Subject(s)
Carcinoma in Situ , Papillomavirus Infections , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions , Vulvar Neoplasms , Acetamides , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Female , Human papillomavirus 16 , Humans , Morpholines , Ointments , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/drug therapy , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Pyridines , Vulvar Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The effect of smoking on human papillomavirus (HPV) activity and subsequent dysplasia and neoplasia remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To determine any reported effects of smoking on either HPV activity or HPV-related dysplasia/cancer using retrospective analysis of the literature from 1966 through 1998 via Toxline and PubMed to search for "smoking," "papillomavirus," and "cancer." CONCLUSION: Several recent large studies demonstrated that smoking was associated with a greater incidence of cervical, vulvar, penile, anal, oral, and head and neck cancer in a dose-dependent fashion, while other studies did not show any correlation between smoking and cervical dysplasia after multivariate adjustment. Recent studies have also indicated that smoking may be more closely related to high-grade lesions of the cervix and vulva. These data provide evidence of an association between HPV, smoking, and cancer. Progression of dysplasia likewise seems to be associated with smoking. Several groups have attempted to discern whether the connection between smoking and cervical cancer is from local immunosuppression and/or from direct carcinogenic effects.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/etiology , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Tumor Virus Infections/complications , Anus Neoplasms/etiology , Carcinoma in Situ/etiology , Condylomata Acuminata/etiology , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Male , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Penile Neoplasms/etiology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Vulvar Neoplasms/etiologySubject(s)
Gene Products, tat/genetics , Genes, Viral/genetics , HIV-1/genetics , Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics , Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics , Transcription, Genetic , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/genetics , Humans , Lymphoma , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Cells, Cultured , tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusABSTRACT
Mycobacterium kansasii infections of the skin have been described in 31 previously published cases. The median age of these patients is 43 years, and male patients are more frequently affected than female patients. Most patients (72%) with this infection have some alteration of their immune status, but disseminated infection is relatively uncommon (22%). We present the first reported case of cutaneous M. kansasii infection in a patient with previously diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. The clinical presentation is similar to that expected in lupus profundus. While the duration of treatment is long (18 months), this case demonstrates that rifampin combined with at least 2 other antibiotics can provide excellent results. Clarithromycin has demonstrated encouraging in vitro results against M. kansasii but has not yet been reported for treatment of cutaneous infections.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium kansasii , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology , Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The histopathologic effects of curative doses of radiation therapy on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not been well described in the dermatologic literature. OBJECTIVE: To understand the histopathologic process of cutaneous SCC involution following radiation treatment. METHODS: Hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunoperoxidase stains for keratin were performed on tissue from the site of a primary cutaneous SCC 2 months after completion of fractionated radiation therapy (7000 cGy total) but prior to clinical involution. RESULTS: Histopathological examination of the irradiated SCC revealed dermal keratin pearls and keratinocytic necrosis resembling apoptosis as well as inflammation and foreign body giant cell reaction. Immunoperoxidase staining for keratin revealed cellular remnants of cutaneous SCC without intact keratinocytic nuclei within giant cells. CONCLUSION: Complete clinical resolution of the SCC over the next several weeks without recurrence after 15 months confirmed the histopathologic findings of tumor destruction by primary radiation therapy.
