[Staff burnout and psychosocial risk factors in a long-stay hospital in Spain]. / Burnout y factores de riesgo psicosocial en el personal de un hospital de larga estancia.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychosocial risks and burnout syndrome in a long-stay hospital in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017, applying the Spanish version of the MBI-HSS and the F-Psico 3.1 questionnaire of Spain's National Institute of Work Safety and Health. The predictive variables were sociodemographic characteristics, modulators, and psychosocial risk factors. The outcome variables were prevalence of burnout and the effects on his subscales. Associations between variables were measured by odds ratio. Burnout was directly associated with psychosocial risks related to workload, psychological demands, participation/supervision, role performance and social support, and consumption of anxiolytics. Meanwhile, protective factors were having children, feeling valued by patients and coworkers, satisfaction at work, optimism, and social support. The associations found on depersonalization were similar but weaker. Low personal fulfillment was directly associated with the psychosocial risks related to length of workweek, limited autonomy and variety/content of work, and role performance and social support. Low personal fulfillment was the subscale with the most modulating and protective sociodemographic variables included marital status, children, night shift, feeling valued by patients and family members, social support, self-efficacy, and optimism. According to our results, there is an association between psychosocial risks and burnout syndrome. Individuals with greater work satisfaction, self-efficacy, and optimism cope better with stress and are less vulnerable to psychosocial risks and burnout.

Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el burnout en un hospital español de media-larga estancia. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2017, aplicando la versión española del MBI-HSS y el cuestionario F-Psico 3.1 del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo. Variables predictoras: características sociodemográficas, moduladoras y factores de riesgo psicosocial. Variables resultado: prevalencia de burnout y afectación de sus subescalas. La asociación entre variables se cuantificó con odds ratio. El cansancio emocional se asoció positivamente a los riesgos psicosociales vinculados a carga de trabajo, demandas psicológicas, participación/supervisión, desempeño de rol, relaciones/apoyo social y al consumo de ansiolíticos; fueron factores protectores los hijos, sentirse valorado por pacientes y compañeros, satisfacción laboral, optimismo y apoyo social. Las asociaciones halladas para la despersonalización fueron similares, pero más débiles. La baja realización personal se asoció positivamente a los riesgos psicosociales vinculados al tiempo trabajado, autonomía, variedad/contenido del trabajo, desempeño de rol y apoyo social; fue la subescala que mostró mayor número de variables sociodemográficas/moduladoras protectoras: estado civil, tener hijos, trabajar de noche, sentirse valorado por pacientes y familiares, ilusión por el trabajo, apoyo social, autoeficacia y optimismo. Según nuestros resultados, existe asociación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el burnout. Los individuos con mayor satisfacción laboral, autoeficacia y optimismo, afrontan mejor el estrés y son menos vulnerables a los riesgos psicosociales y al burnout.

Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre os riscos psicossociais e a síndrome de burnout em um hospital espanhol de meia-longa permanência. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 2017, aplicando a versão espanhola do MBI-HSS e o questionário F-Psico 3.1 do Instituto Nacional de Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho. Variáveis preditoras: características sociodemográficas, moduladoras e fatores de risco psicossocial. Variáveis de resultado: prevalência de burnout e afetação das subfaixas. A associação entre variáveis foi quantificada com odds ratio. A fatiga emocional foi associada positivamente aos riscos psicossociais vinculados a uma carga de trabalho, demandas psicológicas, participação/supervisão, desempenho de funções, relações/apoio social e consumo de ansiolíticos; por outro lado, foram fatores protetores: os filhos, se sentir valorados por pacientes e companheiros de trabalho, satisfação laboral, otimismo e apoio social. As associações encontradas para a despersonalização foram similares, entretanto mais débeis. A baixa realização pessoal foi associada positivamente aos riscos psicossociais vinculados ao tempo trabalhado, autonomia, variedade/conteúdo do trabalho, desempenho de funções e apoio social; foi a subfaixa que mostrou maior número de variáveis sociodemográficas/moduladoras protetoras: estado civil, ter filhos, trabalhar de noite, sentir-se valorizado por pacientes e membros da família, ilusão pelo trabalho, apoio social, auto-eficácia e otimismo. Segundo nossos resultados, existe uma associação entre os riscos psicossociais e a síndrome de burnout. Os indivíduos com maior satisfação laboral, auto-eficácia e otimismo afrontam melhor o stress e são menos vulneráveis aos riscos psicossociais e ao burnout.

Burnout in the staff of a chronic care hospital.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of Burnout in a medium or long-stay hospital, to monitor its evolution and to highlight the importance of cut-off points used to avoid distortions in the interpretation of the results. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies (2013-2016) were carried out, applying the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to the staff of a chronic care hospital (n = 323). Result variables were: Burnout prevalence and a high degree of affectation of the subscales and predictor variables: sociodemographic characteristics and factors that trigger and modulate the syndrome. The association between variables was quantified using odds ratio. RESULTS The participation rate went from 31.5% to 39.3%. The professionals presented a mean level of Burnout in both moments, observing a lower degree of affectation of the depersonalization subscales and personal accomplishment in the 2016 cut-off. The average score of the subscales in 2016 was 21.5 for emotional fatigue, 4.7 for depersonalization and 41.7 for personal fulfillment, compared to the values of emotional fatigue = 21.6, depersonalization = 6.9 and personal fulfillment = 36.3 obtained in 2013. The emotional fatigue score was slightly higher than the mean value of the national studies (19.9), while the rest of the values were similar to the mean values of the studies considered. The prevalence of Burnout and the interpretation of the results varied significantly according to the cut-off points considered. In both studies, sociodemographic variables showed little significance, while social support and interpersonal relationships were associated with the degree of burnout among professionals. CONCLUSIONS Our prevalence of Burnout was similar to that of other studies consulted, although the emotional component is more marked in our environment. The interpretation of the results varied significantly according to the cut-off points applied, due to the cross-cultural differences.

Burnout y factores de riesgo psicosocial en el personal de un hospital de larga estancia / Staff burnout and psychosocial risk factors in a long-stay hospital in Spain / Burnout e fatores de risco psicossocial em funcionários de um hospital de longa permanência

Resumen: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el burnout en un hospital español de media-larga estancia. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2017, aplicando la versión española del MBI-HSS y el cuestionario F-Psico 3.1 del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo. Variables predictoras: características sociodemográficas, moduladoras y factores de riesgo psicosocial. Variables resultado: prevalencia de burnout y afectación de sus subescalas. La asociación entre variables se cuantificó con odds ratio. El cansancio emocional se asoció positivamente a los riesgos psicosociales vinculados a carga de trabajo, demandas psicológicas, participación/supervisión, desempeño de rol, relaciones/apoyo social y al consumo de ansiolíticos; fueron factores protectores los hijos, sentirse valorado por pacientes y compañeros, satisfacción laboral, optimismo y apoyo social. Las asociaciones halladas para la despersonalización fueron similares, pero más débiles. La baja realización personal se asoció positivamente a los riesgos psicosociales vinculados al tiempo trabajado, autonomía, variedad/contenido del trabajo, desempeño de rol y apoyo social; fue la subescala que mostró mayor número de variables sociodemográficas/moduladoras protectoras: estado civil, tener hijos, trabajar de noche, sentirse valorado por pacientes y familiares, ilusión por el trabajo, apoyo social, autoeficacia y optimismo. Según nuestros resultados, existe asociación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el burnout. Los individuos con mayor satisfacción laboral, autoeficacia y optimismo, afrontan mejor el estrés y son menos vulnerables a los riesgos psicosociales y al burnout

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychosocial risks and burnout syndrome in a long-stay hospital in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017, applying the Spanish version of the MBI-HSS and the F-Psico 3.1 questionnaire of Spain's National Institute of Work Safety and Health. The predictive variables were sociodemographic characteristics, modulators, and psychosocial risk factors. The outcome variables were prevalence of burnout and the effects on his subscales. Associations between variables were measured by odds ratio. Burnout was directly associated with psychosocial risks related to workload, psychological demands, participation/supervision, role performance and social support, and consumption of anxiolytics. Meanwhile, protective factors were having children, feeling valued by patients and coworkers, satisfaction at work, optimism, and social support. The associations found on depersonalization were similar but weaker. Low personal fulfillment was directly associated with the psychosocial risks related to length of workweek, limited autonomy and variety/content of work, and role performance and social support. Low personal fulfillment was the subscale with the most modulating and protective sociodemographic variables included marital status, children, night shift, feeling valued by patients and family members, social support, self-efficacy, and optimism. According to our results, there is an association between psychosocial risks and burnout syndrome. Individuals with greater work satisfaction, self-efficacy, and optimism cope better with stress and are less vulnerable to psychosocial risks and burnout.

Resumo: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre os riscos psicossociais e a síndrome de burnout em um hospital espanhol de meia-longa permanência. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 2017, aplicando a versão espanhola do MBI-HSS e o questionário F-Psico 3.1 do Instituto Nacional de Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho. Variáveis preditoras: características sociodemográficas, moduladoras e fatores de risco psicossocial. Variáveis de resultado: prevalência de burnout e afetação das subfaixas. A associação entre variáveis foi quantificada com odds ratio. A fatiga emocional foi associada positivamente aos riscos psicossociais vinculados a uma carga de trabalho, demandas psicológicas, participação/supervisão, desempenho de funções, relações/apoio social e consumo de ansiolíticos; por outro lado, foram fatores protetores: os filhos, se sentir valorados por pacientes e companheiros de trabalho, satisfação laboral, otimismo e apoio social. As associações encontradas para a despersonalização foram similares, entretanto mais débeis. A baixa realização pessoal foi associada positivamente aos riscos psicossociais vinculados ao tempo trabalhado, autonomia, variedade/conteúdo do trabalho, desempenho de funções e apoio social; foi a subfaixa que mostrou maior número de variáveis sociodemográficas/moduladoras protetoras: estado civil, ter filhos, trabalhar de noite, sentir-se valorizado por pacientes e membros da família, ilusão pelo trabalho, apoio social, auto-eficácia e otimismo. Segundo nossos resultados, existe uma associação entre os riscos psicossociais e a síndrome de burnout. Os indivíduos com maior satisfação laboral, auto-eficácia e otimismo afrontam melhor o stress e são menos vulneráveis aos riscos psicossociais e ao burnout.

Burnout in the staff of a chronic care hospital / Burnout en el personal de un hospital de crónicos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of Burnout in a medium or long-stay hospital, to monitor its evolution and to highlight the importance of cut-off points used to avoid distortions in the interpretation of the results. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies (2013-2016) were carried out, applying the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to the staff of a chronic care hospital (n = 323). Result variables were: Burnout prevalence and a high degree of affectation of the subscales and predictor variables: sociodemographic characteristics and factors that trigger and modulate the syndrome. The association between variables was quantified using odds ratio. RESULTS The participation rate went from 31.5% to 39.3%. The professionals presented a mean level of Burnout in both moments, observing a lower degree of affectation of the depersonalization subscales and personal accomplishment in the 2016 cut-off. The average score of the subscales in 2016 was 21.5 for emotional fatigue, 4.7 for depersonalization and 41.7 for personal fulfillment, compared to the values of emotional fatigue = 21.6, depersonalization = 6.9 and personal fulfillment = 36.3 obtained in 2013. The emotional fatigue score was slightly higher than the mean value of the national studies (19.9), while the rest of the values were similar to the mean values of the studies considered. The prevalence of Burnout and the interpretation of the results varied significantly according to the cut-off points considered. In both studies, sociodemographic variables showed little significance, while social support and interpersonal relationships were associated with the degree of burnout among professionals. CONCLUSIONS Our prevalence of Burnout was similar to that of other studies consulted, although the emotional component is more marked in our environment. The interpretation of the results varied significantly according to the cut-off points applied, due to the cross-cultural differences.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Estimar la prevalencia de Burnout en un hospital de media-larga estancia, monitorizar su evolución y evidenciar la importancia de los puntos de corte utilizados para evitar sesgos en la interpretación de los resultados. MÉTODOS Se realizaron dos estudios transversales (2013-2016), aplicando la versión española del cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory al personal de un hospital de crónicos (n = 323). Fueron variables resultado: prevalencia de Burnout y alto grado de afectación de las subescalas y variables predictoras: características sociodemográficas y factores desencadenantes y moduladores del síndrome. La asociación entre variables se cuantificó mediante odds ratio. RESULTADOS El índice de participación pasó del 31,5% al 39,3%. Los profesionales presentaron un nivel medio de Burnout en ambos momentos, observándose menor grado de afectación de las subescalas de despersonalización y realización personal en el corte realizado en 2016. La puntuación media de las subescalas en 2016 fue 21,5 para el cansancio emocional, 4,7 para la despersonalización y 41,7 para la realización personal, frente a los valores de cansancio emocional = 21,6, despersonalización = 6,9 y realización personal = 36,3 obtenidos en 2013. La puntuación de la escala de cansancio emocional fue ligeramente superior al valor promedio de los estudios nacionales (19,9), mientras que el resto de valores fueron similares a los valores promedio de los estudios considerados. La prevalencia de Burnout y la interpretación de los resultados variaron significativamente en función de los puntos de corte considerados. En ambos estudios, las variables sociodemográficas mostraron escasa significación, mientras que el apoyo social y las relaciones interpersonales se asociaron al grado de Burnout de los profesionales. CONCLUSIONES Nuestra prevalencia de Burnout fue similar a la de otros estudios consultados, aunque el componente emocional es más marcado en nuestro medio. La interpretación de los resultados varió significativamente en función de los puntos de corte aplicados, debido a las diferencias transculturales.