyl group, the corresponding complex 3 exhibited much higher antiproliferation to cancer Bel-7402 cells (IC50 = 3.653 µmol L-1) than cisplatin and low toxicity to normal HL-7702 cells (IC50 = 99.92 µmol L-1), implying a significant selectivity for 3 in killing hepatoma cancer cells. Combined with the fact that iron element is more accessible than platin, this series of Fe(II) complexes comprises potential candidates for anticancer drugs with specific inhibition of hepatoma cancer. UV titration experiments and circular dichroism (CD) showed a strong binding affinity between these nine complexes and CT-DNA. However, molecular docking simulation revealed the competitive binding of DNA and protein to these complexes. Further, the interactions between these complexes and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by fluorescence titration and CD spectroscopy.

circ_0006528 promotes nonsmall cell lung cancer progression by sponging miR-892a and regulating NRAS expression.

Micro-RNAs play essential roles in developing and progressing nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and drug resistance. Nevertheless, the functions and mechanisms are partly explored. Therefore, the present study analyzes the effect of circ_0006528 and the mechanism of regulation of NSCLC cell progression by sponging miR-892a to regulate neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene (NRAS) expression. Initially, circ_0006528 is identified using divergent primers-based PCR and RNase R exonuclease treatments. After administration of the designed circ_0006528-specific siRNA, the RT-qPCR analysis is used to determine the interference efficiency of siRNA. At the same time, cell growth, invasion, and migration are assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Transwell, and scratch assays in the NSCLC cell lines (secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 [SPCA-1] and A549) in vitro, respectively. Further, miR-892a inhibitor is added to the cells for functional recovery assay. Finally, the xenograft mouse model is constructed to explore the effect of circ_0006528 on tumor growth in vivo. The RT-qPCR analysis in 66 pairs of NSCLC cancer and noncancerous tissues revealed that circ_0006528 is highly expressed in NSCLC patient tissues. The RNase R experiments revealed that HSA_circ_0006528 is unaffected by RNase R exonuclease. MTT assay showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0006528 by siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation and viability in A549 and SPCA-1 cells. The luciferase reporter assay showed direct binding of hsa_circ_0006528 to miR-892a, and miR-892a targets binding NRAS. In addition, the miR-892a inhibitor terminated the hsa_circ_0006528 siRNA, triggering inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells. In summary, the study revealed that the knockout of hsa_circ_0006528 downregulation of NRAS expression by sponging miR-892a inhibited NSCLC cell growth and invasion.

Mechanism of safener mefenpyr-diethyl biodegradation by a newly isolated Chryseobacterium sp. B6 from wastewater sludge and application in co-contaminated soil.

Safener mefenpyr-diethyl (MFD) was applied to cereal crops along with herbicides to improve herbicide selectivity for crops and weeds. However, the degradation mechanism of MFD in the environment remains unclear. One MFD-degrading bacterium, Chryseobacterium sp. B6, was isolated from activated sludge. According to Box-Behnken's optimal design, the degradation efficiency of MFD can reach 92% under conditions of pH 7.5, 30 °C, and a MFD concentration of 184 mg L-1. The degradation half-life experiment showed that a high concentration of MFD (300 mg L-1) inhibited the degradation ability of strain B6. Additionally, strain B6 was resistant to Ba2+, Cr3+, Li+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. The MFD degradation products of strain B6 were detected by GC/MS and its degradation pathway was proposed. MFD was first hydrolyzed by a hydrolase to an intermediate (RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester-3-carboxylic acid, and then further degraded by a decarboxylase to form the intermediate (RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, finally, it is completely degraded by strain B6. Furthermore, strain B6 could effectively remove MFD from MFD-contaminated soil, and the half-life of MFD was also significantly reduced in MFD and Cu2+ co-contaminated soil after inoculating strain B6. To our knowledge, strain B6 was the first strain reported to degrade safener MFD, and this study provides a valuable candidate to remediate the co-contaminated soil with MFD and Cu2+.

Research on improved algorithm for helmet detection based on YOLOv5.

The continuous development of smart industrial parks has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on safety helmet detection in environments such as factories, construction sites, rail transit, and fire protection. Current models often suffer from issues like false alarms or missed detections, especially when dealing with small and densely packed targets. This study aims to enhance the YOLOv5 target detection method to provide real-time alerts for individuals not wearing safety helmets in complex scenarios. Our approach involves incorporating the ECA channel attention mechanism into the YOLOv5 backbone network, allowing for efficient feature extraction while reducing computational load. We adopt a weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network structure (BiFPN) to facilitate effective feature fusion and cross-scale information transmission. Additionally, the introduction of a decoupling head in YOLOv5 improves detection performance and convergence rate. The experimental results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the YOLOv5 model's performance. The enhanced YOLOv5 model achieved an average accuracy of 95.9% on a custom-made helmet dataset, a 3.0 percentage point increase compared to the original YOLOv5 model. This study holds significant implications for enhancing the accuracy and robustness of helmet-wearing detection in various settings.

Combining emulsion electrospinning with surface functionalization to fabricate multistructural PLA/CS@ZIF-8 nanofiber membranes toward pH-responsive dual drug delivery.

Developing of the multifunctional polymeric carrier for controlled drug release is still one of most challenging task. In this work, a pH-responsive dual drug delivery system was designed and prepared based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The poly(lactic acid)/chitosan (PLA/CS) core-shell nanofiber membranes by emulsion electrospinning, which the hydrophilic drug (Astragalus Polysacharin, APS) was encapsulated in the CS core and the hydrophobic drug (Camptothecin, CPT) was loaded into the PLA shell, respectively. Subsequently, ZIF-8 nanoparticles served as the protective layer were immobilized on the surface of PLA/CS to form multi-structural PLA/CS@ZIF-8 nanofiber membranes. In vitro drug release of nanofiber membranes were studied in the acidic and neutral medium, respectively. The results were that the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of nanofiber membranes rose with increasing of 2-MIM concentrations. The nanofiber membranes also had excellent pH-responsive and controlled release property. Furthermore, the drug release of PLA/CS@ZIF-8 for either APS or CPT were all carried out in a coexisting manner of diffusion and skeleton corrosion. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated nanofiber membranes with good cytocompatibility. Therefore, the multi-structured PLA/CS@ZIF-8 nanofiber membranes has been used as a potential pH-responsive dual drug release system.

Transpapillary pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of acute severe pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic pseudocyst compressing portal vein leading to local portal hypertension.

A 52-year-old male diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis developed persistent abdominal distension and intermittent emesis six weeks after treatment. Computed tomography (CT) showed that the shape of the pancreas was not clear, and a pseudocyst (11.2*6.6 cm) existed in the tail of the pancreas, which compressed the portal vein and led to local portal hypertension. A transpapillary pancreatic duct stent (7F*9 cm) was successfully placed for drainage of fluid collection despite pancreatic duct obstruction, with one end into the pseudocyst cavity and the other into the duodenum. Duodenoscope observed outflow of the fluid collection immediately. Four days after the surgery, CT scan validated the location of the pancreatic duct stent, and the pancreatic pseudocyst was smaller than before. Another week later, the pancreatic pseudocyst nearly disappeared. No significant esophagogastric varix was observed by gastroscope, indicating a regression of local portal hypertension. The patient resumed eating normally, did not complain of vomiting, and was discharged from our hospital.

Long-term effective remediation of black-odorous water via regulating calcium nitrate sustained-release.

Nitrate addition is reported as a cost-effective method for remediating black-odorous water, which is mainly induced by the deficiency of electron acceptor. However, excessive release of nitrate and lack of long-term effectiveness significantly limited the application of direct nitrate dosing technology. Herein, for remediating black-odorous water, we constructed a nitrate sustained-release ecological concrete (ecoN-concrete), in which calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) was dosed into concrete block to regulate the release of nitrate. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were significantly removed in an ecoN-concrete-contained reactor fed with black-odorous water, and its removal efficiency was largely dependent on Ca(NO3)2 dosage. Meanwhile, the released nitrate was lower than 25% of its total dosage and nitrite was lower than 1.5 mg/L during 14 days remediation. After three recycles, the removal efficiencies of COD and turbidity by using ecoN-concrete were still more than 85%, indicating an excellent nitrate sustained-release performance of ecoN-concrete, which can be applied for preventing water re-blackening and re-stinking. Further investigation illustrated that the ecoN-concrete (1) decreased the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Desulfomonile, and Desulforhabdus in the phylum of Desulfobacterota to alleviate the odorous gas production and (2) significantly increased the abundance of Bacillus and Thermomonas, which utilized the released-nitrate for consuming organic matters and ammonia. This study provided an artful Ca(NO3)2 dosing strategy and long-term effective method for black-odorous water remediation.