Preparation and quality evaluation of total flavonoids microemulsion of "Pueraria lobata-Hovenia dulcis" / 中国中药杂志

The effective components of flavonoids in the "Pueraria lobata-Hovenia dulcis" drug pair have low bioavailability in vivo due to their unstable characteristics. This study used microemulsions with amphoteric carrier properties to solve this problem. The study drew pseudo-ternary phase diagrams through titration compatibility experiments of the oil phase with emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers and screened the prescription composition of blank microemulsions. The study used average particle size and PDI as evaluation indicators, and the central composite design-response surface method(CCD-RSM) was used to optimize the prescription; high-dosage drug-loaded microemulsions were obtained, and their physicochemical properties, appearance, and stability were evaluated. The results showed that when ethyl butyrate was used as the oil phase, polysorbate 80(tween 80) as the surfactant, and anhydrous ethanol as the cosurfactant, the maximum microemulsion area was obtained. When the difference in results was small, K_(m )of 1∶4 was chosen to ensure the safety of the prescription. The prescription composition optimized by the CCD-RSM was ethyl butyrate(16.28%), tween 80(9.59%), and anhydrous ethanol(38.34%). When the dosage reached 3% of the system mass, the total flavonoid microemulsion prepared had a clear and transparent appearance, with average particle size, PDI, and potential of(74.25±1.58)nm, 0.277±0.043, and(-0.08±0.07) mV, respectively. The microemulsion was spherical and evenly distributed under transmission electron microscopy. The centrifugal stability and temperature stability were good, and there was no layering or demulsification phenomenon, which significantly improved the in vitro dissolution of total flavonoids.

Application and problems analysis of traditional Chinese medicine volatile oil preparation technology based on ionic liquids / 中国中药杂志

Ionic liquids(ILs) are salts composed entirely of anions and cations in a liquid state at or near room temperature, which have a variety of good physicochemical properties such as low volatility and high stability. This paper mainly reviewed the research overview of ILs in the application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) volatile oil preparation technology. Firstly, it briefly introduced the application of TCM volatile oil preparation technology and composition classification and physicochemical properties of ILs, and then summarized the application of ILs in the extraction, separation, analysis, and preparation of TCM volatile oil. Finally, the problems and challenges of ILs in the application of TCM volatile oil were explained, and the application of ILs in TCM volatile oil in the future was prospected.

Stability improvement of Chinese medicinal essential oils based on delivery systems and their application in medical field / 中国中药杂志

Essential oils from Chinese medicine are popular in the fields such as medicine, food, and cosmetics because of their unique biological characteristics. However, since essential oils are lipophilic compounds with high volatility, poor stability, and strong irritation, various preparation technologies need to be employed to improve stability, reduce irritation, and increase bioavailability. At present, a variety of preparation technologies have been applied to the encapsulation of essential oils. Various encapsulation strategies are formed because of different delivery systems featured with multiple principles and characteristics and are widely used to improve the stability of essential oils. Essential oils of Chinese medicine are widely used in the medical field, and they are under continuous innovation and development in clinical research, the pharmaceutical industry, medical products, etc. The present study summarized various delivery systems that could improve the stability of essential oils and reviewed the applications of essential oils encapsulated in the delivery systems in the medical field to provide re-ferences for the improvement of stability of essential oils and their safety, efficiency, and wide use in the medical field.

Herbal Textual Research and Modern Research Progress of Succus Bambusae / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Succus Bambusae， regarded as the holy medicine for the treatment of phlegm by traditional Chinese medicine experts， has the functions of clearing heat and resolving phlegm， resuscitating and relieving convulsions. In clinical practice， it is mainly used to treat phlegm-heat cough， phlegm yellow and shortness of breath， stroke with exuberant phlegm and other syndromes. The research of its processing procedure and quality standard is the key issue to realize the process modernization and quality standardization of this traditional medicine resource. On the basis of literature research， this paper conducted the herbal textual research on Succus Bambusae， sorted out its medicinal history， and compared the advantages and disadvantages of its traditional and modern preparation procedure. Based on the historical records， it is pointed out that there are still many problems in the traditional and modern processing procedure of Succus Bambusae， such as low-yield processing procedure and extensive production technology that cannot meet the requirements of large-scale green manufacturing. At present， there are a lot of literature on the comparative study of the origin， variety and processing procedure of Succus Bambusae， but most of them are limited to the chemical components， and lack of in-depth study on its pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism. Meanwhile， the pharmacological effects of Succus Bambusae are mostly limited to antitussive and expectorant， and few other pharmacological effects have been reported. Based on the above analysis， it is suggested that the follow-up research work can be carried out from these five aspects：①Clarifying the original source， enriching and perfecting the medicinal resources. ②Standardizing the processing procedure， establishing relevant quality standards. ③Clarifying the pharmacological mechanism， strengthening the basic research on the pharmacological effect and clinical application. ④Inheriting ancient processing， researching and developing special preparation equipment and standardizing production operation rules. ⑤Comprehensive utilization of the by-products in preparation process.

Study on mixing uniformity of powder based on raw material powder of Qingrun Pill design technology and near infrared spectroscopy / 中草药

Objective: Using Qingrun Pill as model drug, the raw material powder of Qingrun Pill with uniform mixture was prepared. The rapid analysis method was used to evaluate the mixing uniformity of Qingrun Pill raw materials. Methods: Based on the particle design technology, the raw material powder of Qingrun Pill was prepared, the core-shell particles were established with the particle size as the index, and the mixing uniformity of the raw material powder of Qingrun Pill was analyzed with the standard deviation of moving block as the index by near infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it was verified by HPLC. Results: According to the particle design technology, the raw material powder of Qingrun Pill was designed. Shell particles: Rheum officinale and other materials; Nuclear particles: Scutellaria baicalensis and other materials; The particle size (d0.9) of shell particles at ultrafine grinding for 12 min was about 5 μm, and that of nuclear particles at ultrafine grinding for 6 min was about 130 μm. The ratio of nuclear particles to shell particles was more than 10:1, which met the requirements of particle design. Near-infrared spectroscopy showed that shell particles were ultrafine comminuted for 12 min, and then the nuclear particles were mixed evenly for 6 min. Conclusion: In this study, Qingrun Pill powder was prepared based on particle design technology, and the mixing uniformity of powder was evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy. This method is simple and feasible, real-time, and without destroying the sample.

Research progress of dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers in separation of natural products / 中国中药杂志

The dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers not only has such characteristics of normal imprinted polymers as rapid identification, easy preparation, stable structure and multiple reuse, but also can imprint the compounds in natural products that are not suitable as direct template. Therefore, it has drawn more and more attention in the field of the study of natural products. This paper summarizes the methods for the selection of dummy template molecules by investigating the relevant literatures in the past ten years, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of dummy template molecules in the practical application, and based on the types of natural products active ingredients, this paper is the first to review of the latest progress in extraction and separation of dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers. We believed that this paper could provide references for better applications of the dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers to extract and separate natural products.

Analysis of adverse events of transport in critical patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To discuss how to avoid the occurrence of adverse events and provides basis for improving the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) transport safety management to formulate the corresponding preventive measures through analyzing the causes and characteristics of adverse events in transport of ECMO.Methods:By using a self-designed ECMO transport observation table to collect data, with a retrospective study of adverse events in patients with ECMO transport in ECMO center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2013 to June 2017, carrying out classification and analysis according to the causes of adverse events and the potential risks of the patients, thus put forward the feasible preventive measures.Results:There were 53 cases of ECMO transport in study period, with 18 cases (33.96%) of adverse events, among which the incidence of adverse events in inner-hospital transport was 34.21% (13/38) and that in inter-hospital transport was 33.33% (5/15). There was no patient died in ECMO transport. In the adverse events of ECMO transport, the main causes were related to transport staff, transport equipment and patient, which accounting for 1/3 of each. Among them, the most prominent was 4 cases (22.22%) of equipment lacking and 3 cases of battery and power supply (16.67%). In classification according to the risk degree of patients, 6 cases (33.33%) of third grade risk were found.Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to carry out ECMO transport in inner-hospital transport and inter-hospital transport based on ECMO transport team and transport process of this hospital. However the unexpected events of high risk or crisis of life is inevitable in ECMO transport. Through standardized training for ECMO team, with full assessment before transport, by the use of ECMO checklist and strict implementation of various transport processes and specifications, the incidence of adverse events in ECMO transport may be reduced.

Discussion on research thought of dry granulation of traditional Chinese medicine: research progress at home and abroad based on dry granulation technology / 中国中药杂志

Dry granulation technology is a great innovation in granulation technology,which saves many intermediate links and reduces many intermediate costs. It is closely related to the characteristics of materials,dry granulation equipment and process. Dry granulation technology is a systematic engineering science covering many technical fields. The process of dry granulation involves complex mathematical model mechanisms of temperature field,pressure field and velocity field,closely related to the characteristics of materials and drying equipment. However,due to the late start of research on dry granulation technology of traditional Chinese medicine,basic research is still weak. The research on dry granulation technology has achieved great results in the fields of food,chemical industry,agriculture and forestry,showing great reference significance. The advantage of dry granulation of traditional Chinese medicine is that it can be directly granulated by adding an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials in the extract powder of traditional Chinese medicine,without the need of wetting,mixing,drying and other processes. The process is simple and can effectively guarantee the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The granules obtained by the dry granulation technique are important intermediates for preparing the solid preparations of traditional Chinese medicines,which would directly affect the subsequent molding process and the quality of the preparation products. Therefore,based on the characteristics of dry granulation method in traditional Chinese medicine and by referring to the advanced research results of dry granulation technology in other fields,we would discuss the research ideas of dry granulation in traditional Chinese medicine in terms of the mechanism of dry granulation equipment,technology,on-line detection technology and mathematical model of dry granulation process,hoping to provide reference for the research of dry granulation method in traditional Chinese medicine.

The value of injection pressure measurement during real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography for assessing fallopian tube patency / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between injection peak pressure and tubal patency during real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(RT 3D-HyCoSy).Methods One hundred and seven patients who were scheduled to undergo transvaginal RT 3D-HyCoSy with SonoVue contrast agent were included in the study.They were injected with contrast agent by an YLD-YZ-800 auto contrast agent injection device. The patients were divided into tubal patency included bilateral patency group,one side patency group and bilateral positive group according to imaging results. During the examination,the injection peak pressure was recorded to analyze whether there were significant differences among the three groups.Results The contrast agent injection peak pressures of bilateral patency group,one side patency group and bilateral positive group were (34.58 ± 8.25)kPa,(44.85 ± 10.05)kPa and (54.26 ± 11.65)kPa,respectively. The differences of injection pressure among the three groups were statistically significant ( F = 38.732; P = 0.000,0.000,0.033). The peak pressure was negatively correlated with tubal patency ( r = -0.653,P =0.000).Conclusions Contrast agent injection peak pressure is associated with tubal patency in RT 3D-HyCoSy,and can be quantitatively measured to help for assessing fallopian tube patency.

Molecular imprinting technology and its application in terpenoids / 中国中药杂志

Molecular imprinting technology is widely used in the separation and analysis of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols, due to its high selectivity and specific recognition and so on. However, no much of attention has been paid to the terpenoids. This paper is aimed to not only review the effects of common synthetic elements such as functional monomers, cross-linking agents and porogens on the polymer properties, but also highlight the application of terpene molecular imprinting in solid phase extraction, sensor, membrane separation and chromatographic separation by means of statistical analysis of literature. Furthermore, the shortcomings and improvement directions are discussed.We believed that this paper could provide references for better applications of molecular imprinting techniques to the analysis of terpenoid compounds.

Current situations and problem analysis of influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine tablets on forming quality / 中国中药杂志

The compressibility of tablets is the essential operating unit during the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine tablets, as well as a complicated process. Therefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively study the influencing factors on the formation process. This paper aimed to review the evaluation methods for the tablet forming quality and highlight the effects of material powder properties, excipients and preparation technology on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets on the basis of relevant literatures. Furthermore, the common problems in tablet forming process are also analyzed to provide useful references for the development of tablet forming quality of traditional Chinese medicines.

Regulation of STAT3 signaling pathway by PTEN on proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of PTEN on proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and its mechanism. Methods:Stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts by high glucose, the levels of PTEN in cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell transfection of PTEN over expression vector,the levels of PTEN in transfected cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. High glucose stimulated transfection of PTEN overexpression vector into cardiac fibroblasts,cell proliferation was detected by MTT,the levels of p-STAT3 and STAT3 in cells were detected by Western blot,STAT3 pathway blocker AG490 was added into the cell culture medium to treat the cells, cell proliferation was detected by MTT, the levels of p-STAT3 and STAT3 in cells were detected by Western blot. Results:The levels of PTEN mRNA and protein in cardiac fibroblasts after high glucose treatment were significantly lower than those in normal culture ( P＜0. 05 ) . The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in transfected PTEN overexpressing cells was significantly higher than that in non transfected cells( P＜0. 05) . The cell proliferation activity and p-STAT3 level were significantly higher than those of normal cells after high glucose(P＜0. 05). The expression of PTEN was increased after high glucose induction,the cell proliferation activity and p-STAT3 level were decreased, the proliferation of the cells treated with AG490 decreased further. Conclusion:PTEN slows down the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by high glucose by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway.

Status, problems and warranty strategy of quality uniformity for traditional Chinese medicine preparations / 中国中药杂志

The quality uniformity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation is the base for guaranteeing the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication. At present, the quality of TCM preparation is uneven. At present, the same TCM preparation in different manufacturers, TCM preparations in the same manufacturer, and even different batches of a same TCM preparation in the same manufacturer have great differences in quality, which can not reach stability and uniformity. This paper would discuss the possible factors that influence the uniformity of quality in the whole process of pharmacy by means of consulting relevant literature on quality control of Chinese herbal preparations and analyzing the present situation and problems of the quality of TCM preparation. In addition, some strategies such as standardization of cultivation of TCM, processing standardization, standardization of pharmaceutical equipment, mixed batch feeding, and Quality by Design would be also put forward to provide references for the quality uniformity of TCM preparation.

Lipophilic constituents from the stem bark of Toona sinensis / 中国药科大学学报

@#Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stem bark of Toona sinensis by silica gel, ODS Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and preparation TLC methods. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical properties as betulinic acid(1), stigmastane-3, 6-dione(2), stigmast-4-en-3-one(3), 7β-hydroxysitosterol(4), 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(5), stigmast-4-ene-3β, 6β-diol(6), ergosterol peroxide(7), 7-methoxy-2-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-carboxylate(8), canthin-6-one(9), and α-acetylamino-phenylpropyl α-benzoylamino phenylpropionate(10). All compounds were isolated from T. sinensis for the first time.

[Bilateral ureteral polyps in children: a case report].

Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter is a benign tumor of mesodermal origin that rarely occurs in children. The most common presenting symptoms are hematuria and flank pain by obstruction of the urinary tract. The etiology of this tumor is still not clear. It occurs more frequently in boys and often arises in the proximal ureter and the ureteropelvic junction. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult. We present here the case of a 11-year-old boy who had fibroepithelial polyps as the cause of the left flank ureteropelvic junction obstruction at pyeloplasty, and had the same condition on the right flank 5 years ago. We used polypectomy and pyeloureterostomy to treat the boy. No major intraoperative or preoperative complications developed.

[Glycometabolism of patients with depression at first episode].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate glycometabolism of patients with depression at first episode. METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 100 patients with depression at first episode and 50 healthy subjects; the levels of fast blood plasma insulin were also measured. RESULT: There were no statistically significant differences in fast blood plasma insulin levels and postprandial blood glucose levels at 0 h, 1 h and 3 h (P>0.05); the fasting blood glucose (FBS), postprandial blood glucose levels in 2 h and area under OGTT curve of depression patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. The frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in depression patients was higher than that in controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Depression patients at the first episode are abnormal in glycometabolism, which may have clinical implication.

Evaluation of nasal absorption for geniposide solution / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulation of geniposide nasal absorption.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>We used rat in situ nasal recirculation method as experimental model. The effects of perfusion volume, flow rate, perfusion concentration on nasal absorption of geniposide were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Geniposide was stable in rats nasal lavage solution. At the perfusion volume 5 mL and flow rate 2.5 mL x min(-1), the absorption rate of geniposide remains constant in a dose-independent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mechanism of geniposide nasal absorption is passive diffusion following first order kinetics and the absorption rate constant is 4.20 x 10(-3).</p>

Identification of natural coumarin compounds that rescue defective DeltaF508-CFTR chloride channel gating.

1. Deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (DeltaF508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis (CF). Effective pharmacological therapy of CF caused by the DeltaF508-CFTR mutation requires the rescue of both intracellular processing and channel gating defects. 2. We identified a class of natural coumarin compounds that can correct the defective DeltaF508-CFTR chloride channel gating by screening a collection of 386 single natural compounds from Chinese medicinal herbs. Screening was performed with an iodide influx assay in Fischer rat thyroid epithelial cells coexpressing DeltaF508-CFTR and an iodide-sensitive fluorescent indicator (YFP-H148Q/I152L). 3. Dose-dependent potentiation of defective DeltaF508-CFTR chloride channel gating by five coumarin compounds was demonstrated by the fluorescent iodide influx assay and confirmed by an Ussing chamber short-circuit current assay. Activation was fully abolished by the specific CFTR inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172. Two potent compounds, namely imperatorin and osthole, have activation K(d) values of approximately 10 micromol/L, as determined by the short-circuit current assay. The active coumarin compounds do not elevate intracellular cAMP levels. Activation of DeltaF508-CFTR by the coumarin compounds requires cAMP agonist, suggesting direct interaction with the mutant CFTR molecule. Kinetics analysis indicated rapid activation of DeltaF508-CFTR by the coumarin compounds, with half-maximal activation of < 5 min. The activating effect was fully reversed for all five active compounds 45 min after washout. 4. In conclusion, the natural coumarin DeltaF508-CFTR activators may represent a new class of natural lead compounds for the development of pharmacological therapies for CF caused by the DeltaF508 mutation.

Assessment of released acrosin activity as a measurement of the sperm acrosome reaction.

AIM: To develop a method for assessing sperm function by measuring released acrosin activity during the acrosome reaction (AR). METHODS: Human semen samples were obtained from 24 healthy donors with proven fertility after 3-7 days of sexual abstinence. After collection, samples were liquefied for 30 min at room temperature. Standard semen parameters were evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Calcium ionophore A23187 and progesterone (P4) were used to stimulate the sperm to undergo AR. After treatment, sperm were incubated with the supravital dye Hoechst33258, fixed in a glutaraldehyde-phosphate-buffered saline solution, and the acrosomal status was determined by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA). The percentage of sperm undergoing AR (AR%) was compared to sperm acrosin activities as assessed by spectrocolorimetry. The correlation between AR% and acrosin activity was determined by statistical analysis. RESULTS: The AR% and released acrosin activity were both markedly increased with A23187 and P4 stimulation. Sperm motility and viability were significantly higher after stimulation with P4 versus stimulation with A23187 (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between released acrosin activity and AR% determined by FITC-PSA staining (r=0.916, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spectrocolorimetric measurement of released acrosin activity might serve as a reasonable alternative method to evaluate AR.

The transmission disequilibrium analysis between neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) gene and schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The three polymorphisms rs2337980, rs1909884, rs883473 in CHRNA7 gene were detected based on PCR and polyacrylamide gel microarray in 129 schizophrenic trios. The results of genotyping were analyzed by haplotype relative risk analysis based on haplotype(HHRR), transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) and hyplotype analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)The HHRR analysis suggested that there was significant differences in rs2337980 allele frequencies between schizophrenia group and dummy control group(P= 0.017); (2)In TDT test, there may be transmission disequilibrium between rs2337980 and schizophrenia, the heterozygous parents excessively transferred the C allele to patients (P= 0.021); (3)The haplotype between rs2337980 and rs1909884 as well as the hyplotype among rs2337980, rs1909884 and rs883473 may have significant association with schizophrenia (global P= 0.034; global P= 0.027), the T-C and T-C-T hyplotype may have transmission disequilibrium with schizophrenia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There may be association between CHRNA7 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia, the variant allele T in rs2337980 may have a protective effect to schizophrenia.</p>