ABSTRACT
Several studies have shown an association between psychosocial variables and functional capacity in chronic pain processes such as osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to test a structural equations model that shows the predictive weight of certain variables such as catastrophizing, self-efficacy and kinesiophobia on functional pain and WOMAC subscales scores of pain and physical function of older patients diagnosed with hip and knee osteoarthritis. We also assessed the specific weight of age in terms of the factors. The study was conducted on a sample of 170 patients (142 women and 28 men mean age, 74.44 years range, 50-96 years). The main variables evaluated were WOMAC subscales scores of pain and physical function, self-efficacy, catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. To assess these variables, we used the Spanish validated version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities questionnaire, the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. We tested a structural equations model (IBM SPSS Amos version 22). The results showed the predominant predictive weight (both direct and indirect) of catastrophizing while simultaneously ruling out the relevance of age as a predictor of WOMAC subscales scores of pain and physical function. This study provides data of interest on the explanatory mechanisms that underlie the direct and inverse relationships between the studied psychological variables.
Subject(s)
Osteoarthritis, Hip , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Aged , Catastrophization , Female , Humans , Male , Pain , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of graded activity (GA) or graded exposure (GEXP) for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). METHODS: A literature search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, and PsychINFO) was conducted to identify randomized control trials (RCTs). Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for relevant outcome measures (pain intensity, disability, quality of life, and catastrophizing). RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Only nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. GA was significantly more effective than the control group (CG) for improvements in disability in the short term (three studies: n = 254, SMD = -0.3, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.05, P = 0.02) and long term (two studies: n = 238, SMD = -0.53, 95% CI -0.79 to -0.27, P < 0.0001). GA was significantly less effective than GEXP for the improvement of disability in the short term (two studies: n = 105, SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.003-0.78, P = 0.048). GA was also significantly less effective than GEXP at improving catastrophizing in the short term (two studies: n = 105, SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.09-0.87, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Limited evidence has been found to show that GA significantly reduces disability in the short and long term when compared with the CG in CNSLBP. There is moderate evidence that GEXP more effectively decreases catastrophizing than GA in the short term. No difference was found between GA and other exercise for any variable.
Subject(s)
Chronic Pain/therapy , Low Back Pain/therapy , Pain Management , Humans , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Time , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
AIM. To analyse the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise on migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Electronic databases were used to search the literature for relevant articles. Eligibility criteria were: controlled randomised clinical trials (RCT), conducted on patients with migraine or TTH, in which the therapeutic intervention was based on therapeutic exercise, and the papers had been published in English and Spanish. Two independent reviewers performed the analysis of the methodological quality using the Delphi scale. RESULTS. Ten RCT were selected, seven of which offered good methodological quality. According to all the studies analysed, the intensity and frequency of pain diminished in comparison to the situation prior to establishing therapeutic exercise, and in five studies the effect was higher than in the control group. The qualitative analysis showed strong evidence of the absence of adverse events following the application of therapeutic exercise. Furthermore, strong evidence was also found of the effect of physiotherapeutic treatment, including therapeutic exercise, in lowering the intensity, frequency and duration of pain in patients with TTH. Limited evidence was also found of the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in patients with migraine, although it was not better than the effects derived from other forms of treatment. CONCLUSIONS. Results show that therapeutic exercise is a safe treatment that provides beneficial effects on migraines or TTH. Further RCT are required in the future with appropriate methodological designs to confirm these results.
TITLE: Ejercicio terapeutico como tratamiento de las migrañas y cefaleas tensionales: revision sistematica de ensayos clinicos aleatorizados.Objetivo. Analizar la efectividad que tiene el ejercicio terapeutico sobre las migrañas y las cefaleas de tipo tensional (CTT). Materiales y metodos. La busqueda de articulos se realizo utilizando bases de datos electronicas. Los criterios de inclusion fueron: estudios clinicos aleatorizados (ECA) controlados, realizados en pacientes con migrañas o CTT, donde la intervencion terapeutica se basara en ejercicio terapeutico y publicados en ingles y español. Dos revisores independientes realizaron el analisis de la calidad metodologica utilizando la escala Delphi. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 10 ECA, de los cuales siete presentaron una calidad metodologica buena. Segun todos los estudios analizados, el ejercicio terapeutico disminuyo la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor comparado con la situacion previa, y en cinco estudios el efecto fue mayor que en la comparativa con el grupo control. El analisis cualitativo muestra evidencia fuerte acerca de la ausencia de eventos adversos tras la aplicacion de ejercicio terapeutico. Ademas, se encontro evidencia fuerte acerca del efecto del tratamiento de fisioterapia, incluyendo el ejercicio terapeutico, para disminuir la intensidad, la frecuencia y la duracion del dolor en pacientes con CTT. Se observo evidencia limitada acerca de la efectividad del ejercicio aerobico sobre los pacientes con migraña sin ser superior el efecto al de otros tratamientos. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran que el ejercicio terapeutico es un tratamiento seguro, que presenta efectos beneficiosos sobre las migrañas o las CTT. Es necesario que futuros ECA con diseños metodologicos adecuados confirmen estos resultados.
Subject(s)
Exercise Movement Techniques , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Tension-Type Headache/therapy , Acupuncture Therapy , Adult , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Fructose/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Migraine Disorders/rehabilitation , Neck Muscles/physiopathology , Pain Management/methods , Physical Therapy Modalities , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Relaxation Therapy , Research Design , Tension-Type Headache/drug therapy , Tension-Type Headache/prevention & control , Tension-Type Headache/rehabilitation , Topiramate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objetivo. Analizar la efectividad que tiene el ejercicio terapéutico sobre las migrañas y las cefaleas de tipo tensional (CTT). Materiales y métodos. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó utilizando bases de datos electrónicas. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) controlados, realizados en pacientes con migrañas o CTT, donde la intervención terapéutica se basara en ejercicio terapéutico y publicados en inglés y español. Dos revisores independientes realizaron el análisis de la calidad metodológica utilizando la escala Delphi. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 10 ECA, de los cuales siete presentaron una calidad metodológica buena. Según todos los estudios analizados, el ejercicio terapéutico disminuyó la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor comparado con la situación previa, y en cinco estudios el efecto fue mayor que en la comparativa con el grupo control. El análisis cualitativo muestra evidencia fuerte acerca de la ausencia de eventos adversos tras la aplicación de ejercicio terapéutico. Además, se encontró evidencia fuerte acerca del efecto del tratamiento de fisioterapia, incluyendo el ejercicio terapéutico, para disminuir la intensidad, la frecuencia y la duración del dolor en pacientes con CTT. Se observó evidencia limitada acerca de la efectividad del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los pacientes con migraña sin ser superior el efecto al de otros tratamientos. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran que el ejercicio terapéutico es un tratamiento seguro, que presenta efectos beneficiosos sobre las migrañas o las CTT. Es necesario que futuros ECA con diseños metodológicos adecuados confirmen estos resultados (AU)
Aim. To analyse the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise on migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH). Materials and methods. Electronic databases were used to search the literature for relevant articles. Eligibility criteria were: controlled randomised clinical trials (RCT), conducted on patients with migraine or TTH, in which the therapeutic intervention was based on therapeutic exercise, and the papers had been published in English and Spanish. Two independent reviewers performed the analysis of the methodological quality using the Delphi scale. Results. Ten RCT were selected, seven of which offered good methodological quality. According to all the studies analysed, the intensity and frequency of pain diminished in comparison to the situation prior to establishing therapeutic exercise, and in five studies the effect was higher than in the control group. The qualitative analysis showed strong evidence of the absence of adverse events following the application of therapeutic exercise. Furthermore, strong evidence was also found of the effect of physiotherapeutic treatment, including therapeutic exercise, in lowering the intensity, frequency and duration of pain in patients with TTH. Limited evidence was also found of the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in patients with migraine, although it was not better than the effects derived from other forms of treatment. Conclusions. Results show that therapeutic exercise is a safe treatment that provides beneficial effects on migraines or TTH. Further RCT are required in the future with appropriate methodological designs to confirm these results (AU)