ABSTRACT
The mutualistic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is essential for optimal plant nutrition, enabling plants to better withstand biotic and abiotic stressors and enhancing survival, reproduction, and colonization of new environments. Activities, such as soil enrichment or compaction, may decrease the benefits of AM fungi for plants, potentially reducing interactions in urban environments. Here, we examine this prediction by studying how urbanization alters AM interactions with the invasive herb Ruellia nudiflora (Acanthaceae). We collected soil and plants from deep urban sites (DUS; e.g., sidewalks), open urban sites (OUS; parks), and rural sites (RS) to analyse soil nutrient content, plant morphology, AM colonization rates, spore density, richness, and diversity. Contrary to predicted, DUS had the lowest soil nutrient concentration, except for phosphorus, reducing AM colonization. This supports the prediction of reduced AM interactions in urban environments. We also found that potassium affects the AM association. Urban plants had smaller and more compact root systems compared to their rural counterparts, but there were no discernible differences in AM fungi communities between urban and rural environments. Phosphorus enrichment in sidewalks is the main driver of reductionof R. nudiflora-AM fungi interactions in Mérida. More studies are needed to gain a better understanding of how AM fungi contribute to plant colonization in urban environments.
Subject(s)
Mycorrhizae , Soil , Fungi , Environment , Symbiosis , Plants , Phosphorus , Soil Microbiology , Plant Roots/microbiologyABSTRACT
One hundred forty-four steers were group-housed in 24 pens that were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments defined by the proportion of wet distiller grain plus solubles (WDGS; 0, 15, 30, or 45%) and fed for 84 d pre-slaughter. Animal performance was evaluated using the pen as the experimental unit. Whereas for carcass and meat quality characteristics, meat oxidative stability, and the consumer sensory quality of longissimus thoracis muscle one animal from each pen was randomly selected and used as the experimental unit. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area, marbling score or pH, color parameters, proximate composition, sarcomere length, Warner Bratzler shear force, and cooking loss. Feeding WDGS linearly increased total PUFA (P = 0.05), C18:2 n-6 (P = 0.004) proportions, and n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.01) but reduced C16:1 to C18:0 ratio (P < 0.01). Lipid oxidation was greater in beef from steers fed 30% and 45% WDGS (P = 0.05). Dietary WDGS linearly improved (P < 0.05) flavor and overall linking score in the consumer sensory panel.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Zea mays , Cattle , Animals , Animal Feed/analysis , Meat/analysis , Diet/veterinary , Edible Grain/chemistry , Body CompositionABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: A third of hypertensive patients have major depression, a relationship that is associated with a worse prognosis. The objective of the study was to estimate the association between depression and high blood pressure, as well as to establish the possible bidirectionality of the conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. People between 18 and 65 years old with high blood pressure, depression or use of medications for their management were included. To analyze the antecedent, a comorbidity model was performed. A bivariate analysis was performed and then a multivariate logistic regression. The association was estimated using the Chi-square test and the odds ratios that were crude and adjusted to the other variables included in the analysis. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess the goodness of fit. SPSS® v.21 was used as the statistical package. RESULTS: A total of 1,721 people were included in the study. The prevalence of depression in patients with and without hypertension was 17.4 and 12.6%, respectively, with a 43% risk of hypertension in people with depression. In patients with depression, it preceded the diagnosis of hypertension in 64.8% of cases and in hypertensive patients, 22.2% were later diagnosed with depression. The association between high blood pressure and major depression remained significant after adjusting for the other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Depression was found as a risk factor for high blood pressure, with a 2-way risk relationship between depression and high blood pressure.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cohort Studies , Colombia , Depressive Disorder, Major/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumen: La discapacidad motora es un problema a nivel mundial y según el censo 2010 del INEGI, en México, las personas con problemas de movilidad representan el 58.3 % de la población con discapacidad. Para afrontar esta problemática, han surgido dispositivos robóticos para rehabilitación que permiten realizar terapias con precisión, eficiencia, reducción de esfuerzos físicos y la oportunidad de realizarlas en grupo. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos no pueden igualar la movilidad de los miembros a rehabilitar y su adaptación a la antropometría mexicana es limitada. En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un exoesqueleto enfocado a la población adulta mexicana con pérdida parcial de movilidad en el hombro. El objetivo es desarrollar un exoesqueleto capaz de generar los 3 movimientos básicos del hombro (flexión-extensión, abducción-aducción y rotación interna-externa), considerando las medidas antropométricas de la población objetivo. Para el diseño del prototipo se utiliza una adaptación de la metodología de diseño mecatrónico de robots. El diseño propuesto es validado cinemáticamente mediante simulaciones numéricas en Matlab® y en ADAMS™, comprobando el rango de movilidad de cada articulación. Además, se realiza el análisis de elemento finito para cuantificar los esfuerzos y las deformaciones en el exoesqueleto, verificando la selección de materiales para su manufactura.
Abstract: The motor disability is a problem at the global level and according to the census 2010 from INEGI, in Mexico, people with mobility problems represent 58.3 % of the population with disabilities. To face this problem, robotic devices for rehabilitation have emerged which allow to perform therapies with accuracy, efficiency, reduction of physical efforts and the opportunity to perform them in group. However, these devices may not match the mobility of the members to rehabilitate and their adaptation to the mexican anthropometry is limited. In this article, the design of an exoskeleton focused on the Mexican adult population with partial loss of mobility in the shoulder is presented. The objective is to develop an exoskeleton capable of generating the 3 basic movements of the shoulder (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and internal-external rotation) considering the anthropometric measurements of the target population. For the design of the prototype, an adaptation of the mechatronic design methodology for robots is used. The proposed design is validated kinematically through numerical simulations in Matlab® and ADAMS™, the numerical results prove the range of mobility of each exoskeleton joint. Moreover, a finite element analysis is carried out to quantify the stress and strain levels in the exoskeleton, verifying the selection of materials for its manufacture.
ABSTRACT
La apendicitis aguda es la emergencia quirúrgica más común en todo el mundo. En nuestra sala de emergencias, la discriminación inicial para el diagnóstico de la apendicitis se realiza basada únicamente en el examen físico del paciente. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la precisión del examen físico estandarizado para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital General San Juan de Dios Diseño, lugar y partcipantes: todos los pacientes mayores de 12 años prospectvamente evaluados de abril a junio 2015 en el servicio de emergencia,cuyo motvo de consulta fue dolor abdominal y sospecha de apendicits. Se documentó la impresión clínica del examinador en base a la anamnesis y elexamen fsico estandarizado, la histopatología de los pacientes operados y el seguimiento a las 48h y a los 30 días de todos los pacientes.Resultados: se evaluaron 85 pacientes. El 61% de los pacientes fueron clasifcados por el investgador sin cuadro clínico de apendicits aguda. La sensibilidaddel examen fsico estandarizado para el diagnóstco de apendicits es de 75%, la especifcidad de 93%, el valor predictvo positvo de 92%, el valorpredictvo negatvo de 79%. El porcentaje de falsos positvos es de 3% y el porcentaje de falsos negatvos es del 12%.Conclusiones: el examen fsico estandarizado no es lo sufcientemente sensible para hacer el diagnóstco de apendicits aguda, por lo que es necesarioagregar estudios complementarios, así como considerar un período de observación intrahospitalaria antes de dar egreso a los pacientes basados únicamenteen el examen fisico.(AU)
Acute appendicits is the most common surgical emergency visit worldwide. In our emergency department, the inital evaluaton for thediagnosis of appendicits is made based solely on the physical examinaton. The aim of the study is to determine the accuracy of standardized physicalexaminaton for the diagnosis of acute appendicits in the emergency department of San Juan de Dios General Hospital.Design, Setng, and Partcipants: All patents over 12 evaluated from April to June 2015 in the emergency department, whose main complaint wasabdominal pain and suspected appendicits. Clinical diagnosis, histopathology and follow-up at 48h and 30 days for all patents were collected.Results: A total of 85 patents were studied, 61% were negatve for appendicits by clinical diagnosis. Standardized physical examinaton for the diagnosisof appendicits has 75% sensitvity, 93%specifcity, 92%positve predictve value, 79% negatve predictve value. The false positve rate is 3% andfalse negatve rate is 12%.Conclusions: the standardized physical examinaton is not sensitve enough for the diagnosis of acute appendicits. It is necessary to consider addingfurther studies as well as an observaton period before hospital discharge.
Subject(s)
Humans , Appendix/pathology , Appendicitis/diagnosis , Physical Examination/methodsABSTRACT
La pustulosis exantemática aguda generalizada (PEAG) es una enfermedad poco frecuente, de patogenia desconocida, provocada generalmente por fármacos, entre los que se encuentran en primer lugar, los antibióticos del grupo de los betalactámicos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con esta entidad, provocada por amoxicilina-clavulánico con gran extensión de las lesiones.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare disease, with unknown pathogenesis, usually caused by drugs where we can find in the first place, antibiotics that are part of the betalactam group. A case of a patient with this entity, caused by amoxicillin-clavulanic with great extension of the lesions is reported.
ABSTRACT
La pustulosis exantemática aguda generalizada (PEAG) es una enfermedad poco frecuente, de patogenia desconocida, provocada generalmente por fármacos, entre los que se encuentran en primer lugar, los antibióticos del grupo de los betalactámicos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con esta entidad, provocada por amoxicilina-clavulánico con gran extensión de las lesiones.(AU)
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare disease, with unknown pathogenesis, usually caused by drugs where we can find in the first place, antibiotics that are part of the betalactam group. A case of a patient with this entity, caused by amoxicillin-clavulanic with great extension of the lesions is reported.(AU)
ABSTRACT
La pustulosis exantemática aguda generalizada (PEAG) es una enfermedad poco frecuente, de patogenia desconocida, provocada generalmente por fármacos, entre los que se encuentran en primer lugar, los antibióticos del grupo de los betalactámicos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con esta entidad, provocada por amoxicilina-clavulánico con gran extensión de las lesiones.(AU)
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare disease, with unknown pathogenesis, usually caused by drugs where we can find in the first place, antibiotics that are part of the betalactam group. A case of a patient with this entity, caused by amoxicillin-clavulanic with great extension of the lesions is reported.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Although leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease that affects humans on all continents, in both urban and rural areas, it often goes undiagnosed because its clinical manifestations are frequently non-specific. Even when leptospirosis is suspected, confirmation is made difficult by problems in isolating the causative organism in culture and by the low sensitivity of the available serological tests. Following torrential rains and flooding in January-February 2005, an outbreak of leptospirosis was suspected in Guyana, South America. Overall, 108 suspected cases presented at a medical post in the East Coast area of Guyana, and some of these cases are described in detail here. A better understanding of the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of leptospirosis should improve the recognition and appropriate treatment of the disease. Health education could reduce exposure, and physicians and primary healthcare workers could be made more aware of the signs and symptoms of leptospirosis.
Subject(s)
Disasters , Disease Outbreaks , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Abattoirs , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Agriculture , Child , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Female , Guyana/epidemiology , Humans , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Analizar la incidencia, características maternas, obstétricas, complicaciones más frecuentes y determinar la asociación entre desprendimiento prematuro de placenta y factores de riesgo como hipertensión asociada al embarazo. Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 224 casos atendidos desde 1984 hasta 1993 en 38.747 nacimientos. Maternidad del Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. La incidencia fue de 0.57 por ciento, 1 caso por cada 175 partos. Predominó el grupo etáreo de 27 a 32 años (31,25 por ciento). El 62,06 por ciento fueron multíparas; 55,56 por ciento presentaron embarazos menores de 37 semanas. El 92,41 por ciento fue de cesárea y 7,59 por ciento parto espontáneo. En el 49,03 por ciento el grado de desprendimiento fue grave, 29,61 por ciento moderado y 21,36 por ciento leve. Las complicaciones maternas fueron anemia 57,72 por ciento, coagulación intravascular diseminada 17,45 por ciento, shock hemorrrágico 14,19 por ciento, útero couvelaire 8,72 por ciento y 2,01 por ciento falla renal. El bajo peso al nacer representó el 43,56 por ciento. La tasa de mortalidad fetal fue de 506x1000. Hubo 4 muertes maternas. El desprendimiento prematuro de placenta ha presentado un leve incremento en el período de estudio, amerita establecer un programa preventivo y de educación actualizada para el pronóstico y manejo adecuado
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Parturition/classification , Abruptio Placentae/classification , Abruptio Placentae/diagnosis , Abruptio Placentae/prevention & control , Obstetric Labor Complications/diagnosis , Cesarean Section/methods , HypertensionABSTRACT
Cytomegalovirus is the main agent of congenital viral infections. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection of 2 groups of newborns of differing socioeconomic status. Cytomegalovirus was isolated from urine or oropharyngeal secretions in 218 children born in a private clinic and 471 born in a public hospital. Positive viral isolates were confirmed with indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. Infection was detected in 12 children (1.82 percent), 4 coming from the private clinic (1.86 percent) and 8 coming from the public hospital (1.81 percent). Ninety two percent of onfected children were asymptomatic. Urine and oropharingeal secretion samples had the same yield for viral isolation. It is concluded that the incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is similar to that described in developed countries
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus/pathogenicity , Oropharynx/microbiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo revisando todos los records de los pacientes fallecidos en el seervicio de pediatría del Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar desde el 1ro. de enero de 1992 al 31 de diciembre de 1993. Durante estos dos años hubo un total de 2064 egresos, de los cuales 81 fallecieron para una tasa de mortalidad de 3.9//. El 53//de los fallecimientos ocurrieron antes de las 48 horas por lo que la tasa de mortalidad neta fue de 1.8//. Entre un mes y un año de edad ocurrió el 49.4//de los fallecimientos. El 34.6//de los fallecimientos eran desnutridos de 3er. grado, 25.9//padecieron de enfermedad diarreica aguda y deshidratación severa y 12.3//fallecieron de pneumonia. El 87.0//de los fallecidos procedían de areas urbanas marginales
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Hospital Mortality , Infant Mortality , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
La distribución de las poliaminas es universal y su concentración varía de un tejido otro. Su presencia está asociada con los procesos decrecimiento, multiplicación y diferenciación celulares normales. El metabolismo de estas moléculas se ha estudiado en el semen humano, testículos, epidídimo y próstata. Las poliaminas se han asociado con los procesos de capacitación espermática y fertilización. Algunos estudios de inhibición sugieren que las poliminas pueden estar involucradas en la regulación de procesos de posfertilización. Su detección oportuna en orina puede conducir al tratamiento de casos de prostatitis en una etapa curable