Associação dos hábitos alimentares e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória com o estado nutricional de escolares / Association of eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness with the nutritional status of students

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há associação independente e combinada dos hábitos alimentares e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória com o estado nutricional de escolares. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, com 171 crianças (86 meninos e 85 meninas) com idade de seis a 12 anos, de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre-RS. Os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados com o Inquérito de Frequência Alimentar. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi avaliada pelo teste de corrida/caminhada de 6 minutos. O índice de massa corporal e aptidão cardiorrespiratória foram avaliados seguindo os protocolos propostos pelo PROESP-BR. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, modelos de regressão linear generalizada e anova de duas vias. Um maior consumo de frutas (β:-1,24; IC:-2,42 -0,06) e um menor consumo de doces (β:-1,56; IC:-2,797 -0,34) estão associados a um menor valor médio de IMC. Ainda, crianças com níveis adequados de APCR apresentaram valores inferiores de índice de massa corporal (β:- 3,11; IC:-3,93 -2,29). Quando avaliados de forma combinada, os hábitos alimentares e aptidão cardiorrespiratória exerceram maior influência sobre os valores de índice de massa corporal. Portanto, hábitos alimentares adequados e níveis satisfatórios de APCR estão associados a um adequado estado nutricional.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify whether there is an independent and combined association of eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness with the nutritional status of schoolchildren. This is a cross-sectional study with 171 children (86 boys and 85 girls) aged six to 12 years, from a public school in Porto Alegre - RS. Eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 6-minute running / walking test. The body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated following the protocols proposed by PROESP-BR. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, generalized linear regression models and two-way anova were used. Higher consumption of fruits (β: -1.24; CI: -2.42 -0.06) and lower consumption of sweets (β: -1.56; CI: -2.797 -0.34) are associated with lower mean BMI value. Still, children with adequate levels of APCR had lower values ​​of body mass index (β: - 3.11; CI: -3.93 -2.29). When evaluated in a combined manner, eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness had a greater influence on body mass index values. Therefore, adequate eating habits and satisfactory levels of CRP are associated with an adequate nutritional status.

Population specificity affects prediction of appendicular lean tissues for diagnosed sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study / La especificidad de la población impacta en la predicción de los tejidos magros apendiculares para la sarcopenia diagnosticada: un estudio transversal

INTRODUCTION: sarcopenia is a disease characterized by reduced musculoskeletal tissue and muscle strength. The estimation of appendicular lean soft tissue by DXA (ALSTDXA) is one of the criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, this method is expensive and not readily avaiable in clinical practice. Anthropometric equations are low-cost and able to accurate predict ALST, but such equations have not been validated for male Brazilian older adults between the ages of 60 to 79 years. To this end, this study sought to validate the existing predictive anthropometric equations for ALST, and to verify its accuracy for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in male Brazilian older adults. METHODS: this cross-sectional study recruited and enrolled 25 male older adults (69.3 ± 5.60 years). ALSTDXA and anthropometric measures were determined. ALST estimations with 13 equations were compared to ALSTDXA. The validity of the equations was established when: p > 0.05 (paired t-test); standard error of the estimate (SEE) < 3.5 kg; and coefficient of determination r² > 0.70. RESULTS: two Indian equations met the criteria (Kulkarini 1: 22.19 ± 3.41 kg; p = 0.134; r² = 0.78; EPE = 1.3 kg. Kulkarini 3: 22.14 ± 3.52 kg; p = 0.135; r² = 0.82; SEE = 1.2 kg). However, these equations presented an average bias (Bland-Altman: 0.54 and 0.48 kg) and 'false negative' classification for the ALST index. Thus, three explanatory equations were developed. The most accurate equation demonstrated a high level of agreement (r2 adj = 0.87) and validity (r²PRESS = 0.83), a low predictive error (SEEPRESS = 1.53 kg), and an adequate ALST classification. CONCLUSION: anthropometric models for predicting ALST are valid alternatives for the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcopenia in older adults; however, population specificity affects predictive validity, with risks of false positive/negative misclassification

INTRODUCCIÓN: la sarcopenia es una enfermedad caracterizada por una reducción del tejido musculoesquelético y la fuerza muscular. Uno de los criterios utilizados para su diagnóstico es la determinación de tejido blando magro apendicular por DXA (TBMADXA), método costoso que no siempre está disponible en la práctica clínica. Las ecuaciones antropométricas suponen un bajo coste y predicen bien el TBMA, pero con una validez desconocida para los varones brasileños de 60 a 79 años. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue validar las ecuaciones antropométricas existentes predictivas del TBMA y verificar su precisión para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia en varones brasileños de edad avanzada. MÉTODOS: participaron en este estudio transversal 25 hombres de edad avanzada (69,3 ± 5,60 años). Se determinaron el TBMADXA y las medidas antropométricas. Las ecuaciones predictivas del TBMA se compararon con el TBMADXA. La validez de las ecuaciones en las comparaciones se confirmó cuando: p > 0,05 (prueba de la "t" pareada); error estándar estimado (EEE) < 3,5 kg; coeficiente de determinación r² > 0,70. RESULTADOS: dos ecuaciones indias cumplieron los criterios (Kulkarini 1: 22,19 ± 3,41 kg; p = 0,134; r² = 0,78; EEE = 1,3 kg. Kulkarini 3: 22,14 ± 3,52 kg; p = 0,135; r² = 0,82; EEE = 1,2 kg). Sin embargo, presentaron sesgo promedio (Bland-Altman: 0,54 y 0,48 kg) y clasificación de 'falso negativo' para el índice de TBMA. Por lo tanto, se crearon tres ecuaciones explicativas. La ecuación más precisa mostró un alto acuerdo (r2 adj = 0,87), uma alta validez (r²PRESS = 0,83), um bajo error predictivo (EEEPRESS = 1,53 kg) y uma clasificación del TBMA adecuada. CONCLUSIÓN: los modelos antropométricos para predecir el TBMA son alternativas válidas para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de la sarcopenia en los ancianos. Pero la especificidad de la población afecta a su validez predictiva, con riesgos de incorrección por clasificación falsa positiva/negativa