Análisis de la crisis política de Brasil del 2013 al 2018: una perspectiva psicosociológica / Analysis of the political crisis in Brazil from 2013 to 2018: a psychosociological perspective / Análise da crise política no Brasil de 2013 a 2018: uma perspectiva psicossociológica

El texto analiza la crisis política que enfrentó Brasil, del 2013 al 2018. Se analiza cómo se vivió la crisis y cómo se articularon en la conciencia de los ciudadanos los diferentes elementos que constituyen esa coyuntura. Se realizó un estudio empírico con 158 universitarios para entender cómo se traduce la lucha ideológica en Brasil en la opinión de las personas sobre los tipos de conflicto político y cómo se reflejan estas representaciones en las percepciones sobre la crisis. Los datos muestran la existencia de una fuerte polarización política y corroboran que la forma en que el individuo se ubica en el espacio político es muy importante para comprender el significado que le dará a la crisis. Finalmente, el estudio muestra la importancia de las representaciones de la estructura social del conflicto como matriz ideológica subyacente al comportamiento político.

This text analyzes the political crisis that Brazil faced, from 2013 to 2018. It analyzes how the crisis was experienced and how different elements that constitute this context were articulated in citizens consciousness. An empirical study was carried out with 158 undergraduate students in order to understand how the ideological struggle in Brazil translates into people's opinion about the types of political conflict and how these representations are reflected in perceptions about the crisis. The data show the existence of a strong political polarization and corroborate that the way in which individuals locate themselves in the political space is very important to understand the meaning that they will give to the crisis. Finally, the study shows the importance of the representations of the social structure of the conflict as an ideological matrix underlying political behavior.

O texto analisa a crise política que o Brasil enfrentou, de 2013 a 2018. Analisa como a crise foi vivida e como os diferentes elementos que compõem essa situação foram articulados na consciência dos cidadãos. Foi realizado um estudo empírico com 158 estudantes universitários para entender como a luta ideológica no Brasil se traduz na opinião das pessoas sobre os tipos de conflito político e como essas representações se refletem nas percepções da crise. Os dados mostram a existência de uma forte polarização política e corroboram que a maneira pela qual o indivíduo está localizado no espaço político é muito importante para entender o significado que dará à crise. Por fim, o estudo mostra a importância das representações da estrutura social do conflito como matriz ideológica subjacente ao comportamento político.

Joint position statement on management of patient with osteoporosis during COVID-19 contingency from the AMMOM, CONAMEGER, FELAEN, FEMECOG, FEMECOT, and ICAAFYD.

Infection by SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) has affected practically all the world. This joint position statement of Latin American Medical Societies provides an updated guide for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporotic patients in the face of possible clinical scenarios posed by the COVID-19 health crisis. BACKGROUND: Infection by SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) has affected practically all the world. Characterized by high contagiousness, significative morbidity, and mortality in a segment of those infected, it has overwhelmed health services and forced to redirect resources to the emergency while impacting the attention of acute non-COVID-19 and many chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to provide an updated guide for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporotic patients in the face of possible clinical scenarios posed by the COVID-19 health crisis. METHODS: A task force, of bone specialists with a wide range of disciplines in the field of osteoporosis and fragility fracture, was convened with the representation of several professional associations, namely, the Mexican Association of Bone and Mineral Metabolism (AMMOM), the National College of Geriatric Medicine (CONAMEGER), the Latin American Federation of Endocrinology (FELAEN), the Mexican Federation of Colleges of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FEMECOG), the Mexican Federation of Colleges of Orthopedics and Traumatology (FEMECOT), and the Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sports of the University of Guadalajara (ICAAFYD). Clinical evidence was collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. After finding the gaps in the available evidence, a consensus opinion of experts was made. The resulting draft was reviewed and modified accordingly, in 4 rounds, by the participants. RESULTS: The task force approved the initial guidance statements, with moderate and high consensus. These were combined, resulting in the final guidance statements on the (1) evaluation of fracture risk; (2) stratification of risk priorities; (3) indications of bone density scans and lab tests; (4) initiation and continuation of pharmacologic therapy; (5) interruptions of therapy; (6) treatment of patients with incident fracture; (7) physical therapy and fall prevention; and (8) nutritional interventions. CONCLUSION: These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care to patients at risk for osteoporosis and fracture, during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a "living document" and future updates are anticipated.

Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries.

Recent interest in protein intake per meal is observed in studies that have reported the protein intake patterns in different countries; however, comparisons of these data are lacking. We aimed to compare protein intake patterns and the percentage of inadequate protein intake (IPI) per day and meal in older adults from different countries. We acquired data of protein intake in older adults from four countries (Mexico, United States of America, Germany, and United Kingdom). We compared protein intake (per day and meal), IPI per day and meal, and the number of meals with an adequate protein content among countries. The IPI per day significantly differed among countries for <0.8 and <1.0 (both p < 0.001), but not for <1.2 g/kg/d (p = 0.135). IPI per meal (<30 g/meal) did not differ among countries at breakfast (p = 0.287) and lunch (p = 0.076) but did differ at dinner (p < 0.001). Conversely, IPI per meal (<0.4 g/kg/meal) significantly differed among countries at breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p < 0.001). The percentage of participants that ate ≥30 g/meal or ≥0.4 g/kg/meal at zero, one, and two or three meals per day significantly differed among countries (all p < 0.05). IPI at breakfast and lunch (<30 g/meal) was a common trait in the analyzed samples and might represent an opportunity for nutritional interventions in older adults in different countries.

The Consumption of Two or Three Meals per Day with Adequate Protein Content Is Associated with Lower Risk of Physical Disability in Mexican Adults Aged 60 Years and Older.

Adequate protein intake per day has been associated with a lower risk of physical disability; however, if adequate protein intake per meal is also associated is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between adequate protein intake per meal and physical disability in daily living activities in Mexican adults aged ≥60 years. We assessed the number of meals per day with an adequate protein content (24 h dietary recall), the presence of physical disability in daily living activities (two validated questionnaires), and their association in 187 participants through logistic regression. Consuming two or three meals per day with ≥30 g each was associated with lower risk of physical disability on Transportation (OR [95% CI]: 0.06 [0.01-0.50], p = 0.01), Shopping (0.05 [0.01-0.40], p = 0.004), Feeding (0.06 [0.01-0.74], p = 0.028), and Transfer (0.09 [0.01-0.98], p = 0.048). On the other hand, consuming two or three meals per day with ≥0.4 g/kg each was associated with lower risk of physical disability on Shopping (0.21 [0.05-0.89], p = 0.034) and Transportation (0.12 [0.03-0.48], p = 0.003). The consumption of two or three meals per day with adequate protein content is associated with lower risk of physical disability in Mexican adults aged 60 years and older.

Inadequate Protein Intake at Specific Meals Is Associated with Higher Risk of Impaired Functionality in Middle to Older Aged Mexican Adults.

PURPOSE: To describe the proportions of inadequate protein intake (IPI) per day and per meal and their association with functionality in middle to older aged Mexican adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, we evaluated the protein intake and functionality of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) of 190 middle to older aged Mexican adults. IPI was considered as any protein intake: <1.2 g/kg/day, <30 g/meal, or <0.4 g/kg/meal. Functionality was organized into three groups: high, middle, and low scores. The first was set as the reference, and the other was considered as impaired functionality. With a multinomial logistic regression, we analyzed the association between IPI per day and per meal with impaired functionality. RESULTS: A high proportion of participants showed IPI per day. The meal with the highest proportion of IPI was dinner, followed by breakfast and lunch for both criteria. IPI at lunch was a significant risk factor for impaired functionality in ADL when assessed with the 30 g/meal criterion (low scores, OR 3.82 (95% CI, 1.15-12.65); middle scores, OR 2.40 [1.03-5.62]). For the 0.4 g/kg/meal criterion, IPI at dinner was a significant risk factor for IADL middle scores only (OR 7.64, [1.27-45.85]). CONCLUSION: IPI per meal is high in middle to older aged Mexican adults, and at specific meals, it is a significant risk factor for impaired functionality in activities of daily living.

Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations to Estimate DXA-Derived Skeletal Muscle Mass in Professional Male Soccer Players.

BACKGROUND: Several anthropometric equations that estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM) have been published, but their applicability and accuracy among athletes are still uncertain. PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of different anthropometric equations that estimate SMM in professional male soccer players, as compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 179 professional male soccer players aged between 18 and 37 years. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, and girths) and a DXA whole body scan were performed the same day for each participant, and SMM was estimated with nine anthropometric equations (Heymsfield, Martin, Doupe, Kerr, Drinkwater, Lee, De Rose, and two equations published by Kuriyan). To determine differences between SMM estimated with anthropometric equations and SMM evaluated with DXA, a Kruskal-Wallis test was performed using Dunn's test as post hoc. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. We calculated the mean difference and 95% limits of agreement for the analyzed equations (Equation - DXA). RESULTS: Only Heymsfield's and Lee's equations showed no significant differences with DXA. Heymsfield's equation had the smallest mean difference (-0.17 kg), but wider limits of agreement with DXA (-6.61 to 6.94 kg). Lee's equation had a small mean difference (1.10 kg) but narrower limits of agreement with DXA (-1.83 to 4.03 kg). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the prediction equation published by Lee et al. showed the best agreement with DXA and is able to estimate SMM accurately in professional male soccer players.

Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations for Estimating Body Fat in Professional Male Soccer Players Compared with DXA.

BACKGROUND: There are several published anthropometric equations to estimate body fat percentage (BF%), and this may prompt uncertainty about their application. PURPOSE: To analyze the accuracy of several anthropometric equations (developed in athletic [AT] and nonathletic [NAT] populations) that estimate BF% comparing them with DXA. METHODS: We evaluated 131 professional male soccer players (body mass: 73.2 ± 8.0 kg; height: 177.5 ± 5.8 cm; DXA BF% [median, 25th-75th percentile]: 14.0, 11.9-16.4%) aged 18 to 37 years. All subjects were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and a whole body DXA scan. BF% was estimated through 14 AT and 17 NAT anthropometric equations and compared with the measured DXA BF%. Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement were calculated for those anthropometric equations without significant differences with DXA. RESULTS: Five AT and seven NAT anthropometric equations did not differ significantly with DXA. From these, Oliver's and Civar's (AT) and Ball's and Wilmore's (NAT) equations showed the highest agreement with DXA. Their 95% limits of agreement ranged from -3.9 to 2.3%, -4.8 to 1.8%, -3.4 to 3.1%, and -3.9 to 3.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Oliver's, Ball's, Civar's, and Wilmore's equations were the best to estimate BF% accurately compared with DXA in professional male soccer players.

Development of early numerical abilities of Spanish-speaking Mexican preschoolers: A new assessment tool.

This article presents a tool for assessing the early numerical abilities of Spanish-speaking Mexican preschoolers. The Numerical Abilities Test, from the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil-Preescolar (ENI-P), evaluates four core abilities of number development: magnitude comparison, counting, subitizing, and basic calculation. We evaluated 307 Spanish-speaking Mexican children aged 2 years 6 months to 4 years 11 months. Appropriate internal consistency and test-retest reliability were demonstrated. We also investigated the effect of age, children's school attendance, maternal education, and sex on children's numerical scores. The results showed that the four subtests captured development across ages. Critically, maternal education had an impact on children's performance in three out of the four subtests, but there was no effect associated with children's school attendance or sex. These results suggest that the Numerical Abilities Test is a reliable instrument for Spanish-speaking preschoolers. We discuss the implications of our outcomes for numerical development.

Field Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Oral Toltrazuril and Iron Combination (Baycox® Iron) in Maintaining Weaning Weight by Preventing Coccidiosis and Anaemia in Neonatal Piglets.

Effectiveness of an oral combination of toltrazuril and iron dextran (Baycox(®) Iron) to maintain weaning weight by preventing coccidiosis caused by Isospora suis and iron-deficiency anaemia in neonatal piglets was investigated on three commercial pig farms with a history of coccidiosis: two in Mexico and one in Brazil. On day (SD) 2 of life, piglets were randomised within litter by bodyweight to treatment or control group. On SD 3 piglets allocated to the control group (CG) each received 1 mL Baycox(®), containing 50 mg/mL toltrazuril orally and commercially available iron (200 mg/piglet) by intramuscular injection. Piglets allocated to the treatment group (TG) each received 1 mL toltrazuril and iron combination orally (Baycox(®) Iron) containing 50 mg/mL toltrazuril and 228 mg iron as iron dextran. All piglets had access to creep feed. 6493 piglets completed the study. Bodyweight at weaning on SD 21 of piglets treated with the oral toltrazuril and iron combination was confirmed to be non-inferior to the control treatment with <1 % difference between group mean body weights. Faecal samples from at least 10 % of litters on SD 14 demonstrated control of coccidiosis. Haemoglobin levels on SD 21 were lower in the oral toltrazuril and iron combination treated piglets compared to control levels but above minimum haemoglobin levels to maintain health. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. This large scale field evaluation clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of a combination of oral toltrazuril and iron (Baycox(®) Iron) in maintaining body weight at weaning compared to conventional treatment. The combination was effective in preventing coccidiosis and anaemia and thus provides a valuable alternative that reduces stressful events in neonatal piglets. There were no product related adverse events.

Biodiesel from waste cooking oil in Mexico City.

The aim of this article is to evaluate the potential use of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil in Mexico City. The study is divided in two main areas: the analysis of a waste cooking oil collection pilot project conducted in food markets of a Mexico City region; and the exhaust emissions performance of biodiesel blends measured in buses of the Mexico City public bus transportation network (RTP). Results from the waste cooking oil collection pilot project show that oil quantities disposed depend upon the type of food served and the operational practices in a cuisine establishment. Food markets' waste cooking oil disposal rate from fresh oil is around 10%, but with a very high standard deviation. Emission tests were conducted using the Ride-Along-Vehicle-Emissions-Measuring System in two different types of buses while travelling a regular route. Results shows that the use of biodiesel blends reduces emissions only for buses that have exhaust gas recirculation systems, as analysed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The potential use in Mexico City of waste cooking oil for biodiesel is estimated to cover 2175 buses using a B10 blend.

Overexpression of MEOX2 and TWIST1 is associated with H3K27me3 levels and determines lung cancer chemoresistance and prognosis.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignant diseases worldwide, with the non-small cell (NSCLC) subtype accounting for the majority of cases. NSCLC is characterized by frequent genomic imbalances and copy number variations (CNVs), but the epigenetic aberrations that are associated with clinical prognosis and therapeutic failure remain not completely identify. In the present study, a total of 55 lung cancer patients were included and we conducted genomic and genetic expression analyses, immunohistochemical protein detection, DNA methylation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to obtain genetic and epigenetic profiles associated to prognosis and chemoresponse of NSCLC patients. Finally, siRNA transfection-mediated genetic silencing and cisplatinum cellular cytotoxicity assays in NSCLC cell lines A-427 and INER-37 were assessed to describe chemoresistance mechanisms involved. Our results identified high frequencies of CNVs (66-51% of cases) in the 7p22.3-p21.1 and 7p15.3-p15.2 cytogenetic regions. However, overexpression of genes, such as MEOX2, HDAC9, TWIST1 and AhR, at 7p21.2-p21.1 locus occurred despite the absence of CNVs and little changes in DNA methylation. In contrast, the promoter sequences of MEOX2 and TWIST1 displayed significantly lower/decrease in the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 and increased in the active histone mark H3K4me3 levels. Finally these results correlate with poor survival in NSCLC patients and cellular chemoresistance to oncologic drugs in NSCLC cell lines in a MEOX2 and TWIST1 overexpression dependent-manner. In conclusion, we report for the first time that MEOX2 participates in chemoresistance irrespective of high CNV, but it is significantly dependent upon H3K27me3 enrichment probably associated with aggressiveness and chemotherapy failure in NSCLC patients, however additional clinical studies must be performed to confirm our findings as new probable clinical markers in NSCLC patients.

Area vs. density: influence of visual variables and cardinality knowledge in early number comparison.

Current research in the number development field has focused in individual differences regarding the acuity of children's approximate number system (ANS). The most common task to evaluate children's acuity is through non-symbolic numerical comparison. Efforts have been made to prevent children from using perceptual cues by controlling the visual properties of the stimuli (e.g., density, contour length, and area); nevertheless, researchers have used these visual controls interchangeably. Studies have also tried to understand the relation between children's cardinality knowledge and their performance in a number comparison task; divergent results may in fact be rooted in the use of different visual controls. The main goal of the present study is to explore how the usage of different visual controls (density, total filled area, and correlated and anti-correlated area) affects children's performance in a number comparison task, and its relationship to children's cardinality knowledge. For that purpose, 77 preschoolers participated in three tasks: (1) counting list elicitation to test whether children could recite the counting list up to ten, (2) give a number to evaluate children's cardinality knowledge, and (3) number comparison to evaluate their ability to compare two quantities. During this last task, children were asked to point at the set with more geometric figures when two sets were displayed on a screen. Children were exposed only to one of the three visual controls. Results showed that overall, children performed above chance in the number comparison task; nonetheless, density was the easiest control, while correlated and anti-correlated area was the most difficult in most cases. Only total filled area was sensitive to discriminate cardinal principal knowers from non-cardinal principal knowers. How this finding helps to explain conflicting evidence from previous research, and how the present outcome relates to children's number word knowledge is discussed.

Digestive enzymatic activity on tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae fed different diets.

Digestive enzymatic activity and growth performance on tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae fed Artemia nauplii (LF), frozen adult Artemia (AB), an artificial diet (AF) with 46% protein and 16% lipids and a starvation group (SG) from first feeding (5 days after hatching-5 DAH) to 34 DAH were studied. All larvae under starvation (SG) died at 15 DAH. By the end of the experimental period, morphological variables (total length, wet weight and specific growth rate) were significant in larvae fed AF compared to LF and AB. All enzymes studied in the experiment were present since the start of exogenous feeding (including pepsin) and the enzymatic activity varied with the diets. Low levels of enzymatic activity were observed until the 29 DAH; however, after this moment, there was a significant increase (eightfold), particularly for the AF treatment. In vitro protein digestibility tests performed with enzymatic extracts showed that artificial diets with 52% protein and 14% lipids were better digested by larvae before 30 DAH, while diets with 45% protein and 11% lipids were better digested after this age. Taking into account the better growth performance, higher enzymatic activity and better protein digestibility obtained, artificial diets can be used since the start of exogenous feeding on tropical gar larvae, as in other lepisosteids.

Participation of K+ channels in the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent components of the relaxant effect of rosuvastatin in rat aortic rings.

Rosuvastatin was tested on rat aortic rings in the presence and absence of K(+) channel blockers, mevalonic acid, and inhibitors of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, or endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor synthesis. The direct vascular effects of rosuvastatin were then evaluated by obtaining dose-response curves. Rosuvastatin relaxed aortic rings with and, to a lesser degree, without endothelium. Under both these conditions this effect was partially inhibited by L-NAME, tetraethylammonium, apamin + charybdotoxin (only administered together), or mevalonic acid. The combination of L-NAME with any of the other 3 treatments completely inhibited the effect of rosuvastatin, but indomethacin, clotrimazol, glibenclamide, charybdotoxin, or apamin alone had no effect. Therefore, the relaxation induced by rosuvastatin, even in the absence of endothelium, is partially related to 2 different mechanisms, one that is isoprenoid dependent and NO mediated and the other that is tied to the opening of Ca( 2+)-dependent K(+) channels of the slow subfamily.

Valores psicossociais e orientação à dominância social: um estudo acerca do preconceito / Psychosocial values and social dominance orientation: a study about prejudice

O objetivo central do presente estudo foi analisar as relações existentes entre o preconceito, através da orientação à dominância social, e os valores psicossociais, a partir de quatro sistemas, o religioso, o materialista, o pós-materialista e o hedonista. Participaram deste estudo 205 estudantes universitários do curso de psicologia da cidade de João Pessoa - PB. Estes responderam à escala de orientação à dominância social, ao questionário de valores psicossociais e a um conjunto de questões sócio-demográficas. Os resultados indicaram relações parciais entre estas variáveis, sendo a orientação à dominância social diretamente associada aos valores materialistas e contrariamente associada aos valores pós-materialistas. As considerações apresentam o preconceito como resultado das construções ideológicas amplamente compartilhadas pelos grupos sociais.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among prejudice and psychosocial values, by means of the orientation of social dominance, from four systems, the religious, the materialist, the post-materialist and, the hedonist. For this particular study, 205 undergraduate Psychology students were chosen from the city of João Pessoa - PB. They answered the social dominance orientation scale, psychosocial value questionnaire, and a set of social-demographic questions. The results presented partial relations among these variables, the social dominance orientation was directly associated with the materialist values and inversely associated with the post-materialistic values. The considerations present prejudice as the consequence of ideological constructions amply shared by social groups.

Valores psicossociais e orientação à dominância social: um estudo acerca do preconceito / Psychosocial values and social dominance orientation: a study about prejudice

O objetivo central do presente estudo foi analisar as relações existentes entre o preconceito, através da orientação à dominância social, e os valores psicossociais, a partir de quatro sistemas, o religioso, o materialista, o pós-materialista e o hedonista. Participaram deste estudo 205 estudantes universitários do curso de psicologia da cidade de João Pessoa - PB. Estes responderam à escala de orientação à dominância social, ao questionário de valores psicossociais e a um conjunto de questões sócio-demográficas. Os resultados indicaram relações parciais entre estas variáveis, sendo a orientação à dominância social diretamente associada aos valores materialistas e contrariamente associada aos valores pós-materialistas. As considerações apresentam o preconceito como resultado das construções ideológicas amplamente compartilhadas pelos grupos sociais.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among prejudice and psychosocial values, by means of the orientation of social dominance, from four systems, the religious, the materialist, the post-materialist and, the hedonist. For this particular study, 205 undergraduate Psychology students were chosen from the city of João Pessoa - PB. They answered the social dominance orientation scale, psychosocial value questionnaire, and a set of social-demographic questions. The results presented partial relations among these variables, the social dominance orientation was directly associated with the materialist values and inversely associated with the post-materialistic values. The considerations present prejudice as the consequence of ideological constructions amply shared by social groups.(AU)

[Long-term follow-up of 413 patients with atrioventricular accessory pathway who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation]. / Seguimiento a largo plazo en 413 pacientes con vía accesoria atrioventricular sometidos a ablación con radiofrecuencia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was shown clinical characteristics and follow-up of patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 1992 to December 1995, 413 patients with AVRT underwent RCA therapy. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty four men (57%) and one hundred seventy nine women (43%) aged 31.3 +/- 16.3 years were studied. 437 single accessory pathways were found; 24 had multiple accessory pathways. Ablation therapy was successful in 381 accessory pathways. During follow-up of 7 years, AVRT recurred in 51 patients (13%) and in 80% this occurred within the first 3 months after the procedure. 56 patients underwent a second RCA therapy with success in 35 patients (83.5); two reoccurred (5.7%); 365 accessory pathways (83.5) remained without evidence of preexcitation AVRT. CONCLUSIONS: During follow-up, these patients with successful ablation therapy remained without symptoms. In patients who underwent a second RCA therapy, atrioventricular reentrant mechanism was always present.

Seguimiento a largo plazo en 413 pacientes con vía accesoria atrioventricular sometidos a ablación con radiofrecuencia

Objetivo: se analizan los resultados clínicos y el seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes que fueron sometidos a ablación endocárdica mediante radiofrecuencia para el tratamiento de la taquicardia paroxística supraventricular por vía accesoria atrioventricular. Material y métodos: se incluyeron 413 pacientes a quienes se les realizó ablación con radiofrecuencia de vías accesorias atrioventricular de abril de 1992 a diciembre de 1995. Resultados: de los 413 pacientes seleccionados, 234 (57%) eran hombres y 179 (43%) eran mujeres, con edad promedio de 31.3 ± 16.3 años (límites 2 a 69 años). Se localizó un total de 437 vías accesorias atrioventriculares, 389 (93)% eran únicas y en 24 enfermos estuvieron presentes dos vías accesorias. La ablación tuvo éxito inmediato en 381 vías atrioventriculares (87%), durante el seguimiento promedio de siete años, se observó recurrencia de 51 vías atrioventriculares (13%), de estas 41 (80%) recurrieron en los primeros tres meses. A cincuenta y seis pacientes se les realizó una segunda sesión de ablación, con éxito de 35 (62.5%) y nueva recurrencia en 2 (5.7%). Son 365 vías accesorias (83.5) que permanecen sin recurrencia de taquicardia o preexcitación. Conclusiones: durante el seguimiento, los efectos de la ablación exitosa con RF se preservan en el tiempo. La taquicardia identificada en recurrencia siempre correspondió al mecanismo de reentrada a través de la vía accesoria.

Objective: the aim of this study was shown clinical characteristics and follow-up of patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) therapy. Material and Methods: from April 1992 to December 1995, 413 patients with AVRT underwent RCA therapy. Results: two hundred thirty four men (57%) and one hundred seventy nine women (43%) aged 31.3 ± 16-3 years were studied. 437 single accessory pathways were found; 24 had multiple accessory pathways. Ablation therapy was successful in 381 accessory pathways. During follow-up of 7 years, AVRT recurred in 51 patients (13%) and in 80% this occurred within the first 3 months after the procedure. 56 patients underwent a second RCA therapy with success in 35 patients (83.5); two reoccurred (5.7%); 365 accessory pathways (83.5) remained without evidence of preexcitation AVRT. Conclusions: during follow-up, these patients with successful ablation therapy remained without symptoms. In patients who underwent a second RCA therapy, atrioventricular reentrant mechanism was always present.

Actividad antibacteriana de la sangre de grado (Croton lechleri) frente al Helicobacter pylori / Antibacterial activity of the blood of degree (Croton Lechleri) opposite to the helicobacter pylori

Actualmente ha sido aceptado el rol patogénico de Helicobacter pylori en la generación de gastritis y úlcera gástrica, así como la relación directa entre la erradicación de la bacteria y la ausencia de complicaciones y posteriores recurrencias. Considerando la actividad anti ulcerosa atribuida a la sangre de grado (Croton lecheri). Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antibacteriana de la sangre de grado frente a la bacteria. Material y métodos: Se trabajó con 41 cepas de Helicobacter pylori de origen clínico y cuatro presentaciones de sangre de grado. En una primera etapa se determinó de manera cualitativa el efecto inhibidor del crecimiento, posteriormente se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CIM) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) de la sangre de grado frente a la bacteria. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la sangre de grado inhibe el crecimiento de Helicobacter pylori en concentraciones elevadas, también se determinó el efecto bactericida del producto concentrado. Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que la actividad cicatrizante de la sangre de grado probada en estudios anteriores y complementada con la actividad antibacteriana determinada en el presente estudio, serían las resposnables de la capacidad curativa de este producto frente a las úlceras gástricas.