The quality of residential aged care in the context of the Australian aged care reforms: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: Australia has been undergoing a major aged care reform process since 2012 focused on consumer-oriented home and community-supported care, but little is known about the impact of these reforms on residential aged care delivery. This study aimed to review research about the quality of residential aged care service delivery during the implementation period of these reforms. METHODS: The review followed a five-stage scoping review framework and searched five databases for articles published between 2012 and February 2022 (the 10-year implementation period of the reforms). Initial searches identified 495 articles. Articles were imported to Covidence™ for title, abstract and full-text screening. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles were included in the review. Articles were framed using the micro (residents and families)/meso (staff)/macro (governance, government) continuum in the operation of residential aged care facilities. Most articles focused on workforce perspectives. DISCUSSION: Attention was paid to workforce issues and a limited focus was on consumer experience and expectations. There is a need for an evaluation of the reforms as a vehicle for promoting consumer empowerment. Many contributing factors to quality of care were identified, and there were some quality issues that were contrary to the intended objectives of the reforms. These warrant closer attention.

A Preliminary Exploration of the Impact of Aged Care Reforms on the Governance of Two Australian Residential Care Facilities.

Objectives: Australia's ongoing aged care reforms have re-focused service provisions from a provider-driven policy approach to a consumer-directed care focus and redirected residential care subsidies. This study aimed (i) to identify the experiences and perceptions of people involved in the governance of residential care facilities about their management of changes due to new accreditation requirements and funding mechanisms, and (ii) to describe their strategic responses to aged care reform changes. Methods: A qualitative description design used interviews exploring perspectives of Board Chairs, Board Directors, and Chief Executive Officers of two NSW-based residential care organizations. Thematic analysis was conducted of interview transcripts. Results: Four key themes emerged from the data: (1) Business strategies and challenges under reform conditions including the need for business diversification and new approaches, (2) costs incurred by the reforms such as compliance with accreditation requirements, (3) workforce demands: for example maintaining staffing levels and training needs, and (4) expectations about maintaining quality of care. Discussion: Changes were necessary in business models for facilities to remain sustainable, meet staffing needs, and continue to provide services in a complex, changing fiscal environment. These included generating revenue streams other than government subsidies, better clarity about government support and establishing partnerships.

'I could no longer cope at home': Experiences of clients and families in residential aged care within the context of Australia's aged care reforms.

OBJECTIVES: Since 2012, Australia has been undertaking major aged care reforms, moving from a previously service provider-focussed approach to a more consumer-oriented policy direction. There is limited research examining consumer perspectives of residential care in the reform environment particularly with respect to both clients and their families. This study explores the lived experiences of clients and families in residential aged care facilities amid the reform implementation process. METHODS: Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology, individual interviews were conducted with clients and family members (n = 10) about their expectations and experiences of residential care. Participants were drawn from two not-for-profit aged care providers. RESULTS: Two broad themes emerged: (i) entering residential aged care and related issues, with subthemes including reasons for entering, decision-making processes, choice of provider/facility and impact of entering care facilities; and (ii) expectations and experiences of care delivery, with subthemes including issues of staffing, service provision, communication and awareness of living in or through the reform environment. The discrepancy between the experiences of care delivered and expectations of initial and changing care needs being met was a major concern. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a snapshot of the expectations and experiences of both the client and the family cohorts in residential care under the reform conditions. Adequately addressing the relational and interpersonal elements of care delivery is critical in fulfilling the reforms' consumer-oriented objectives.

Perspectives of operational staff working in residential care and aged care reforms.

Australia is undergoing major aged care reforms, changing from the previous service provider-driven approach to consumer-directed care principles. In residential aged care, this has resulted in a significant reduction in government funding in order to support reform initiatives in home and community-based care. There has been limited research on the impact of structural aspects of the reforms such as the effect of changes in funding focus. Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology, this study explores the impact of the reforms on staff at various levels of operational responsibility in residential aged care. Issues identified by participants centered on the capacity to deliver care in three areas, the impact of funding reduction, challenges in meeting increasingly complex needs of residents and their families, and new requirements for care roles within current limitations. This paper provides an insight into how and why operational issues have informed the findings of the current Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. It identifies areas of support for the aged care workforce that are crucial in fulfilling consumer-focused care delivery.