[Clinicopathological features of metastatic melanoma in effusion cytology of serosal cavity].

Objective: To investigate the clinical, cytomorphology, immunocytochemical and molecular features of metastatic melanoma in serosal cavity effusion. Methods: Cytological specimens of 14 patients with melanoma in the chest and abdomen were collected from 2017 to 2023, at the Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. SOX10, S-100 protein, PRAME, BRAF V600E, HMB45, and Melan A were detected by immunocytochemical methods. Fourteen cases were tested for routine antibody combinations, including Claudin4, HEG1, Calretinin, CD68, etc. Four of the patients had biopsy or surgical samples of metastatic solid lesions of primary sites, and further next-generation sequencing (NGS) or amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR molecular test was performed. In addition, 30 cases of serosal effusion samples were collected as control groups (10 cases of benign mesothelial cell reactive hyperplasia, 10 cases of mesothelioma, and 10 cases of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma). Results: Among the 14 cases of melanoma, there were 7 males and 7 females, with ages ranging from 35 to 86 years, and an average age of 57 years, there 10 cases aged ≥50 years. The tumor cells in the serosal effusion varied in morphology and degree of atypia. SOX10 was positive in all 14 cases (14/14), S-100 protein was positive in 10 cases (10/14), PRAME was positive in 12 cases (12/14), BRAF V600E was positive in 10 cases (10/14), HMB45 was positive in 12 cases (12/14), and Melan A was positive in 13 cases (13/14). In 4 patients with histological correlation, the cytological and histological expression of SOX10, BRAF V600E, and PRAME was positive in all 4 cases (4/4); S-100 protein was positive in 2 cases (2/4); and HMB45 and Melan A were positive in 3 cases (3/4). Using NGS or ARMS-PCR, missense mutations of BRAF V600E were detected in all 4 patients; TERT promoter mutations was detected in 1 case; and CDKN2A terminating mutations and MSI1 deletion mutations were detected in the other case. SOX10, S-100, HMB45, Melan A, PRAME and BRAF V600E were all negative in 30 control samples of serosal cavity effusion. Conclusion: By observing the morphology of tumor cells, immunocytochemical test of several combination markers, especially the expression of SOX10, BRAF V600E and PRAME, can help to improve the positive diagnosis rate of melanoma in serous cavity effusion.

Selective recovery of antimony from Sb-bearing copper concentrates by integration of alkaline sulphide leaching solutions and microwave-assisted heating: A new sustainable processing route.

The technical feasibility of leaching antimony from an antimony-bearing copper sulphide concentrate, using alkaline sulphide solutions and microwave-assisted and non-assisted heating technology, is investigated at a laboratory scale. The leaching test examines the influence of selective leaching reagent (Na2S and NaOH) concentrations, solid/liquid ratio, and temperature. The results indicate that antimony dissolution is highly selective (e.g. only Sb and As are leached), depending on the concentrations of leaching reagents and the leaching temperature. The influence of temperature on the mineral's dissolution, in the range 25-140 °C, is analysed from a thermochemical point of view using equilibrium databases. Under the optimal conditions: leaching agent: 250 g/L Na2S, 60 g/L NaOH, 2 h, 140 °C, with microwave assisted, the leaching efficiency of Sb reached 95.7 %. The antimony content in the copper concentrate is successfully reduced from 1.1 wt% to <0.2 wt% Sb, making it suitable for copper concentrate metallurgical processing. The study demonstrates that increasing temperature and NaOH/Na2S concentrations collectively enhance leaching efficiency, with a statistical significance, reducing both leaching time and the required temperature, compared to non-microwave-assisted leaching. Furthermore, it is established that excess free hydrogen sulphide ions ensure the efficient dissolution of the main impurities associated with penalties, such as antimony and arsenic, with limited copper and iron dissolution from the copper concentrate, predominantly chalcopyrite. Finally, an integrated hydrometallurgical process flowsheet for antimony removal and recovery from a sulphide copper concentrate is proposed.

[Efficacy of venetoclax-based induction regimen in newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia].

Objective: To explore the efficacy of venetoclax-based induction regimen for children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Children with newly diagnosed AML in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and Baoding Hospital Affliliated to Capital Medical University from November 2019 and December 2023 were prospectively included. The patients were divided into DAH group (daunorubicin, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) and VAH group (venetoclax, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) according to induction regimen. The clinical data of the children were collected, the clinical characteristics and induced remission rate between the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting the induced remission rate. Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled, including 96 cases in the DAH group (54 males and 42 females), aged [M (Q1, Q3)] 6.4 (3.9, 11.6) years and 39 cases in the VAH group (26 males and 13 females), aged 8.0 (6.2, 13.2) years. Among patients initially diagnosed with low-medium risk AML, the morphologic complete remission rates were 94.7% (18/19) in the VAH group and 84.4% (38/45) in the DAH group, respectively, and the negativity conversion rates of minirnal residual disease (MRD) were 57.9% (11/19) and 46.7% (21/45), respectively, with no statistically difference (all P>0.05). Among patients initially diagnoised with high-risk AML, the morphologic complete remission rates in the VAH group was higher than that in the DAH group [95.0% (19/20) vs 70.6% (36/51), P=0.027], and negativity conversion rates of MRD were 45.0% (9/20) and 33.3% (17/51), respectively, with no statistically difference (P=0.359). The induction regimen (venetoclax, cytarabine and homoharringtonin) was beneficial to morphological remission (OR=0.126, 95%CI: 0.025-0.629). FLT3 mutation was not conducive to morphological remission (OR=5.832, 95%CI: 1.778-19.124) and negative MRD (OR=4.166, 95%CI: 1.396-12.433). Conclusion: Venetoclax-based induction regimen is more effective than traditional chemotherapy regimen for newly diagnosed pediatric AML.

[Utilization of outpatient service of pneumoconiosis patients in Chongqing and its influencing factors].

Objective: To understand the utilization and characteristics of outpatient services for pneumoconiosis patients within two weeks in Chongqing, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide reference for relevant policy making. Methods: From October 2020 to October 2022, 1771 pneumoconiosis patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted on their basic situation, utilization of outpatient services within two weeks, treatment for pneumoconiosis-related symptoms, and selection of medical service institutions using χ(2)-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: All the 1771 pneumoconiosis patients were male, with the average age of (56.1±10.19) years old. In the pneumoconiosis patients were treated in outpatient department within 2 weeks.40.0% (204/510) of aged 41~50 years Rural patients accounted for 87.8% (448/510) ; 65.1% (332/510) of silicosis patients, 37.5% (191/510) of stage II patients, 75.1% (383/510) of patients did not continue to engage in dust work after diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, and 57.1% (291/510) of patients never had work-related injury insurance at work. The outpatient rate within two weeks of pneumoconiosis related assistance and subsistence allowance was 17.6% (90/510) and 12.5% (64/510), respectively. The average self-health score of the patients was (52.9±16.2). 28.2% of the patients had purchased work-related injury insurance; Among the 1204 patients who received the treatment within two weeks, 42.2% were in the outpatient department, 20.7% were in the inpatient department, and 36.9% were self-buyers. There was a significant difference between the different treatment methods of the patients (χ(2)=27.53, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in patients from different residence choosing to visit different medical institutions (χ(2)=13.97, P<0.05). The stage of pneumoconiosis, presence of complications, presence of work injury insurance, self-health score, and whether he/she has been hospitalized in the past year are the important factors affecting the outpatient treatment of pneumoconiosis patients. Conclusion: The utilization of outpatient service of pneumoconiosis patients is influenced by demographic sociology, social support and disease characteristics. The quality of occupational disease medical service in primary health institutions should be strengthened so that pneumoconiosis patients can get convenient and effective treatment. Establish a more perfect social security support system to reduce the disease burden of pneumoconiosis patients.

[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement].

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement, aiming enhance its recognition and prevent misdiagnosis. Methods: The clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results of six cases diagnosed with IRF4 rearrangement-positive B-cell lymphoma at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from 2015 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. Results: Six patients with IRF4 rearrangement-positive large B-cell lymphoma were included. Patients 1 to 5 included three males and two females with a median age of 19 years ranging from 11 to 34 years. Four patients presented with head and neck lesions, while the other one had a breast nodule; all were in clinical Ann Arbor stages I to Ⅱ. Morphologically, entirely diffuse pattern was present in two cases, purely follicular pattern in one case, and diffuse and follicular patterns in other two cases. The tumor cells, predominantly centroblasts mixed with some irregular centrocytes, were of medium to large size, with a starry sky appearance observed in two cases. Immunophenotyping revealed all cases were positive for bcl-6 and MUM1, with a Ki-67 index ranging from 70% to 90%, and CD10 was positive in two cases. IRF4 rearrangement was confirmed in all cases by FISH analysis, with dual IRF4/bcl-6 rearrangements identified in two cases, leading to a diagnosis of LBCL-IRF4. Case 6, a 39-year-old female with a tonsillar mass and classified as clinical Ann Arbor stage Ⅳ, displayed predominantly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) morphology with 20% high-grade follicular lymphoma characteristics. Immunohistochemistry showed negative CD10 and positive bcl-6/MUM1, with a Ki-67 index of approximately 80%. Triple rearrangements of IRF4/bcl-2/bcl-6 were identified by FISH, leading to a diagnosis of DLBCL with 20% follicular lymphoma (FL). All six patients achieved complete remission after treatment, with no progression or relapse during a follow-up period of 31-100 months. Conclusions: Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement is a rare entity with pathological features that overlap with those of FL and DLBCL. While IRF4 rearrangement is necessary for diagnosing LBCL-IRF4, it is not specific and requires differentiation from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas with IRF4 rearrangement.

[Erdheim-Chester disease initially discovered at extraskeletal locations: a clinicopathological analysis of four cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) initially diagnosed at extraskeletal locations. Methods: Clinical and pathological data of four cases of ECD diagnosed initially in extraskeletal locations were collected at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2013 to June 2023. BRAF V600E gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pertinent literatures were reviewed. Results: Four ECD patients included two males and two females ranging in ages from 2 years 11 months to 69 years. The lesions located in the lung (two cases), central nervous system (one case), and the testicle (one case) were collected in the study. One patient had occasional fever at night, one had nausea and vomiting, and two were asymptomatic. Radiologically, the two pulmonary ECD showed diffuse ground-glass nodules in both lungs, and the lesions in central nervous system and testicle both showed solid masses. Microscopically, there were infiltration of foamy histiocyte-like cells and multinucleated giant cells in a fibrotic background, accompanied by varying amounts of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The infiltration of tumor cells in pulmonary ECD was mainly seen in the subpleural area, interlobular septa, and perivascular and peribronchiolar areas. The fibrosis was more pronounced in the pleura and interlobular septa, and less pronounced in the alveolar septa. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all tumor cells expressed CD68, CD163 and Fô€ƒ¼a; one case showed S-100 expression; three cases were positive for BRAF V600E; all were negative for CD1α and Langerin. RT-PCR in all four cases showed BRAF V600E gene mutation. Conclusions: Extraskeletal ECD is often rare and occult, and could be easily misdiagnosed, requiring biopsy confirmation. The radiologic findings of pulmonary ECD is significantly different from other types of ECD, and the histopathological features of pronounced infiltration in the subpleura area, interlobular septa, perivascular and peribronchiolar areas can be helpful in the differential diagnosis from other pulmonary diseases. Detection of BRAF V600E gene mutation by RT-PCR and its expression by immunohistochemical staining are also helpful in the diagnosis.

[Bioinformatics-based analysis of the effect of general Transcription Factor IIH on prognosis of Prostate cancer].

Objective: To investigate the genetic and expression characteristics of transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) in pre-initiationcomplex in prostate cancer (PCa) and its relationship with prostate cancer progression. Methods: Analyzing the expression characteristics and clinical signification of TFIIH subunits about 495 cases of PCa and 52 cases of adjacent cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Prostate adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) database. PCa microarray chip was used to verify the correlation between the key factor General Transcription Factor IIH Subunit 4 (GTF2H4) in TFIIH and clinical features. Results: The 495 patients with PCa were (61.01±6.82) years old.The mRNA expression of ERCC3、GTF2H4 and MNAT1 were high in PCa tissues with GS≥8(P<0.05). The expression of GTF2H4 and MNAT1 were relevant to the pathological stages(P<0.05). High expression of GTF2H4 has higher biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate in PCa patients(HR=2.47, 95%CI:1.62-3.77, P<0.001), which has better predictive effect of BCR in PCa patients(The 3rd, 5th, and 7th year AUC all>0.7) than other subunits, and it has been verified in four additional databases. Single-factor Cox regression analysis showed that GTF2H4 were risk factors for BCR (HR=2.470, 95%CI:1.620-3.767, P<0.001) and GTF2H5 were protective factors(HR=0.506,95%CI: 0.336-0.762, P=0.001). The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the protein expression of GTF2H4 was correlated with the clinical features of PCa patients.The differences of the above results were statistically significant. Conclusion: GTF2H4, the key factor of TFIIH, is highly expressed in PCa and indicates a poor prognosis.

Complete chloroplast genomes of eight Artemisia species: Comparative analysis, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis.

Artemisia L. is the largest genus in the Asteraceae, and well known for its high medicinal value. The morphological features of Artemisia species are similar, making taxonomic identification and evolutionary research difficult. We sequenced chloroplast genomes of eight Artemisia species, all of which are common adulterants of A. argyi. We used novel genetic data and compared these data to the published A. argyi chloroplast genome in to develop molecular markers for species identification and reconstructing phylogenetic relationships between Artemisia species. The eight chloroplast sequences were highly similar in gene order, content, and structure, encoding a total of 114 genes (82 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNAs, and four rRNAs). All species harboured similar repeat sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), ranging from 47 to 49 and 38 to 40 repeats, respectively. In addition, we identified five hypervariable regions (rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnQ, petN-psbM, trnE-rpoB, and atpA-trnR) and ten variable coding genes (ycf1, psbG, rpl36, psaC, psaI, accD, psbT, ndhD, ndhE, and psbH), which can be used to develop chloroplast molecular markers. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions based on six datasets produced similar topologies, revealing A. argyi is closely related to species often found as adulterants, as expected. Our research provides valuable new information on the evolution and phylogenetic relationships between Artemisia chloroplast genomes and identifies valuable molecular makers to distinguish it from closely related species.

Immediate implant placement for chronic peri-apical periodontitis in the molar region: a randomised controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of immediate implantation for chronic peri-apical periodontitis in the molar region. Seventy-four molars were selected and allocated randomly to two groups. The experimental group (n = 38) received immediate implantation by flap surgery and the control group (n = 36) received delayed implantation. CBCT was performed immediately after surgery (T1) and 12 months after the permanent repair (T3). The implant survival rate at T3 was 100% in both groups. There was no significant difference in buccal or lingual vertical marginal bone loss between the groups (P = 0.515, P = 0.736). However, the buccal horizontal margin bone loss was significantly greater in the experimental group: 0.98 ± 0.34 mm vs 0.77 ± 0.27 mm in the control group (P = 0.003). In the experimental group, the highest point of buccal and lingual implant-bone contact increased at T3. The buccal and lingual jump gap widths were 3.21 ± 1.10 mm and 2.92 ± 1.01 mm at T1, and CBCT showed no jump gap around the implants at T3. The clinical outcomes showed immediate implantation to be feasible for chronic peri-apical periodontitis in the molar region.

Treatment of auricular pseudocysts using enhanced negative drainage: a prospective study of 21 cases.

OBJECTIVE: Auricular pseudocysts are rare, painless, benign intracartilaginous cysts of the auricle that are not lined by epithelium and have no known aetiology. METHOD: This was a prospective study conducted in an ENT department from January 2020 to June 2022. In 21 patients, complete aspiration of the pseudocyst with enhanced negative drainage was performed. They were followed for a minimum of six months. RESULTS: All patients completely responded to the negative drainage treatment. No cases of recurrence or obvious deformities were observed. CONCLUSION: Aspiration with intensified negative drainage was associated with a positive response in patients with auricular pseudocysts. Complete resolution of the swelling can be achieved without any serious complications. Thus, it appears to be a simple and effective method for managing the condition.

[Value of radiomics models based on MRI diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules].

Objective: To investigate the value of radiomics models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A cross-sectional study. Clinical data of 148 thyroid nodules (50 benign, 98 malignant) from 140 patients who underwent thyroid MRI examination in Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2019 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The nodules were used as the study units, and a leave-one-out method was used to randomly divide the nodules into a training set and a test set at a 7∶3 ratio. Region of interest was segmented and radiomics features were extracted from the DWI and ADC images. In the training set, feature selection was performed using inter-observer agreement analysis, U-test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, and correlation analysis. Four classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and logistic regression (LR) were used to build models with the selected features, including the DWI models, ADC models, and combined models. The models were independently tested in the test set. The performance of the radiomics models in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with pathological results as the gold standard. Results: Of the 140 patients, there were 40 males and 100 females, with a mean age of (38.4±12.2) years. After feature selection, 11 DWI features and 11 ADC features were used to build the models. In the training set, the AUC values of the combined models were higher than those of the corresponding DWI and ADC models. In the test set, the SVM combined model showed the best predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.873 (95%CI:0.740-0.954), accuracy of 75.6%, sensitivity of 46.7%, specificity of 90.0%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 70.0% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 77.1%, while the RF combined model had an AUC of 0.836 (95%CI:0.695-0.929), accuracy of 77.8%, sensitivity of 40.0%, specificity of 96.7%, PPV of 85.7% and NPV of 76.3%, the KNN combined model had an AUC of 0.832 (95%CI:0.691-0.927), accuracy of 77.8%, sensitivity of 33.3%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100% and NPV of 75.0%, the LR combined model had an AUC of 0.813 (95%CI:0.669-0.914), accuracy of 77.8%, sensitivity of 60.0%, specificity of 86.7%, PPV of 69.2% and NPV of 81.3%. Conclusions: Radiomics models based on DWI and ADC image features can effectively distinguish benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The SVM combined model had the best prediction performance.

[Survey on the cognition of the "undetectable equals untransmittable" concept among HIV-infected men who have sex with men receiving antiviral treatment].

Objective: To explore the cognition of the "undetectable equals untransmittable" ("U=U") concept and associated factors among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving antiviral treatment (ART) in Shenzhen, and provide evidence for designing promotion and advocacy strategies for the "U=U" concept. Methods: We recruited HIV-infected MSM receiving ART using convenient sampling method combined with routine follow-up in Shenzhen through conducting observational survey. The sample size was estimated to be 475. A questionnaire was administered to collect socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, ART, viral load testing and the cognition towards "U=U" in HIV-infected MSM. Logistic regression was used to access factors associated with acceptance of "U=U". Results: A total of 490 HIV-infected MSM receiving ART were recruited. Of whom, 60.2% (295/490) were aware of "U=U" and 50.6% (248/490) accepted "U=U". Multiple logistic regression showed that participants who had an educational level of college or above (aOR=1.76,95%CI: 1.12-2.75) were more likely to accept "U=U". Those who had no local residency (aOR=0.51,95%CI: 0.29-0.92), had viral load >0 copies/ml in the last testing (aOR=0.61,95%CI: 0.38-0.98) and were unaware of "U=U" (aOR=0.13, 95%CI: 0.09-0.21), were less likely to accept "U=U". Conclusions: HIV-infected MSM receiving ART had a low cognition level of "U=U" in Shenzhen. Promotion and advocacy on this concept through healthcare workers should be enhanced in combination with routine follow-up in order to improve their ART adherence and outcome of treatment. Furthermore, developing related guidelines on "U=U" according to the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals is warranted to improve the normalization of promotion and advocacy on "U=U".

[Differences in biochemical indexes and AIDS-related complications at baseline in HIV- infected patients with different levels of immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy].

Objective: To observe the differences in biochemical indexes and AIDS-related complications at baseline in HIV-infected patients with different levels of immune reconstitution to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: The subjects were treat-naïve adult HIV-infected patients who were followed up for more than 24 months in the Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital affiliated infection clinic at Guangzhou Medical University from January 2010 to December 2017. CD4+ T lymphocyte count at baseline at <200, 200-350, and >350 cells/µl levels were divided into poor, partial, and good immune reconstitution groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H and chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences in baseline sociodemographic characteristics, biochemical indexes, and AIDS-related complications among different groups. The SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the 3 900 HIV-infected individuals, 385 cases (9.9%), 1 206 cases (30.9%), and 2 309 cases (59.2%) were grouped into poor, partial and good immune reconstitution groups, respectively. The baseline biochemical indexes of leukocyte, platelet, hemoglobin, TG, TC, FPG, AST, ALT and total bilirubin in the poor immune reconstitution group were significantly different from those in the good immune reconstitution group (all P<0.05). The proportion of AIDS-related complications at baseline in the poor immune reconstitution group, such as tuberculosis, pneumocystis yeli pneumonia, disseminated mycosis, esophageal candidiasis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, dermatitis, oral candidiasis, oral mucous leukoplakia, continuous diarrhea for more than 1 month and continuous or intermittent fever for more than 1 month, was significantly higher than that in the good immune reconstitution group (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The biochemical indexes and AIDS-related complications in HIV-infected patients with different levels of immune reconstitution were significantly different at baseline. Attention should be paid to monitoring abnormal biomedical indicators and AIDS-related complications at baseline.

[Early results of modified Bikini approach periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia under 50 years of age].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of modified Bikini approach periacetabular osteotomy in the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia under 50 years of age. Methods: The clinical data of 39 patients with developmental hip dysplasia who underwent periacetabular osteotomy in the Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, 20 patients (21 hips) underwent the improved Bikini approach (study group) and 19 patients (20 hips) underwent the improved Smith-Petersen approach (control group).In the study group, there were 3 males and 17 females, aged(M(IQR))27.5 (14.3) years (range:11 to 44 years).In the control group, there were 2 males and 17 females, aged 27.5 (19.3) years (range:17 to 47 years).Both groups were sutured in the same manner by the same physician.Incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded.X-ray images, anterior central marginal angle (ACE), lateral central marginal Angle (LCE) and acetabulum tilt angle (Tonnis AI) were measured before and after the operation.The coverage rate of acetabulum to femoral head (AHI) was measured and calculated, and the healing time was observed.Harris Hip score, International Hip score (IHOT)-12 and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded before and after surgery.Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score and patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) score were recorded 12 months after surgery.The independent sample t test,Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the clinical efficacy between the two groups. Results: All patients successfully completed the operation.There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (all P>0.05).The incision length of the study group was smaller than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (10.5(5.0)cm vs.15.0(3.0),W=309.000,P=0.007).Patients were followed up for (19.1±11.1) months (range:12 to 60 months).Femoral nerve stretching injury occurred in 2 cases and sciatic branch fracture occurred in 1 case in the study group, all of which recovered to normal at 3 months follow-up, while no corresponding injury occurred in the control group.Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in 3 cases in the study group and 2 cases in the control group.Delayed wound healing occurred in 1 case in each of the two groups, and both healed after re-operation debridement and suture.Pubic branch nonunion occurred in 4 patients in the study group and 5 patients in the control group.There were no serious complications such as sciatic nerve and femoral blood vessel injury between the 2 groups, and there was no statistical significance in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups (52.4%(11/21)vs.40.0%(8/20),χ2=0.631,P=0.427).The clinical healing time of the patient was (4.5±1.3) months after surgery (range:3.0 to 8.0 months).There were no significant differences in ACE, LCE, Tonnis AI and AHI between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences in VAS,Harris hip score and IHOT-12 score between the two groups (all P>0.05).The incision scars in the study group were smaller than those in the control group, and the differences in VSS and POSAS were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the improved Smith-Petersen approach, the improved Bikini approach has the same early clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with developmental hip dysplasia under the age of 50, and has the advantages of smaller postoperative incision scars, more hidden and beautiful incision, and no serious complications, which is worthy of further study and promotion.

[Efficacy and safety of peginterferon-α2b for treatment of myeloproliterative neoplasms].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of peginterferon-α2b for treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 107 patients with MPN, including 95 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 12 with polycythemia vera (PV), who all received peginterferon-α2b treatment for at least 12 months. The clnical and follow-up data of the patients were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of the treatment. RESULTS: After receiving peginterferon- α2b treatment, both ET and PV patients achieved high hematological remission rates, and the total remission rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (86% vs 78%, P>0.05). In the overall patients, the spleen index decreased by 13.5% (95%CI: 8.5%-18.5%) after the treatment. The patients with hematological remission showed a significantly greater reduction of the total symptom score than those without hematological remission (P < 0.01). The median percentage of JAK2V617F allele load of PV patients decreased from 67.23% (49.6%-84.86%) at baseline to 19.7% (0.57%-74.6%) after the treatment, and that of JAK2V617F-positive ET patients decreased from 48.97% (0.45%-74.24%) at baseline to 22.1% (0.33%-65.42%) after the treatment. Mild adverse reactions (grade 1-2) were observed in both ET and PV groups without significant differences between them. The overall incidence of thrombotic events during the treatment was 2.8% in these patients, and no serious adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: For patients with chronic myelodysplasia, peginterferon-α2b treatment can achieve a high peripheral blood cell remission rate and maintain a long-term stable state with good effect in relieving symptoms such as splenomegaly. Peginterferon- α2b treatment caused only mild adverse reactions, which can be tolerated by most of the patients.

Multi-scale time-resolved electron diffraction: A case study in moiré materials.

Ultrafast-optical-pump - structural-probe measurements, including ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering, provide direct experimental access to the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, and are thus foundational techniques for studying matter out of equilibrium. High-performance detectors are needed in scattering experiments to obtain maximum scientific value from every probe particle. We deploy a hybrid pixel array direct electron detector to perform ultrafast electron diffraction experiments on a WSe2/MoSe2 2D heterobilayer, resolving the weak features of diffuse scattering and moiré superlattice structure without saturating the zero order peak. Enabled by the detector's high frame rate, we show that a chopping technique provides diffraction difference images with signal-to-noise at the shot noise limit. Finally, we demonstrate that a fast detector frame rate coupled with a high repetition rate probe can provide continuous time resolution from femtoseconds to seconds, enabling us to perform a scanning ultrafast electron diffraction experiment that maps thermal transport in WSe2/MoSe2 and resolves distinct diffusion mechanisms in space and time.

The Incidence and Prognosis Value of Perineural Invasion in Rectal Carcinoma: From Meta-Analyses and Real-World Clinical Pathological Features.

AIMS: Perineural invasion (PNI) is a special type of metastasis of several cancers and has been reported as being a factor for poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. However, investigations of PNI in only rectal cancer and a comprehensive analysis combining meta-analyses with real-world case studies remain lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, articles from 2000 to 2020 concerning the relationship between PNI and rectal cancer prognoses and clinical features were meta-analysed. Subsequently, we carried out a retrospective analysis of 312 rectal cancer cases that underwent radical surgery in the real world. The incidence of PNI and the relationship between PNI and prognosis, as well as clinicopathological factors, were investigated. RESULTS: The incidence of PNI was 23.09% and 33.01% in the meta-analysis and clinical cases, respectively. PNI occurred as early as stage I (2.94%). Moreover, neoadjuvant therapy significantly reduced the PNI-positive rate (20.34% versus 26.54%). Both meta-analysis and real-world clinical case studies suggested that PNI-positive patients had poorer prognoses than PNI-negative patients. We established an effective risk model consisting of T stage, differentiation and lymphovascular invasion to predict PNI in rectal cancer. CONCLUSION: PNI is a poor prognostic factor for rectal cancer and could occur even in stage I. Additionally, neoadjuvant therapy could sufficiently reduce the PNI-positive rate. T stage, lymphovascular invasion and differentiation grade were independent risk factors for PNI and the risk model that included these factors could predict the probability of PNI.