Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity, Mutagenicity, Hepatocytotoxicity and Nitroreductase Enzyme Evaluation of 3-Nitrotriazole, 2-Nitroimidazole and Triazole Derivatives.

Chagas disease (CD), which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and was discovered more than 100 years ago, remains the leading cause of death from parasitic diseases in the Americas. As a curative treatment is only available for the acute phase of CD, the search for new therapeutic options is urgent. In this study, nitroazole and azole compounds were synthesized and underwent molecular modeling, anti-T. cruzi evaluations and nitroreductase enzymatic assays. The compounds were designed as possible inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis and/or as substrates of nitroreductase enzymes. The in vitro evaluation against T. cruzi clearly showed that nitrotriazole compounds are significantly more potent than nitroimidazoles and triazoles. When their carbonyls were reduced to hydroxyl groups, the compounds showed a significant increase in activity. In addition, these substances showed potential for action via nitroreductase activation, as the substances were metabolized at higher rates than benznidazole (BZN), a reference drug against CD. Among the compounds, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol (8) is the most potent and selective of the series, with an IC50 of 0.39 µM and selectivity index of 3077; compared to BZN, 8 is 4-fold more potent and 2-fold more selective. Moreover, this compound was not mutagenic at any of the concentrations evaluated, exhibited a favorable in silico ADMET profile and showed a low potential for hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by the high values of CC50 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, compared to BZN, derivative 8 showed a higher rate of conversion by nitroreductase and was metabolized three times more quickly when both compounds were tested at a concentration of 50 µM. The results obtained by the enzymatic evaluation and molecular docking studies suggest that, as planned, nitroazole derivatives may utilize the nitroreductase metabolism pathway as their main mechanism of action against Trypanosoma cruzi. In summary, we have successfully identified and characterized new nitrotriazole analogs, demonstrating their potential as promising candidates for the development of Chagas disease drug candidates that function via nitroreductase activation, are considerably selective and show no mutagenic potential.

Clinical performance validation of the STANDARD G6PD test: A multi-country pooled analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Screening for G6PD deficiency can inform disease management including malaria. Treatment with the antimalarial drugs primaquine and tafenoquine can be guided by point-of-care testing for G6PD deficiency. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Data from similar clinical studies evaluating the performance of the STANDARD G6PD Test (SD Biosensor, South Korea) conducted in Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States were pooled. Test performance was assessed in a retrospective analysis on capillary and venous specimens. All study sites used spectrophotometry for reference G6PD testing, and either the HemoCue or complete blood count for reference hemoglobin measurement. The sensitivity of the STANDARD G6PD Test using the manufacturer thresholds for G6PD deficient and intermediate cases in capillary specimens from 4212 study participants was 100% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 97.5%-100%) for G6PD deficient cases with <30% activity and 77% (95% CI 66.8%-85.4%) for females with intermediate activity between 30%-70%. Specificity was 98.1% (95% CI 97.6%-98.5%) and 92.8% (95% CI 91.6%-93.9%) for G6PD deficient individuals and intermediate females, respectively. Out of 20 G6PD intermediate females with false normal results, 12 had activity levels >60% on the reference assay. The negative predictive value for females with G6PD activity >60% was 99.6% (95% CI 99.1%-99.8%) on capillary specimens. Sensitivity among 396 P. vivax malaria cases was 100% (69.2%-100.0%) for both deficient and intermediate cases. Across the full dataset, 37% of those classified as G6PD deficient or intermediate resulted from true normal cases. Despite this, over 95% of cases would receive correct treatment with primaquine, over 87% of cases would receive correct treatment with tafenoquine, and no true G6PD deficient cases would be treated inappropriately based on the result of the STANDARD G6PD Test. CONCLUSIONS: The STANDARD G6PD Test enables safe access to drugs which are contraindicated for individuals with G6PD deficiency. Operational considerations will inform test uptake in specific settings.

Depressive symptoms and sleep in aged caregivers in a context of high social vulnerability.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers of elderly people, in a context of high social vulnerability. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 with 65 aged caregivers of elderly people that were treated in five Family Heath Units from São Carlos, São Paulo. Instruments to characterize the caregivers and to evaluate the depressive symptoms and sleep quality were used in data collection. The Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Correlation tests were adopted. RESULTS: 73.9% of the caregivers presented poor sleep quality and 69.2% did not have depressive symptoms. In the caregivers with severe depressive symptoms, the mean sleep quality score was 11.4; in those with mild depressive symptoms, it was 9.0; and in those without depressive symptoms, it was 6.4. There was a direct and moderate correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers.

Frailty is associated with sociodemographic and health factors and related to the care context of older caregivers: a Brazilian cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The task of caring can arise suddenly without guidance or support, resulting in psychological tension and health impairment, which can culminate in the development of frailty. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between frailty and sociodemographic and health aspects related to the care context of older caregivers. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 older caregivers registered in family health units in the interior of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: The participants were interviewed individually using the following instruments: a characterization questionnaire, Fried's frailty phenotype, Zarit Burden's Interview, Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index, and Lawton Scale. In addition, the following statistical tests were applied: Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. A significance level of 5% was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Women who took care of their spouses predominated without prior training or the help of other people. Most of the patients were pre-frail (72.3%). Frailty was significantly related to marital status (P = 0.016), depressive symptoms (P = 0.029), cognitive decline (P = 0.029), the degree of kinship (P = 0.015), and burden (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Older caregivers without a partner, with severe depressive symptoms and cognitive changes, who cared for their parents, and had higher levels of burden, presented a higher proportion of frailty.

Depressive symptoms and sleep in aged caregivers in a context of high social vulnerability / Síntomas depresivos y sueño de ancianos cuidadores inmersos en un contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social / Sintomas depressivos e sono de idosos cuidadores inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers of elderly people, in a context of high social vulnerability. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 with 65 aged caregivers of elderly people that were treated in five Family Heath Units from São Carlos, São Paulo. Instruments to characterize the caregivers and to evaluate the depressive symptoms and sleep quality were used in data collection. The Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Correlation tests were adopted. Results: 73.9% of the caregivers presented poor sleep quality and 69.2% did not have depressive symptoms. In the caregivers with severe depressive symptoms, the mean sleep quality score was 11.4; in those with mild depressive symptoms, it was 9.0; and in those without depressive symptoms, it was 6.4. There was a direct and moderate correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: There is a relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre síntomas depresivos y calidad del sueño de ancianos cuidadores de ancianos en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado de Julio/2019 a Marzo/2020 con 65 ancianos cuidadores de ancianos, atendidos por cinco Unidades de Salud de la Familia, en São Carlos, São Paulo. En la recopilación de datos se utilizaron instrumentos para caracterizar a los cuidadores, evaluar los síntomas depresivos y la calidad del sueño. Se adoptaron las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: 73,9% de los cuidadores presentaron sueño de mala calidad y 69,2% no presentaron síntomas depresivos. En los cuidadores con síntomas depresivos graves, la puntuación media de la calidad del sueño fue de 11,4, en aquellos con síntomas depresivos leves fue de 9,0 y en aquellos sin síntomas depresivos fue de 6,4. Hubo una correlación directa y moderada entre la calidad del sueño y los síntomas depresivos. Conclusión: Existe una relación entre los síntomas depresivos y la calidad del sueño en ancianos cuidadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono de idosos cuidadores de idosos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de julho/2019 a março/2020 com 65 idosos cuidadores de idosos, atendidos por cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família, em São Carlos, São Paulo. Instrumentos para caracterizar os cuidadores, avaliar os sintomas depressivos e a qualidade do sono foram usados na coleta de dados. Os testes Kruskal Wallis e Correlação de Spearman foram adotados. Resultados: 73,9% dos cuidadores apresentaram sono de má qualidade e 69,2% não apresentaram sintomas depressivos. Nos cuidadores com sintomas depressivos severos, o escore médio de qualidade do sono foi 11,4, nos com sintomas depressivos leves foi 9,0 e naqueles sem sintomas depressivos foi 6,4. Houve correlação direta e moderada entre qualidade do sono e sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: Existe relação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono em idosos cuidadores.

Frailty is associated with sociodemographic and health factors and related to the care context of older caregivers: a Brazilian cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The task of caring can arise suddenly without guidance or support, resulting in psychological tension and health impairment, which can culminate in the development of frailty. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between frailty and sociodemographic and health aspects related to the care context of older caregivers. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 older caregivers registered in family health units in the interior of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: The participants were interviewed individually using the following instruments: a characterization questionnaire, Fried's frailty phenotype, Zarit Burden's Interview, Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index, and Lawton Scale. In addition, the following statistical tests were applied: Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. A significance level of 5% was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Women who took care of their spouses predominated without prior training or the help of other people. Most of the patients were pre-frail (72.3%). Frailty was significantly related to marital status (P = 0.016), depressive symptoms (P = 0.029), cognitive decline (P = 0.029), the degree of kinship (P = 0.015), and burden (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Older caregivers without a partner, with severe depressive symptoms and cognitive changes, who cared for their parents, and had higher levels of burden, presented a higher proportion of frailty.

Correlation of family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults.

AIM: to analyze the relationship between family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older people. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 98 informal caregivers of hospitalized older people in an inpatient unit of a large hospital in São Carlos, São Paulo. For data collection were used questionnaires to sociodemographic and care context characterization, to evaluate burden and family functionality. Descriptive analyzes and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: female caregivers predominated, who took care of their parents and had no training. Approximately 59.8% of caregivers had good family functionality and 49.5% scored for mild to moderate burden. There was a negative correlation, moderate magnitude, between family functionality and burden (p<0,001). The higher the burden score, the lower the family functionality score and vice versa. CONCLUSION: caregivers with high burden had worse family functionality. Therefore, nurses need to identify such conditions early and implement assertive interventions so that the family functions as a therapeutic resource.

Correlation of family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults / Correlación de funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga de cuidadores informales de ancianos hospitalizados / Correlação da funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga de cuidadores informais de idosos hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Aim to analyze the relationship between family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older people. Methods this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 98 informal caregivers of hospitalized older people in an inpatient unit of a large hospital in São Carlos, São Paulo. For data collection were used questionnaires to sociodemographic and care context characterization, to evaluate burden and family functionality. Descriptive analyzes and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. Results female caregivers predominated, who took care of their parents and had no training. Approximately 59.8% of caregivers had good family functionality and 49.5% scored for mild to moderate burden. There was a negative correlation, moderate magnitude, between family functionality and burden (p<0,001). The higher the burden score, the lower the family functionality score and vice versa. Conclusion caregivers with high burden had worse family functionality. Therefore, nurses need to identify such conditions early and implement assertive interventions so that the family functions as a therapeutic resource.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar la relación entre la funcionalidad familiar y la sobrecarga de los cuidadores informales de ancianos hospitalizados. Métodos estudio transversal realizado con 98 cuidadores informales de ancianos hospitalizados en una unidad de internación de un gran hospital de São Carlos, São Paulo. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron cuestionarios para caracterizar sociodemográficos y contexto de atención, para evaluar la sobrecarga y funcionalidad familiar. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados predominaban las cuidadoras femeninas, que cuidaban a sus padres y carecían de formación. Acerca de 59,8% de los cuidadores mostró una buena funcionalidad familiar y 49,5% puntuó por sobrecarga leve a moderada. Hubo una correlación negativa, de magnitud moderada, entre funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga (p <0,001). Cuanto mayor puntuación de carga, menor puntuación de funcionalidad familiar y viceversa Conclusión los cuidadores con alta carga tenían peor funcionalidad familiar. Por lo tanto, las enfermeras necesitan identificar estas condiciones de manera temprana e implementar intervenciones asertivas para que la familia pueda funcionar como un recurso terapéutico.

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a relação entre funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga de cuidadores informais de idosos hospitalizados. Método estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 98 cuidadores informais de idosos hospitalizados em São Carlos, São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados questionários para caracterização sociodemográfica e do contexto de cuidado, para avaliação da sobrecarga e da funcionalidade familiar. Foram usadas análises descritivas e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados predominaram cuidadores do sexo feminino, que cuidavam de seus progenitores e não possuíam capacitação. Aproximadamente 59,8% deles apresentaram boa funcionalidade familiar, e 49,5%, sobrecarga leve a moderada. Houve correlação negativa, de moderada magnitude, entre funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga (p<0,001). Quanto maior o escore de sobrecarga, menor o escore de funcionalidade familiar e vice-versa. Conclusão cuidadores com alta sobrecarga apresentaram pior funcionalidade familiar. Diante disso, enfermeiros precisam identificar precocemente tais condições e implementar intervenções assertivas para que a família funcione como um recurso terapêutico.

Evaluation of a point-of-care diagnostic to identify glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common enzyme deficiency, prevalent in many malaria-endemic countries. G6PD-deficient individuals are susceptible to hemolysis during oxidative stress, which can occur from exposure to certain medications, including 8-aminoquinolines used to treat Plasmodium vivax malaria. Accordingly, access to point-of-care (POC) G6PD testing in Brazil is critical for safe treatment of P. vivax malaria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study evaluated the performance of the semi-quantitative, POC STANDARD G6PD Test (SD Biosensor, Republic of Korea). Participants were recruited at clinics and through an enriched sample in Manaus and Porto Velho, Brazil. G6PD and hemoglobin measurements were obtained from capillary samples at the POC using the STANDARD and HemoCue 201+ (HemoCue AB, Sweden) tests. A thick blood slide was prepared for malaria microscopy. At the laboratories, the STANDARD and HemoCue tests were repeated on venous samples and a quantitative spectrophotometric G6PD reference assay was performed (Pointe Scientific, Canton, MI). G6PD was also assessed by fluorescent spot test. In Manaus, a complete blood count was performed. Samples were analyzed from 1,736 participants. In comparison to spectrophotometry, the STANDARD G6PD Test performed equivalently in determining G6PD status in venous and capillary specimens under varied operating temperatures. Using the manufacturer-recommended reference value thresholds, the test's sensitivity at the <30% threshold on both specimen types was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] venous 93.6%-100.0%; capillary 93.8%-100.0%). Specificity was 98.6% on venous specimens (95% CI 97.9%-99.1%) and 97.8% on capillary (95% CI 97.0%-98.5%). At the 70% threshold, the test's sensitivity was 96.9% on venous specimens (95% CI 83.8%-99.9%) and 94.3% on capillary (95% CI 80.8%-99.3%). Specificity was 96.5% (95% CI 95.0%-97.6%) and 92.3% (95% CI 90.3%-94.0%) on venous and capillary specimens, respectively. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The STANDARD G6PD Test is a promising tool to aid in POC detection of G6PD deficiency in Brazil. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04033640).

Usability of a point-of-care diagnostic to identify glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a multi-country assessment of test label comprehension and results interpretation.

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing has the potential to make the use of radical treatment for vivax malaria safer and more effective. Widespread use of G6PD tests as part of malaria case management has been limited, in part due to due concerns regarding product usability, user training, and supervision. This study seeks to assess how well end users can understand the Standard™ G6PD Test (SD Biosensor, Suwon, South Korea) workflow, result output, and label after training. This will ultimately help inform test registration and introduction. METHODS: Potential G6PD test users who provide malaria case management at three sites in Brazil, Ethiopia, and India were trained on the use of the SD Biosensor Standard G6PD Test and assessed based on their ability to understand the test workflow and interpret results. The assessment was done through a questionnaire, designed to assess product usability against key technical product specifications and fulfill regulatory evidence requirements. Any participant who obtained 85% or above correct responses to the questionnaire was considered to adequately comprehend how to use and interpret the test. RESULTS: Forty-five participants, including malaria microscopists, laboratory staff, nurses, and community health workers took part in the study. Seventy-eight percent of all participants in the study (35/45) obtained passing scores on the assessment with minimal training. Responses to the multiple-choice questions indicate that most participants understood well the test intended use, safety claims, and warnings. The greatest source of error regarding the test was around the correct operating temperature. Most test results were also read and interpreted correctly, with the haemoglobin measurement being a more problematic output to interpret than the G6PD measurement. CONCLUSIONS: These data results show how a standardized tool can be used to assess a user's ability to run a point-of-care diagnostic and interpret results. When applied to the SD Biosensor Standard G6PD Test, this tool demonstrates that a range of users across multiple contexts can use the test and suggests improvements to the test instructions and training that can improve product usability, increase user comprehension, and ultimately contribute to more widespread effective use of point-of-care G6PD tests. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04033640.

Is poor quality sleep present in older adults with worse social and health status? / Se presenta sueño de mala calidad en adultos mayores con peor nivel social y de salud? / Sono de má qualidade está presente em idosos com pior nível social e de saúde?

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship among sleep and sociodemographic aspects, health, frailty, performance in activities of daily living, cognitive performance and depressive symptoms of older residents in the community. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 81 older adults residents in the area covered by a Family Health Unit in the city of São Carlos (SP), Brazil. Data collection occurred in 2019, through the application of the following instruments: questionnaire for socioeconomic and health characterization of the older adult, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Frailty Phenotype proposed by Linda Fried, Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index and Lawton Scale. Participants were divided into comparative groups according to sleep quality scores. Fisher's exact and Pearson's χ2 were used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: 50.6% of the older adults had poor quality sleep (n=41), followed by 33.3% of older adults with good quality sleep (n=27) and 16.1% had sleep disorders (n=13). There was a relationship between sleep quality and sex (p=0.008), work status (p=0.001), self-assessment of health (p=0.013), falls (p=0.034), pain (p=0.012), frailty level (p=0.026) and the slow gait criterion (p<0.001). Conclusion: there was a higher prevalence of poor quality sleep and sleep disorders in older patients, who do not work outside the home, who evaluated their health as regular or poor, who suffered falls in the last year and who complained of pain, frailty and slow gait.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre sueño y aspectos sociodemográficos, salud, fragilidad, desempeño en actividades de la vida diaria, desempeño cognitivo y síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores residentes en comunidad. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 81 adultos mayores residentes en el área de cobertura de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en la ciudad de São Carlos (SP), Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en 2019, mediante la aplicación de los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario para la caracterización socioeconómica y de salud del adulto mayor, Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, Fenotipo de Fragilidad propuesto por Linda Fried, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, Escala de Depresión Geriatríca, Índice de Katz y Escala de Lawton. Los participantes se dividieron en grupos comparativos según las puntuaciones de calidad del sueño. Se utilizaron la exacta de Fisher y la χ2 de Pearson. Se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: el 50,6% de los adultos mayores tenía mala calidad del sueño (n=41), seguido por el 33,3% de los ancianos con buena calidad de sueño (n=27) y el 16,1% con trastornos del sueño (n=13). Hubo relación entre la calidad del sueño y el género (p=0,008), situación laboral (p=0,001), salud autoevaluada (p=0,013), caída (p=0,034), dolor (p=0,012), nivel de fragilidad (p=0,026) y el criterio de lentitud de la marcha (p <0,001). Conclusión: hubo una mayor prevalencia de sueño de mala calidad y trastornos del sueño en mujeresmayores, que no trabajan fuera del hogar, que calificaron su salud como regular o mala, que sufrieron caídas en el último año, que se quejaron de dolor, frágil y lentitud de la marcha.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre sono e aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, fragilidade, desempenho em atividades de vida diária, desempenho cognitivo e sintomas depressivos de idosos residentes na comunidade. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 81 idosos residentes na área de abrangência de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de São Carlos (SP), Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2019, mediante a aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: questionário para caracterização socioeconômica e de saúde do idoso, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, Fenótipo de Fragilidade proposto por Linda Fried, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Índice de Katz e Escala de Lawton. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos comparativos segundo os escores de qualidade do sono. Foram utilizados Exato de Fisher e χ2 de Pearson. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 50,6% dos idosos apresentaram sono de má qualidade (n=41), seguidos de 33,3% de idosos com sono de boa qualidade (n=27) e 16,1% com distúrbios do sono (n=13). Houve relação entre qualidade do sono e sexo (p=0,008), situação laboral (p=0,001), autoavaliação de saúde (p=0,013), queda (p=0,034), dor (p=0,012), nível de fragilidade (p=0,026) e o critério lentidão da marcha (p<0,001). Conclusão: houve maior prevalência de sono de má qualidade e de distúrbios do sono em mulheres idosas, que não trabalham fora de casa, que avaliaram a sua saúde como regular ou ruim, que sofreram quedas no último ano, que se queixaram de dor, frágeis e com lentidão da marcha.

Content and layout development and validation of a vocal health guide for older adults / Construção e validação de conteúdo e aparência de um guia de saúde vocal para a pessoa idosa

ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop and validate the content and layout of an educational guide on promoting vocal health of older adults. Methods: a methodological study, conducted in two stages: 1 - Development of the guide as an educative technology; 2 - Qualification of the educative material with validation of the guide's content, layout and suitability by 13 judges (speech-language-hearing pathologists) and legitimization of the educative material by the target population, 9 older adults. The validation of the guide by the judges and older adults was based on the content validity index. Results: the aspects of objectivity, structure, presentation and relevance of the content were considered pertinent by the judges with an approximate score average of 0.92. However, some words were substituted or removed to bring more clarity to the reader, without loss to the overall message, in addition to the suggestions that were accepted for the final version. The older adults returned a positive assessment. Conclusion: the educative guide was validated regarding the aspects of content, layout and suitability for the vocal health promotion of older adults. Their knowledge of voice health is expected to promote the quality of life and benefit active and healthy aging.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um guia educativo sobre a promoção da saúde vocal para a pessoa idosa. Métodos: estudo do tipo metodológico, desenvolvido em duas etapas: 1- elaboração da tecnologia educativa, com a construção do guia; 2- qualificação do material educativo com a validação do conteúdo, aparência e adequabilidade do guia por meio de 13 juízes (fonoaudiólogos) e legitimação do material educativo pelo público-alvo, 9 idosos. A validação do guia por parte dos juízes e dos idosos deu-se pelo índice de validade de conteúdo. Resultados: os aspectos da objetividade, estrutura, apresentação e relevância do conteúdo foram considerados pertinentes pelos juízes com média aproximada de 0,92. Contudo, houveram substituições e retiradas de palavras, com o intuito de trazer mais clareza ao leitor, sem prejudicar a mensagem final, além das sugestões que foram acatadas para versão final. As pessoas idosas consideraram a avaliação positiva. Conclusão: o guia educativo foi validado quanto aos aspectos de conteúdo, aparência e adequabilidade para a promoção de saúde vocal do idoso. Espera-se que o conhecimento sobre a saúde da voz promova qualidade de vida e beneficie o envelhecimento ativo e saudável.

Profile of patients attended by the speech therapists of the home care service / Perfil dos usuários atendidos pela fonoaudiologia do serviço de atenção domiciliar

ABSTRACT Objective: to ascertain the profile of home care service (HCS) users with speech and language complaints in João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB). Methods: a descriptive and quantitative study using an indirect documentation technique based on an analysis of primary source documents, characterized as a documentary study, conducted at a HCS, in João Pessoa, PB, that stores user information in the form of medical records. All patient records included by the HCS from June 2012 to June 2016 were analyzed. After the eligibility criteria were applied, the sample consisted of 114 medical records. The collected data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to generate descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS (version 21.0). Results: most patients were males (59.6%), elderly (62.3%), had been diagnosed with a stroke (57.9%),had histories of dysphagia (76.3%), speech problems (58.8%), swallowing disorders (80.7%), and abnormal chewing (77.2%). Dysphagia is often associated with stroke, predominantly among males and the elderly. Conclusion difficulty in swallowing, or dysphagia, is often associated with stroke, predominantly in the presence of the sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with men and the elderly.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar o perfil dos usuários com queixas fonoaudiológicas do serviço de atenção domiciliar do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, natureza quantitativa, mediante técnica de documentação indireta a partir da análise de documentos de fontes primárias, sendo caracterizado, portanto, como estudo documental. A pesquisa foi realizada junto ao serviço de atenção domiciliar (SAD) do município de João Pessoa/PB, que dispõe de informações dos usuários armazenadas em forma de prontuários. Todos os prontuários dos pacientes atendidos pelo SAD no período de junho de 2012 a junho de 2016 foram analisados, e após os critérios de elegibilidade, amostra ficou constituída por 114 prontuários. Os dados coletados foram inseridos em uma planilha do Microsoft Excel para realização de estatística descritiva no Software IBM SPSS (versão 21.0). Resultados: verificou-se que a maioria dos pacientes atendidos foi do sexo masculino (59,6%), idosos (62,3%) e diagnosticados com acidente vascular encefálico (57,9%). Além disso, apresentaram histórico de disfagia (76,3%), problemas de fala (58,8%), deglutição alterada (80,7%) e mastigação alterada (77,2%). A disfagia está frequentemente associada aos AVE's apresentando predomínio de indivíduos do sexo masculino e idosos. Conclusão: concluiu-se que a alteração de dificuldade de deglutição, ou seja, a disfagia está frequentemente associada aos AVE's apresentando o predomínio das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas de homens e idosos.

Oficina de expressividade vocal para pessoas idosas / Voice expressive workshop for the elderly

A voz, nada mais é do que a necessidade de se comunicar e, quando esta encontra-se comprometida passa a interferir nas relações sociais, no quadro emocional e interação com outros sujeitos. Assim, sabendo-se da realidade do que seja uma pessoa idosa isolada e o quanto o uso da expressividade vocal pode torná-la mais ativa, pretende-se através das oficinas de desenvolvimento expressividade vocal promover um aumento da intensidade e projeção vocal e a melhoria na qualidade e ressonância vocal, para que a fala se torne mais inteligível com métodos e técnicas precisas, proporcionando uma vitalidade e a melhoria na qualidade vocal

Acolhimento à pessoa idosa nos serviços de saúde: uma revisão integrativa / Elderly care in health services: an integrative review

Conclusão: Faz-se necessário trabalhar no cotidiano dos serviços de saúde o respeito ao acolhimento à pessoa idosa, atentando para as peculiaridades e demandas características dessa população, objetivando uma assistência humanizada, integralizada e compartilhada. Isso pressupõe a horizontalidade na relação profissional de saúde-usuário-família e, consequentemente reflete na qualidade da assistência em todas as esferas de atenção a saúde da pessoa idosa

Distribuição dos Fonoaudiólogos que Atendem ao SUS no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil / Distribution of Speech Therapists Working in the Brazilian Health Care Systemin Paraíba State, Brazil

Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição dos fonoaudiólogos inseridos no SUS no estado da Paraíba, nos anos de 2010 a 2014. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que as unidades de análises foram os municípios do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados dados secundários do Sistema de Informação em Saúde (SIS) do Ministério da Saúde (MS) ­ o DATASUS e analisados os dados referentes ao quinquênio 2010-2014. Os municípios paraibanos foram analisados segundo distribuição dos fonoaudiólogos que atuam no SUS, os tipos de estabelecimentos de saúde e o índice quantidade de fonoaudiólogos por dez mil habitantes. Resultados: Foi observado que 52% dos municípios (116) possuem o fonoaudiólogo na sua rede pública de saúde, entre os anos de 2010 e 2014. Houve um aumento no quantitativo de fonoaudiólogos nos 116 municípios analisados no decorrer dos anos analisados, quando distribuídos por tipo de estabelecimentos de saúde. Há uma distribuição irregular de fonoaudiólogos no estado, havendo maior concentração no primeiro núcleo regional de saúde, seguido do terceiro e segundo. Conclusão: O crescimento na distribuição de fonoaudiólogos que atuam no SUS nos anos de 2010 a 2014 foi significativo. Destaca-se a concentração desse profissional atuando na atenção especializada, como também o aumento no número fonoaudiólogos nos NASF. Contudo, há discrepância quanto a distribuição desse profissional no estado da Paraíba. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the distribution of speech therapists working in the Brazilian Health Care System (SUS) in the state of Paraiba in the years 2010-2014. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study analyzing health care units in the municipalities of the Paraiba State, Brazil. Secondary data from the Health Information System (SIS) of the Ministry of Health (DATASUS) were collected and analyzed based on the five-year period between 2010 and 2014. The municipalities were analyzed according to the(i) distribution of speech therapists who were working in the health care system; (ii)types of health establishments; (iii) and quantity index of speech therapists by ten thousand inhabitants. Results: 52% of the municipalities hadspeech therapists working in their public health system between 2010 and 2014. There was an average increase in speech therapy in 116 municipalities. A disparity in the distribution of speech therapists was observed in Paraíba state, with greater concentration in the first regional health center. Conclusion: The increase in distribution of speech therapists working in the health care system between 2010 and 2014 was significant. These professionals were found to be working in specialized care and in the Family Health Support Nucleus (NASF). The present study further identified a discrepancy in the distribution of speech therapists in Paraíba state. (AU)

Frenectomia labial superior em paciente portador de aparelho ortodôntico: relato de caso clínico / Upper labial frenectomy in patient wearing dental braces: a clinical case report

Introdução: O freio labial hipertrófico pode dificultar a higienização, restringir os movimentos de lábio, possibilitar acúmulo de placa bacteriana e prejudicar a fonética. Pode também gerar insatisfação estética para o paciente, além de poder causar diastema interincisal. Na literatura odontológica ainda existem controvérsias em relação ao diagnóstico, causas, consequências, assim como no tratamento dessa alteração. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o caso clínico de paciente com nove anos de idade, na fase do patinho feio, com freio labial superior hipertrófico associado à diastema interincisal. Relato de caso: houve indicação para remoção cirúrgica do freio labial durante tratamento ortodôntico. A técnica de frenectomia escolhida foi a de Archer, também conhecida como ?duplo pinçamento?. O motivo para a intervenção cirúrgica foi a presença de freio labial superior fibroso, que, caso fosse mantido, não permitiria a estabilidade do caso após o fechamento do espaço interincisivo. Além disso, não havia espaço suficiente para erupção do incisivo lateral superior esquerdo. Considerações finais: Neste caso a eficácia do tratamento pôde ser observada, pois ocorreu fechamento do diastema interincisivo media no, erupção do incisivo lateral permanente e ausência de recidiva.