Regulating Gambling Use through the Overton Window: From an Addictive Behavior to a Social and Epidemiological Problem.

During the last decade, gambling (online and offline) regulation has become a social and epidemiological problem all around Europe. The aftermaths of this addiction have increased since the so-called "responsible gambling law", in the second decade of the 21st century. The Overton window (OW) strategy is a political theory that describes how the perception of public opinion can be modified so that ideas that are inconceivable for society become accepted over time. The objective of this study is to identify whether an OW has been used to bias the adequacy of the gambling debate, as well as its scientific, legal, and political bases and the main consequences for both the general population and the major risk groups, especially the consequences in social and health contexts. The study was conducted by the application of the historical-logical method as the central axis of analysis and reflection, and the technique of qualitative research content analysis as a procedure in the process of execution of the scientific task, related to a historical trend study of the research object. The main consequences found were: the political acceptance of gambling for economical causes and taxes benefits, the use of popular characters to increase the acceptance of the pattern of behavior, the inclusion of the gambling operators as agents in the risks control, and the absence of intervention until the main consequences have been transformed into an epidemiological problem (with social aftermaths higher than the previously identified related to the gambling problems). Furthermore, the results suggest the need to implement prevention and health promotion strategies and the adoption of specific legal measures that regulate the access and the marketing of gambling operators' activities.

Evaluación del impacto de la estrategia europea de adicciones en el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas español según la sociedad civil / Impact evaluation of European strategy on Spanish National Plan on Drugs and the role of civil society

El Plan de Acción Nacional de Drogas en España 2017-2020 se enmarca en la Estrategia Nacional sobre Adicciones de España 2017-2024 y está influenciado por el Plan Estratégico Europeo, basado en el respeto de la dignidad humana, libertad, democracia, igualdad, solidaridad, Estado de Derecho y derechos humanos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto de la Estrategia Europea sobre drogas 2013-2020 en el Plan de Acción Español sobre drogas, especialmente el papel de las organizaciones de las Organizaciones de Sociedad Civil en dicho impacto, contemplando las fortalezas percibidas y las propuestas de mejora. El estudio se ha realizado con metodología cualitativa. Se utilizó la técnica del grupo focal, formado por un panel de siete expertos trabajadores de organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil. Para ello se llevó a cabo un análisis fundamentado cuyos principales resultados giran en torno a un esquema de seis temas, formados por subtemas y códigos. Los temas seleccionados fueron, en primer lugar, un enfoque general; disponibilidad, accesibilidad y calidad de las intervenciones; reducción de daños; sanciones alternativas; investigación y evaluación y, por último; participación de la sociedad civil. Los participantes refirieron un adecuado diseño del Plan Nacional de Drogas, sin embargo, detectan una desconexión con la práctica en las distintas temáticas. Entre los puntos señalados, la falta de recursos económicos se percibe como el principal escollo en la implementación. En conclusión, la participación de la sociedad civil resulta necesaria para la adecuación e implementación de las políticas públicas. (AU)

La complejidad de la coordinación social y sanitaria en las adicciones y el papel de la enfermera / Complexity of social and healthcare coordination in addictions and the role of the nurse

El presente artículo entronca con conceptos psicosociales básicos y avanzados, tales como apoyo social y prevención, al tiempo que se establece una conexión entre modelos teóricos relativos al ámbito social por un lado, y al de la salud, por otro. Este trabajo se contextualiza en la influencia compartida por la psicología comunitaria y la psicología social de la salud. Partiendo de los antecedentes históricos de los planteamientos actuales, se efectúa un recorrido desde aquellas primeras acciones enfocadas hacia el plano asistencial y enmarcadas en un modelo de reacción ante el problema del consumo de drogas, que evolucionan hasta configurarse en el modelo de red atencional de nuestros días, pasando por la creación del Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas. A continuación se desglosan elementos clave sobre la complejidad del problema: Modelo Multifactorial de Drogodependencias y Adicciones, importancia de la prevención y el apoyo social. Posteriormente, se describe el entramado atencional en sus diferentes niveles y con sus distintos recursos, además de ilustrar con un protocolo de coordinación. Finalmente, se desarrolla el papel de los profesionales de enfermería ante las drogas, con su especial contribución a la coordinación de casos y recursos y las áreas de mejora en este ámbito

The present article discusses the psychosocial impact of basic and advanced concepts, such as social support and prevention, as well as to establish a link between theoretical models related to the social sphere on one side, and the health aspects on the other. This work is based on the context of the influence on health shared by community psychology and social psychology. Starting from the historical background of current approaches, a review is presented of those first actions focused on the care plan and they are framed in a reaction model to the drug problem, which progressed to the current healthcare network model, through the creation of Spanish National Action Plan on Drugs. The complexity of the problem is then broken down into the following key elements: Multifactorial Model of Drugs and Addictions, importance of prevention, and social support. Subsequently, a description is presented on the different levels of the healthcare network, with their different resources. This is also illustrated using a coordination protocol. Finally, it features the nursing approach to drugs, with its contributions, particularly as regards the coordination of resources, and aspects that must be developed for improvement in this area

[Complexity of social and healthcare coordination in addictions and the role of the nurse]. / La complejidad de la coordinación social y sanitaria en las adicciones y el papel de la enfermera.

The present article discusses the psychosocial impact of basic and advanced concepts, such as social support and prevention, as well as to establish a link between theoretical models related to the social sphere on one side, and the health aspects on the other. This work is based on the context of the influence on health shared by community psychology and social psychology. Starting from the historical background of current approaches, a review is presented of those first actions focused on the care plan and they are framed in a reaction model to the drug problem, which progressed to the current healthcare network model, through the creation of Spanish National Action Plan on Drugs. The complexity of the problem is then broken down into the following key elements: Multifactorial Model of Drugs and Addictions, importance of prevention, and social support. Subsequently, a description is presented on the different levels of the healthcare network, with their different resources. This is also illustrated using a coordination protocol. Finally, it features the nursing approach to drugs, with its contributions, particularly as regards the coordination of resources, and aspects that must be developed for improvement in this area.