ABSTRACT
We studied the effect of radioprotector indralin (B-190) alone or in combination with monizol on BP and HR in rabbits, reduction of blood supply and spleen weight in rats and (CBA×C57Bl/6)F1 hybrids mice, and on blood loss from a wound on tip of the tail in mice. Being an α1-adrenomimetic, indralin caused hypertensive reaction with the development of bradycardia, reduced blood supply and spleen weight, and sharply reduced blood loss from the wound. Monizol as nitrate reduced BP without affecting HR and reduced blood loss from the wound. Monizol administered prior to indralin eliminated radioprotector-induced hypertensive reaction, reduced bradycardia by more than 2 times, and attenuated the effect of indralin on spleen weight and blood loss from the wound by 1.6-1.8 times. Monizol administered after indralin had no effect on shifts in peripheral blood supply caused by the radioprotector.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Nitrates/pharmacology , Phenols/pharmacology , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Spleen/drug effects , Surgical Wound/drug therapy , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Crosses, Genetic , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Combinations , Drug Synergism , Female , Heart Rate/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Organ Size/drug effects , Rabbits , Rats , Spleen/blood supplyABSTRACT
Experiments on nonlinear rats subjected to global transient cerebral ischemia revealed the ability of glutamic acid to improve cerebral circulation. Consequently, the excitatory amino acid can produce adverse (neurotoxic) and positive (anti-ischemic) effects in cerebral ischemia. The cerebrovascular effect of glutamic acid in cerebral ischemia is attenuated on the background action of the MNDA receptor blocker MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg intravenously) and eliminated by bicuculline. When glutamic acid is combined with the non-competitive MNDA receptor antagonist MK-801, neither one nor another drug shows its vasodilator effect. The results are indicative of the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory systems on the level of cerebral vessels and once again confirm our previous conclusion about the decisive role of GABA(A) receptors in brain vessels in the implementation of anti-ischemic activity of endogenous compounds (melatonin) and well-known pharmacological substances (mexidol, afobazole), and new chemical compounds based on GABA-containing lipid derivatives.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Glutamic Acid/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Outbred Strains , Bicuculline/pharmacology , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Carotid Artery, Common/surgery , Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Coronary Occlusion/pathology , Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology , GABA-A Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Male , Neuroprotective Agents/antagonists & inhibitors , Rats , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
It was investigated the effect of two adamantane derivatives, memantine and 5-hydroxyadamantan-2-one (5-HA), in patients with cerebrovascular disorders. In vitro studies showed that 5-HA, unlike memantine, exhibited antiplatelet activity. Experiments showed that memantine reduced cerebral blood flow in the brain cortex of intact rats and those under conditions of transient global ischemia, whereas 5-HA only selectively improved blood flow in ischemic brain and was superior to the reference drug nimodipine. The obtained data indicate the leading role of the GABA-ergic (rather than glutamatergic mechanisms) in implementation of the anti-ischemic cerebrovascular activity.
Subject(s)
Adamantane/pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy , Ischemic Attack, Transient/drug therapy , Memantine/pharmacology , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology , Aged , Animals , Animals, Outbred Strains , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Cerebral Cortex/blood supply , Cerebral Cortex/drug effects , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Epinephrine/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology , Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Male , Middle Aged , Nimodipine/pharmacology , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Rats , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The influence of perspective anti-migraine drug tropoxin on the content of monoamines and related metabolites in Wistar rat brain structures, including frontal cortex (FC), hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens (NA), striatum, and hippocampus, has been studied using HPLC/ED technique. Tropoxin (10 mg/kg) induced a 30% decrease (p < 0.05) in dopamine (DA) level in FC as well as norepinephrine content in NA, while the concentrations of DA metabolites DOPAC and HVA in the hypothalamus were found to increase. The injection of tropoxin in a dose of 20 mg/kg led to an increase in HVA level in hypothalamus as well as seroto- nin metabolite 5-HIAA content in NA. The obtained data provide evidence that tropoxin predominantly influenced the activity of dopaminergic system while the drug effects on the parameters of serotoninergic link seem to be rather mild.
Subject(s)
Aza Compounds/pharmacology , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology , Dopamine/metabolism , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Norepinephrine/metabolism , Animals , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Based on the results of experiments on nonlinear white awake male rats it is established that 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hemisuccinate and mexidol exhibit a pronounced antiarrhythmic (antifibrillatory) activity on the calcium chloride arrhythmia model. The maximum effect was observed for hemisuccinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine. This substaned; unlike mexidol, also showed high activity on the model of aconitine arrhythmia, which is typical of class I antiarrhytmics. Mexidol did not show this activity. Consequently, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hemisuccinate possesses a wider therapeutic spectrum than the well-known antiarrhythmic drugs of class I (lidocaine, procainamide) and is comparable in this respect with class IV drug verapamil.
Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Picolines/pharmacology , Pyridines/pharmacology , Animals , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Calcium Chloride/adverse effects , Calcium Chloride/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Male , RatsABSTRACT
Dynamic changes in serum homeostasis of rats with experimental myocardial infarction evolution using the method of laser correlation spectroscopy were studied. The presence of necrotic myocardial damage was confirmed by electrocardiographic, histological and biochemical methods. Increased contribution of small particles in the acute period of myocardial infarction was detected, which indicates products of catabolism accumulation in serum and changing the level of some proteins. Comparison of subfractional content of sera from rats with varying degrees of extension of myocardial necrosis through the ventricular wall revealed the predominance of particles of low molecular size (up to 10 nm) in animals with transmural infarction and middle-size fraction (50-120 nm) in animals with non-transmural infarction. These results are consistent with the clinical data obtained by this method in patients with Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Subject(s)
Homeostasis , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Animals , Male , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Necrosis , RatsABSTRACT
The cerebroprotective effect of flunarizine was studied using the following methods: hypobaric hypoxia in mice, complete ischemia by decapitation in mice, anoxic hypoxia in mice, hemic hypoxia in rats, incomplete ischemia by bilateral carotid ligation in rats and asphyxic hypoxia in cats. Piracetam, meclofenoxate, nicergoline, naftidrofuryl, cinnarizine and nifedipine were studied as reference drugs. Flunarizine increased the survival time in all survival models. Its effect was most pronounced in complete ischemia model, and considerably higher than that of reference drugs. In asphyxic hypoxia flunarizine increased cortical resistance and shortened cortical recovery. The EEG frequency-amplitude analysis during asphyxic hypoxia showed a significant decrease of the slow-waves amplitudes of delta and theta range, and an increase of the fast-waves amplitudes of beta-2 range, changes indicating protective action.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Flunarizine/therapeutic use , Hypoxia, Brain/drug therapy , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Carotid Arteries/physiology , Cats , Female , Flunarizine/pharmacology , Hypoxia/drug therapy , Hypoxia/mortality , Hypoxia, Brain/mortality , Male , Mice , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The effect of nicergoline on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular resistance, the constriction of cerebral vessels caused reflectorily or by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and on the transport of 5-HT in rat brain synaptosomes was studied using different experimental models. Nicergoline reduced cerebrovascular resistance in the carotid and vertebrobasilar system. The drug decreased carotid blood flow and local cortical CBF, preceded in some experiments by short-lasting CBF increase. Nicergoline almost completely inhibited brain vessels responses in the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems after tibial nerve stimulation. Simultaneously, inhibition of reflectory discharges of the sympathetic nerves was observed. Nicergoline showed an antiserotonin action by antagonizing the 5-HT effect on the cerebral circulation and inhibiting 5-HT-induced constriction of isolated rabbit basilar artery. The inhibition of uptake and enhancement of the release of 5-HT from brain synaptosomes indicates its ability to affect neuronal transmission in serotoninergic neurons. The effects of nicergoline are probably involved in the realization of its antimigraine action.
Subject(s)
Ergolines/pharmacology , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Nicergoline/pharmacology , Animals , Basilar Artery/drug effects , Cats , Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Rabbits , Rats , Serotonin/metabolism , Synaptosomes/drug effects , Synaptosomes/metabolism , Vascular Resistance/drug effectsABSTRACT
The adrenergic control of the cerebral circulation was subjected to pharmacological analysis. The status of the cerebral circulation was assessed using radioisotope, electromagnetic and resistographic methods. EEG, ECG and arterial pressure were recorded. The acid-base equilibrium and oxygen tension were measured in the arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The experiments showed that the sympathetic innervation plays an important role in controlling cerebral circulation and in the development of cerebrovascular disorders. This was indicated by the constriction of intracranial arteries induced by noradrenaline, stimulation of sympathetic nerves, reflex sympathetic activations and the effect of potassium chloride on the centrol nervous system. The pharmacological study demonstrated that constriction of the intracranial vessels is brought about by an activation of the sympatho-adrenal system which is mediated via alpha-adrenoreceptors of cerebral blood vessels.
