BACKGROUND: No reliable clinical tools exist to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) progression. We aim to explore a scoring system for predicting the composite outcome of progression to severe AKI or death within seven days among early AKI patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS: In this study, we used two independent cohorts, and patients who experienced mild/moderate AKI within 48 h after cardiac surgery were enrolled. Eventually, 3188 patients from the MIMIC-IV database were used as the derivation cohort, while 499 patients from the Zhongshan cohort were used as external validation. The primary outcome was defined by the composite outcome of progression to severe AKI or death within seven days after enrollment. The variables identified by LASSO regression analysis were entered into logistic regression models and were used to construct the risk score. RESULTS: The composite outcome accounted for 3.7% (n = 119) and 7.6% (n = 38) of the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Six predictors were assembled into a risk score (AKI-Pro score), including female, baseline eGFR, aortic surgery, modified furosemide responsiveness index (mFRI), SOFA, and AKI stage. And we stratified the risk score into four groups: low, moderate, high, and very high risk. The risk score displayed satisfied predictive discrimination and calibration in the derivation and validation cohort. The AKI-Pro score discriminated the composite outcome better than CRATE score, Cleveland score, AKICS score, Simplified renal index, and SRI risk score (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The AKI-Pro score is a new clinical tool that could assist clinicians to identify early AKI patients at high risk for AKI progression or death.
Acute Kidney Injury , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Disease Progression , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Female , Male , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Aged , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Severity of Illness Index , ROC Curve , Risk Assessment , Prognosis
The exotic optoelectronic properties of antimonene, including strain-induced tunable bandgaps, broad nonlinear refractive response, etc., have evoked profound upsurges for decades. As the screw dislocations break the crystal symmetry and modify interlayer coupling, it is highly desirable to investigate the optical prospects of antimonene with screw dislocations. Herein, controllable epitaxy of spiral ß-antimonene is achieved on Fe3GaTe2 substrates. By fine-tuning growth temperatures, the evolutions of spiral ß-antimonene with non-centrosymmetric stacking are investigated via scanning tunneling microscopy. The effects of interfacial strain and dislocation motion during screw-dislocation-driven growth are also studied. Additionally, a modulation depth of 40.8% and mode locking at 1558 nm with a pulse width of 290 fs are observed in Er-doped pulsed fiber lasers generated with spiral Sb-based saturable absorbers, revealing superior performance that far outstrips reported Sb-based saturable absorbers to date. Our work sheds light on the preparation of Sb films with screw dislocations and demonstrates a promising approach toward fabricating ultrafast optical devices.
Although penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) has been identified to alleviate myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the regulatory molecules and related mechanisms are unknown. In this study, bioinformatics, molecular biology, and biochemistry methods were used to explore the molecular mechanisms and targets of PHC. In the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI)-induced rat model, PHC pretreatment significantly improved cardiac function (p < 0.01). Multiple differentially expressed genes, including Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), were identified through mRNA sequencing analysis of myocardial ischemic penumbra tissue in MIRI rats. The transduction of the ZBP1 adenovirus vector (Ad-Zbp1) in PHC-pretreated rats exhibited a reversible augmentation in myocardial infarct size (p < 0.01), pronounced pathological damage to the myocardial tissue, as well as a significant elevation of serum myocardial enzymes (p < 0.05). The interaction among ZBP1, fas-associating via death domain (FADD), and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) leads to a remarkable up-regulation of cleaved-Caspase-1 (Cl-Casp-1), N-terminal gasdermin D (N-GSDMD), phospho-mixed lineage kinase domain-like Ser358 (p-MLKLS358), and other regulatory proteins, thereby triggering pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis) in cardiomyocytes of MIRI rats. Moreover, the transduction of Ad-Zbp1 in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced H9c2 cell model also dramatically augmented the number of cell deaths. However, the intervention of PHC considerably enhanced cell viability (p < 0.01), effectively mitigated the release of myocardial enzymes (p < 0.05), and markedly attenuated the expression levels of PANoptosis regulatory proteins through restraint of ZBP1 expression. Therefore, the therapeutic efficacy of PHC in improving MIRI might be attributed to targeting ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis.
In this work, by employing field plate (FP) and N ion-implantation edge termination (NIET) structure, the electrical performance of the ß-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was greatly improved. Ten samples of vertical SBDs were fabricated to investigate the influence of the relative positions of field plates (FPs) and ion implantation on the device performance. The device with the FP of 15 µm and the ion implantation at the edge of the Schottky electrode exhibited a breakdown voltage (Vbr) of 1616 V, a specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) of 5.11 mΩ·cm2, a power figure of merit (PFOM) of 0.511 GW/cm2, and a reverse current density of 1.2 × 10-5 A/cm2 @ -1000 V. Compared to the control device, although the Ron,sp increased by 1 mΩ·cm2, the Vbr of the device increased by 183% and the PFOM increased by 546.8%. Moreover, the reverse leakage current of the device with the FP and NIET structure decreased by three orders of magnitude. The TCAD simulation revealed that the peak electric field at the interface decreased from 7 MV/cm @ -500 V to 4.18 MV/cm @ -1000 V. These results demonstrate the great potential for the ß-Ga2O3 SBD with a FP and NIET structure in power electronic applications.
MYB transcription factors have been linked to anthocyanin synthesis and various color phenotypes in plants. In apple, MYB10 confers a red-flesh phenotype due to a minisatellite insertion in its R6 promoter, but R6:MYB10 genotypes exhibit various degrees of red pigmentation in the flesh, suggesting the involvement of other genetic factors. Here, it is shown that MdWRKY10, a transcription factor identified via DNA pull-down trapping, binds to the promoter of MdMYB10 and activates its transcription. MdWRKY10 specifically interacts with the WDR protein MdTTG1 to join the apple MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex, which significantly enhances its transcriptional activation activity. A 163-bp InDel detected in the promoter region of the alleles of MdWRKY10 in a hybrid population of identical heterozygous genotypes regarding R6 by structural variation analysis, contains a typical W-box element that MdWRKY10 binds to for transactivation. This leads to increased transcript levels of MdWRKY10 and MdMYB10 and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh, largely accounting for the various degrees of flesh red pigmentation in the R6 background. These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of the WRKY-containing protein complex in the formation of red flesh apple phenotypes and provide broader insights into the molecular mechanism governing anthocyanin synthesis in plants.
Importance: Peceleganan spray is a novel topical antimicrobial agent targeted for the treatment of skin wound infections. However, its efficacy and safety remain unclear. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of peceleganan spray for the treatment of wound infections. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial recruited and followed up 570 adult patients diagnosed with secondary open wound infections from 37 hospitals in China from August 23, 2021, to July 16, 2022. Interventions: Patients were randomized to 2 groups with a 2:1 allocation. One group received treatment with 2% peceleganan spray (n = 381) and the other with 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream (n = 189). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary efficacy outcome was the clinical efficacy rate (the number of patients fulfilling the criteria for efficacy of the number of patients receiving the treatment) on the first day following the end of treatment (day 8). The secondary outcomes included the clinical efficacy rate on day 5 and the bacterial clearance rate (cases achieving negative bacteria cultures after treatment of all cases with positive bacteria cultures before treatment) on days 5 and 8. The safety outcomes included patients' vital signs, physical examination results, electrocardiographic findings, blood test results, and adverse reactions. Results: Among the 570 patients randomized to 1 of the 2 groups, 375 (98.4%) in the 2% peceleganan treatment group and 183 (96.8%) in the 1% SSD control group completed the trial (n = 558). Of these, 361 (64.7%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 48.6 (15.3) years. The demographic characteristics were similar between groups. On day 8, clinical efficacy was achieved by 339 patients (90.4%) in the treatment group and 144 (78.7%) in the control group (P < .001). On day 5, clinical efficacy was achieved by 222 patients (59.2%) in the treatment group and 90 (49.2%) in the control group (P = .03). On day 8, bacterial clearance was achieved by 80 of 334 patients (24.0%) in the treatment group and in 75 of 163 (46.0%) in the control group (P < .001). On day 5, bacterial clearance was achieved by 55 of 334 patients (16.5%) in the treatment group and 50 of 163 (30.7%) in the control group (P < .001). The adverse events related to the application of peceleganan spray and SSD cream were similar. Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial found that peceleganan spray is a safe topical antimicrobial agent with a satisfactory clinical efficacy rate for the treatment of skin wound infections, while the effectiveness of bacterial clearance remains uncertain. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2100047202.
Wound Infection , Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Adult , Wound Infection/drug therapy , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , China , Silver Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use , Silver Sulfadiazine/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that fraxetin has antitumor activity in a variety of tumors, but its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-AML effect of fraxetin through cell experiments and network pharmacology analysis. METHODS: The inhibitory and apoptotic effects of fraxetin on AML cells were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry experiments. Potential targets of fraxetin and AML-related targets were screened using public databases. PPI network, GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the hub targets and signaling pathways by which fraxetin alleviates AML. Molecular docking was used to determine the fraxetin binding sites on hub targets. Using the GEPIA database, the expression of hub targets was analyzed in relation to the overall survival of AML patients. RESULTS: Cell experiments showed that fraxetin inhibits AML cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. To explore the potential mechanism of fraxetin, 29 shared targets of fraxetin and AML were obtained through screening online public databases. Among them, AKT1, TNF, SRC, etc., are related to AML cell apoptosis. The expression levels of SRC, NOS3, VAV1, LYN, and PTGS1 were associated with the overall survival of AML patients (p value < 0.05). The enrichment analysis results identified the main pathways, namely, focal adhesion and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, that affected the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. The analysis of hub targets of the PPI network showed that AKT1, TNF, CTNNB1, etc., were hub targets, which were related to the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. The results of molecular docking showed that the hub targets had good binding with fraxetin. CONCLUSION: Fraxetin may inhibit AML cell proliferation and induce AML cell apoptosis through multiple targets, such as AKT1, SRC, and EGFR, and multiple pathways, such as focal adhesion and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Molecular Docking Simulation , Network Pharmacology , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Coumarins/pharmacology , Signal Transduction/drug effects
Ecological balance and stable economic development are crucial for the fishery. This study proposes a predator-prey system for marine communities, where the growth of predators follows the Allee effect and takes into account the rapid fluctuations in resource prices caused by supply and demand. The system predicts the existence of catastrophic equilibrium, which may lead to the extinction of prey, consequently leading to the extinction of predators, but fishing efforts remain high. Marine protected areas are established near fishing areas to avoid such situations. Fish migrate rapidly between these two areas and are only harvested in the nonprotected areas. A three-dimensional simplified model is derived by applying variable aggregation to describe the variation of global variables on a slow time scale. To seek conditions to avoid species extinction and maintain sustainable fishing activities, the existence of positive equilibrium points and their local stability are explored based on the simplified model. Moreover, the long-term impact of establishing marine protected areas and levying taxes based on unit catch on fishery dynamics is studied, and the optimal tax policy is obtained by applying Pontryagin's maximum principle. The theoretical analysis and numerical examples of this study demonstrate the comprehensive effectiveness of increasing the proportion of marine protected areas and controlling taxes on the sustainable development of fishery.
Conservation of Natural Resources , Fisheries , Fishes , Animals , Fisheries/economics , Fisheries/statistics & numerical data , Conservation of Natural Resources/economics , Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Predatory Behavior , Models, Biological , Taxes , Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data
Cervical lymph node metastasis is an important determinant of cancer stage and the selection of an appropriate treatment plan for patients with head and neck cancer. Therefore, metastatic cervical lymph nodes should be effectively differentiated from lymphoma, tuberculous lymphadenitis, and other benign lymphadenopathies. The aim of this work is to describe the performance of Doppler ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in evaluating blood flow information of cervical lymph nodes. In addition, the features of flow imaging in metastatic lymph nodes, lymphoma, and tuberculous lymphadenitis were described. Compared with Doppler ultrasound, SMI, the latest blood flow imaging technology, could detect more blood flow signals because the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SMI in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node disease were higher. This article summarizes the value of Doppler ultrasound and SMI in evaluating cervical lymph node diseases and focuses on the diagnostic performance of SMI.
Lymph Nodes , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neck , Humans , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging , Lymph Nodes/blood supply , Neck/blood supply , Neck/diagnostic imaging , Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Microvessels/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnostic imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity
BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between cardiovascular risk estimated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and carotid stiffening determined using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV) measurements in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS: We enrolled 1034 apparently healthy participants without known cardiovascular disease who underwent ufPWV measurements. Clinical and laboratory findings, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity at the beginning of systole (PWV-BS), and pulse wave velocity at the end of systole (PWV-ES) were assessed. In FRS assessments based on major cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), participants were assigned into three risk categories: low risk (<10%, n = 679), intermediate risk (10-20%, n = 191), and high risk (>20%, n = 164); the low-risk category was further subdivided into three subcategories: < 1% (n = 58), 1%- 5% (n = 374) and > 5% (n = 247). Multivariate logistic regression analyses with crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to evaluate the association of carotid stiffening and FRS-based risk stratification. RESULTS: Carotid stiffening indicated by PWV-BS and PWV-ES differed notably between the FRS-estimated low-risk vs. intermediate-risk and high-risk categories, but only PWV-ES differed notably among the low-risk subcategories (all p < 0.010), and correlated notably with the FRS-estimated risk most obviously in low-risk participants (r = 0.517). In participants with cIMT < 0.050 cm, only PWV-ES differed significantly among the FRS-estimated risk categories (all p < 0.001). Increased PWV-BS (adjusted OR: 1.49; p = 0.003) and PWV-ES (adjusted OR: 1.29; p = 0.007) were both associated with FRS categories independent of conventional CVRFs in low- vs. intermediate-risk categories, but not in low- vs. high-risk categories (all p > 0.050). CONCLUSION: In vivo imaging of carotid stiffening by ufPWV measurements is independently linked to FRS categories, and ufPWV indices may help stratify differing levels of cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy young people. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Data generated or analyzed during the study are available from the corresponding author by reasonable request.
Copper-doped carbon dots and aminated carbon nanotubes (Cu-CDs/NH2-CNTs) nanocomposites were synthesized by a one-step growth method, and the composites were characterized for their performance. An electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed for using Cu-CDs/NH2-CNTs nanocomposites modified with glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The sensor exhibited an excellent electrochemical response to BPA in 0.2 M PBS (pH 7.0) under optimally selected conditions. The linear range of the sensor for BPA detection was 0.5-160 µM, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.13 µM. Moreover, the sensor has good interference immunity, stability and reproducibility. In addition, the feasibility of the practical application of the sensor was demonstrated by the detection of BPA in bottled drinking water and Liu Yang River water.
Benzhydryl Compounds , Copper , Electrochemical Techniques , Electrodes , Limit of Detection , Nanotubes, Carbon , Phenols , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Benzhydryl Compounds/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Phenols/chemistry , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Copper/chemistry , Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Drinking Water/analysis , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Carbon/chemistry , Rivers/chemistry
In recent years, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have witnessed numerous groundbreaking advances in fundamental theoretical research and functional applications. Notably, stimuli-responsive AIEgens have achieved remarkable results, demonstrating immense potential for application in various fields such as chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. Herein, two multi-stimuli-responsive cyanostilbene derivatives TPE-CNTPA and PH-CNTPA were synthesized by introducing tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. Primarily, under the combined mechanism of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), TPE-CNTPA and PH-CNTPA exhibit "on-off-on" fluorescent emission characteristics in solution. Secondly, under 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation, the photo-induced isomerization of PH-CNTPA causes changes in photophysical property, demonstrating its responsiveness to ultraviolet light. In addition, TPE-CNTPA and PH-CNTPA exhibit high-contrast mechanochromic properties, providing broader possibilities for their potential applications in various fields. Moreover, owing to the unique fluorescence emission characteristics, TPE-CNTPA and PH-CNTP have enormous potential for application in the field of encryption anti-counterfeiting. Besides, PH-CNTPA can be utilized for the detection of trace water in single or mixed solvents, demonstrating outstanding sensitivity and anti-interference properties in different solvents. This research work reveals the potential in the fields of water sensing and anti-counterfeiting for these two multi-stimuli-responsive compounds.
Human breast milk contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have an important influence on the composition of the intestinal microbia of infants. In this study, one strain of an α-hemolytic species of the genus Streptococcus, IMAU99199T, isolated from the breast milk of a healthy nursing mother in Hohhot city PR China, was studied to characterise its taxonomic status using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The results indicated that it represented a member of the mitis-suis clade, pneumoniae subclade of the genus Streptococcus. It is a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and oxidase-negative bacterium, and the cells are globular, paired or arranged in short chains. The results of a phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene and two housekeeping genes (gyrB and rpoB) placed it in the genus Streptococcus. A phylogenetic tree based on 135 single-copy genes sequences indicated that IMAU99199T formed a closely related branch well separated from 'Streptococcus humanilactis' IMAU99125, 'Streptococcus bouchesdurhonensis' Marseille Q6994, Streptococcus mitis NCTC 12261T, 'Streptococcus vulneris' DM3B3, Streptococcus toyakuensis TP1632T, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae ATCC BAA-960T and Streptococcus pneumoniae NCTC 7465T. IMAU99199T and 'S. humanilactis' IMAU99125 had the highest average nucleotide identity (93.7â%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (55.3â%) values, which were below the accepted thresholds for novel species. The DNA G+C content of the draft genome of IMAU99199T was 39.8â%. The main cellular fatty acids components of IMAU99199T were C16â:â0 and C16â:â1ω7. It grew at a temperature range of 25-45â°C (the optimum growth temperature was 37â°C) and a pH range of 5.0-8.0 (the optimum growth pH was 7.0). These data indicate that strain IMAU99199T represents a novel species in the genus Streptococcus, for which the name Streptococcus hohhotensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMAU99199T (=GDMCC 1.1874T=KCTC 21155T).
Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , DNA, Bacterial , Fatty Acids , Milk, Human , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Streptococcus , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Humans , Female , China , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Milk, Human/microbiology , Streptococcus/genetics , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/classification , Fatty Acids/analysis , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Genes, Bacterial
This study systematically explored the transdermal diffusion law of functional substances of Jingu Zhitong Gel(JGZTG). The transdermal diffusion research methods of JGZTG were investigated by single factor trial with the automated transdermal(dry-heat) sampling system. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) content determination method was established to determine the contents of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, cinnamic acid, hydroxy-ε-xanthoxylin, hydroxy-α-xanthoxylin, and hydroxy-ß-xanthoxylin in the transdermal diffusion solution of JGZTG. The transdermal diffusion law of the components within 16 h was investigated. The results showed that the optimal transdermal diffusion method of JGZTG was as follows: Rat skin was used as the transdermal barrier; normal saline was used as the receiving medium; the dosage of JGZTG was 0.3 g, and the receiving solution was extracted by ethyl acetate. The results of transdermal diffusion showed that the release of ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, and senkyunolide I increased significantly at 0-8 h and slowed down at 8-16 h. The drug release was a synergic process of diffusion and dissolution, in which ferulic acid and cinnamic acid followed Higuchi and Ritger-Peppas equations, and liguolactone I followed Higuchi equation. The transdermal diffusion curves of hydroxy-ε-zanthoxylin, hydroxy-α-zanthoxylin, and hydroxy-ß-zanthoxylin showed continuous release within 16 h, and the drug release was skeleton dissolution. The diffusion law followed zero-order equation, first-order equation, and Ritger-Peppas equation. In clonclusion, it is a controlled release of ferulic acid, ligustrone I, cinnamic acid, hydroxy-ε-pyrroxylin, hydroxy-α-pyrroxylin, and hydroxy-ß-pyrroxylin in JGZTG, which can maintain stable blood drug concentration with 16 h, and the cumulative transmittance of each component with 12 h can reach 80% of cumulative transmittance with 24 h, which is in line with the clinical drug use law of bis in die.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Skin Absorption , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage , Rats , Animals , Diffusion , Administration, Cutaneous , Skin/metabolism , Skin/chemistry , Gels/chemistry , Male , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Cinnamates/analysis , Cinnamates/chemistry , Coumaric Acids/pharmacokinetics , Coumaric Acids/analysis
Excessive sulfate levels in water bodies pose a dual threat to the ecological environment and human health. The microbial removal of sulfate encounters challenges, particularly in environments with high sulfate concentrations, where the gradual accumulation of sulfide hampers microbial activity. This study focuses on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of microbial sulfate reduction in high-concentration sulfate wastewater through a comparative analysis of maifanite and zeolite biostimulants. The investigation reveals that zeolite primarily facilitates microbial growth by providing attachment sites, while maifanite augments sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) activity through the release of active substances such as Mo, Ca, and Cu. The addition of maifanite proves instrumental in enhancing microbial activity, manifesting as increased microbial load and protein production, augmented extracellular polymer generation, accelerated electron transfer, and facilitated microbial growth and biofilm formation. Noteworthy is the observation that the combined application of maifanite and zeolite exhibited a synergistic effect, resulting in a 167 % and 68 % increase in sulfate reduction rate compared to the utilization of maifanite (0.12 d-1) or zeolite (0.19 d-1) in isolation. Within this synergistic context, the relative abundance of Desulfobacteraceae reaches a peak of 15.4 %. The outcomes of this study corroborate the distinct promotion mechanisms of maifanite and zeolite in microbial sulfate reduction, offering novel insights into the application of maifanite in the context of high-concentration sulfate removal.
Sulfates , Wastewater , Zeolites , Sulfates/metabolism , Wastewater/chemistry , Zeolites/chemistry , Bacteria/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Biofilms , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
In the realm of ultrafast laser technology, the exploration of two-dimensional materials as saturable absorbers (SA) has garnered significant research interest. Our research investigates the characteristics of SnTe thin films, a topological crystalline insulator material, as a potential saturable absorber for ultrafast lasers. Using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique, we analyze the films' morphology and composition through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and successfully deposit SnTe epilayers on Au(111)/mica substrates. Through the utilization of SnTe-SA, an erbium-doped fiber laser is fabricated, demonstrating a pulse output with a width of 276â fs and a center wavelength of 1560â nm, highlighting the potential of SnTe films in manufacturing ultrafast optical devices. Additionally, tightly bound solitons with a soliton interval of 1.01â ps are observed, contributing to the exploration of soliton nonlinear dynamics.
This paper investigates dynamical behaviors and controllability of some nonautonomous localized waves based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with attractive interatomic interactions. Our approach is a relation constructed between the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation through a new self-similarity transformation which is to convert the exact solutions of the latter to the former's. Subsequently, one can obtain the nonautonomous breather solutions and higher-order rogue wave solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. It has been shown that the nonautonomous localized waves can be controlled by the parameters within the self-similarity transformation, rather than relying solely on the nonlinear intensity, spectral parameters, and external potential. The control mechanism can induce an unusual number of loosely bound higher-order rogue waves. The asymptotic analysis of unusual loosely bound rogue waves shows that their essence is energy transfer among rogue waves. Numerical simulations test the dynamical stability of obtained localized wave solutions, which indicate that modifying the parameters in the self-similarity transformation can improve the stability of unstable localized waves and prolong their lifespan. We numerically confirm that the rogue wave controlled by the self-similarity transformation can be reproduced from a chaotic initial background field, hence anticipating the feasibility of its experimental observation, and propose an experimental method for observing these phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates. The method presented in this paper can help to induce and observe new stable localized waves in some physical systems.
