SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Newborn Infants: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of mothers may increase the risk of complications and adverse birth outcomes among newborn infants born more than 37 weeks' gestation. PURPOSE: The aim of this scoping review is to identify the research gaps in the literature on SARS-CoV-2 positive newborn infants born at more than 37 weeks' gestation in United States (U.S.). DATA SOURCES: A search for relevant articles was conducted using multiple resources including three databases CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science. This scoping review included case reports, case series, cohort, and retrospective studies focusing on newborn infants born more than 37 weeks of gestation with SARS-CoV-2 infection. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 4262 citations were screened, and 12 articles met the eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently screened the articles using a multi-step approach. RESULTS: This review identified the gaps in literature on newborn infants up to one month of age. Few studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 positive newborn infants born more than 37 gestational weeks. This review demonstrates a higher prevalence of community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections among infants following discharge. IMPLICATIONS OF PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: Few U.S. based studies have focused on newborn infants born more than 37 weeks' gestation with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future follow-up studies are essential on these infants especially during the first 30 days of life. Discharge teaching on SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital in reducing community transmission, admissions, and emergency department visits.

Estimation of cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid following the use of different gingival retraction systems in patients requiring fixed partial dentures - An original research.

Gingival retraction is essential to get a dry and debris free field, which enables the impression material to flow into the gingival sulcus and record the area apical to the finish line. Effective gingival retraction without damaging periodontal tissue is extremely important. Objective: To comparatively evaluate the amount of inflammation, as assessed by TNF-α in GCF induced by three different gingival retraction techniques. Methods: Ten patients with a minimum of three teeth that required biomechanical preparation for fixed prostheses and acceptable oral hygiene with no periodontal pathology were included. The patients each received an oral prophylaxis. After a washout period of 10 days patients with gingival index scores of 0 or 1 were included. Measurements of TNF-α was done at baseline, after 30 min, after 7 days and after 28 days using ELISA test kit specific to TNF-α. Results: The sample population for whom Magic Foam cord was used showed a massive reduction in the amount of TNF -α, from 78% at 7 days to 18.6% at 28 days. There was a reduction in the percentage of TNF -α produced in the samples where normal knitted cord was used and for those where Expasyl was used from 95% to 64.2% and from 70% to 48.3% respectively. Conclusion: Maximum amount of inflammatory response was seen with plain knitted gingival retraction cord. This was followed by Expasyl gingival retraction system and the least amount of inflammatory cytokine was recorded with Magic Foam retraction cord.

A mathematical derivation to prove reduced denture retention in v shaped palate.

The impact of oral health on the quality of life of older individuals have significantly increased over the last few decades. Edentulism substantially affect oral and general health and overall quality of life. Complete denture retention is the resistance to displacement of the denture base away from the ridge which is the main source of psychological comfort for the patient. Special retention problems are seen in patients exhibiting highly tapered steep palatal vault. In these cases a metal base or subsequent bench cure reline procedure would be incorporated into the initial treatment plan. In this article, we have derived a mathematical proof for the clinical experience that reduction in the palatal angle, results in lesser denture retention.