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1.
Nature ; 632(8024): 390-400, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39048830

ABSTRACT

Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Genetic TMEFF1 deficiency allows HSV-1 to rapidly enter cortical neurons that are either patient specific or derived from CRISPR-Cas9-engineered human pluripotent stem cells, thereby enhancing HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent replication. This cellular phenotype can be rescued by pretreatment with type I interferon (IFN) or the expression of exogenous wild-type TMEFF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of full-length TMEFF1 or its amino-terminal extracellular domain, but not its carboxy-terminal intracellular domain, impairs HSV-1 entry into NECTIN-1-expressing cells other than neurons, increasing their resistance to HSV-1 infection. Human TMEFF1 is therefore a host restriction factor for HSV-1 entry into cortical neurons. Its constitutively high abundance in cortical neurons protects these cells from HSV-1 infection, whereas inherited TMEFF1 deficiency renders them susceptible to this virus and can therefore underlie HSE.


Subject(s)
Brain , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Membrane Proteins , Virus Internalization , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Brain/cytology , Brain/metabolism , Brain/virology , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/virology , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/metabolism , Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity , Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology , Homozygote , Interferon Type I/metabolism , Interferon Type I/immunology , Membrane Proteins/deficiency , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Nectins/genetics , Nectins/metabolism , Neurons/cytology , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/virology , Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology , Virus Replication , Child, Preschool , Young Adult , Pedigree
2.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(5): 1177-1190, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1352104

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: en las prácticas docentes de Enfermería de la educación en el trabajo, que se realizan en centros hospitalarios, los estudiantes y enfermeros están expuestos al contagio por covid-19. De ahí que se haga necesaria la preparación de este personal para ejercer su labor de un modo exitoso en medio de un escenario complejo. Objetivo: evaluar el enfrentamiento a la covid-19 por parte de educandos y personal de enfermería en las prácticas de la educación en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de intervención y desarrollo en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, entre septiembre y octubre de 2020, período de rebrote de la covid. Para ello se trabajó con el universo constituido por 12 pacientes, 12 cuidadores y 6 educandos de 5to año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería. El estudio se dividió en tres etapas: diagnóstica, entrenamiento y evaluación. Se utilizó la entrevista. Resultados: predominó en los pacientes el grupo etario de 40 a 49 años, con 41,66 % del género masculino. En los cuidadores predominó el femenino, y la edad de 50 a 59 años. El entrenamiento resultó efectivo en un 58,33 %. Conclusiones: la prevención y el autocuidado fueron respuestas estratégicas positivas como formas de actuación en los educandos y el resto del personal que participó en la investigación. La labor asistencial educativa minimizó el riesgo epidemiológico en los pacientes y cuidadores, y logró un incremento en la percepción de riesgo de contraer la enfermedad (AU).


ABSTRACT Introduction: students and nurses are exposed to contagion by COVID-19 during the Nursing teaching practices of on-the-job training carried out in hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary train these staff to carry out their work successfully in the middle of a difficult scenario. Objective: to evaluate COVID-19 facing by students and nursing staff in the practices of on-the-job training. Materials and methods: an intervention and development research was conducted in the Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, of Matanzas, between September and October 2020, period of COVID-19 resurgence. For that we worked with a universe of 12 patients, 12 caregivers and 6 5th-year students of Nursing degree. The study was divided into three stages: diagnosis, training and evaluation. The interview was used. Results: the 40-49 age group predominated among patients, with 41.66 % of the male gender. Among caregivers, female gender predominated and 50-59 age group. The training was effective at 58.33 %. Conclusions: prevention and self-care were positive strategic answers as forms of action in students and the rest of the staff involved in the research. The educational aid work minimized the epidemiological risk in patients and caregivers, and achieved an increase in risk perception of contracting the disease (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Nursing/classification , COVID-19/nursing , Caregivers/education , Education, Nursing/classification , Disease Prevention , Learning
3.
Humanidad. med ; 21(2): 385-397, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286699

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad psicosomática que reduce la calidad de vida de quien la padece, y tiene el riesgo de progresar en intensidad hasta producir daño e incapacidad permanente. Este texto recoge las experiencias de un estudio cuyo objetivo estuvo orientado a identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los licenciados en Enfermería del Policlínico Docente Reinol García, del consejo popular Versalles, perteneciente al municipio Matanzas, de la provincia cubana de igual nombre; acerca del manejo del paciente con asma bronquial. Método: El estudio mencionado tuvo carácter exploratorio descriptivo, desplegado como parte del Programa Nacional de Prevención del asma bronquial durante el período 2019-2020, acerca de las necesidades de aprendizaje de este personal para el manejo de tal situación de salud. El universo fue constituido por 31 licenciados, que laboran en los consultorios médicos y en el policlínico implicado en la investigación. Se aplicó un instrumento diseñado por un grupo de expertos y aplicado a la manera de un examen o prueba escrita por personal calificado, con carácter anónimo y previo consentimiento informado, sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, epistemológicos y teóricos prácticos. Resultados: Se constataron carencias y vacíos de conocimientos relacionados con el tema, de lo cual derivaronestrategias de superación profesional. Discusión: Los hallazgos constatados en la etapa experimental se corroboran con los resultados y criterios emitidos por especialistas y académicos que han profundizado en el tratamiento del tema.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Asthma is a psychosomatic disease that reduces the quality of life of those who suffer from it, and has the risk of progressing in intensity until it produces damage and permanent disability. This text collects the experiences of a study whose objective was aimed at identifying the learning needs of the Nursing graduates of the Educational Polyclinic Reinol García, of the Versalles popular council, belonging to the Matanzas municipality, of the Cuban province of the same name; about the management of the patient with bronchial asthma. Method: The aforementioned study had a descriptive exploratory nature, deployed as part of the National Program for the Prevention of bronchial asthma during the 2019-2020 period, about the learning needs of these personnel for the management of such health situation. The universe was made up of 31 graduates, who work in the medical offices and in the polyclinic involved in the research. An instrument designed by a group of experts was applied in the manner of an exam or written test by qualified personnel, with an anonymous character and with prior informed consent, on epidemiological, epistemological and practical theoretical aspects. Results: There were deficiencies and gaps in knowledge related to the subject, from which professional improvement strategies were derived. Discussion: The findings found in the experimental stage are corroborated with the results and criteria issued by specialists and academics who have delved into the treatment of the subject.

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