Subject(s)
Aortic Valve , Cardiac Catheterization/instrumentation , Endoscopy , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Radiography, Interventional , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Valve/pathology , Fluoroscopy , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Humans , Perfusion , Prosthesis DesignABSTRACT
Percutaneous vascular access options in preclinical models are often smaller than the relevant structures in humans or undersized for early-prototype research devices. Here we describe the surgical approaches and results for surgical vascular access sites in preclinical swine and sheep models. Fourteen adult miniature swine underwent successful 18-French vascular access by means of thoracotomy to the brachiocephalic artery. In addition, 11 swine and 10 sheep underwent successful 22-French vascular access by means of retroperitoneal laparotomy to the abdominal aorta. The relevancy of approach angles and vessel tortuosity should be considered when selecting appropriate preclinical models and techniques. The techniques described are effective for delivery of large-caliber devices in preclinical testing.