ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nowadays the food production, supply and consumption chain represent a major cause of ecological pressure on the natural environment, and diet links worldwide human health with environmental sustainability. Food policy, dietary guidelines and food security strategies need to evolve from the limited historical approach, mainly focused on nutrients and health, to a new one considering the environmental, socio-economic and cultural impact-and thus the sustainability-of diets. OBJECTIVE: To present an updated version of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid (MDP) to reflect multiple environmental concerns. METHODS: We performed a revision and restructuring of the MDP to incorporate more recent findings on the sustainability and environmental impact of the Mediterranean Diet pattern, as well as its associations with nutrition and health. For each level of the MDP we provided a third dimension featuring the corresponding environmental aspects related to it. CONCLUSIONS: The new environmental dimension of the MDP enhances food intake recommendations addressing both health and environmental issues. Compared to the previous 2011 version, it emphasizes more strongly a lower consumption of red meat and bovine dairy products, and a higher consumption of legumes and locally grown eco-friendly plant foods as much as possible.
Subject(s)
Diet, Mediterranean , Environment , Food Supply , Animals , Cattle , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior , Food Supply/economics , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Nutrition Policy/economics , Nutrition Policy/trends , Program EvaluationABSTRACT
In 1996, the World Food Summit reaffirmed the inalienable right that each person across the globe has to access safe, adequate and nutritious food. At that time a goal was established to reduce by half the number of undernourished persons worldwide by 2015, in other words the year that we are now commencing. Different countries and organisations considered the necessity of reaching consensus and developing indicators for measuring household food insecurity. The availability of a simple but evidence-based measurement method to identify nutritionally at-risk population groups constitutes an essential instrument for implementing strategies that effectively address relevant key issues.
En 1996, la Cumbre Mundial sobre la Alimentación reafirmó el derecho inalienable de los habitantes del mundo a tener acceso a una alimentación adecuada, inocua y nutritiva, y se planteó como meta disminuir a la mitad el número de personas subnutridas en el mundo para el año 2015, es decir, este año que iniciamos. Diversos países y organizaciones se plantean la necesidad de consensuar y desarrollar indicadores para la medición de la inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares. Disponer de un método de medición simple pero con base científica para identificar los grupos de población de mayor vulnerabilidad nutricional, se considera una herramienta básica para poder implementar estrategias que permitan afrontar el problema de un forma efectiva.
Subject(s)
Family Characteristics , Food Supply , Humans , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutrition Surveys , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
En 1996, la Cumbre Mundial sobre la Alimentación reafirmó el derecho inalienable de los habitantes del mundo a tener acceso a una alimentación adecuada, inocua y nutritiva, y se planteó como meta disminuir a la mitad el número de personas subnutridas en el mundo para el año 2015, es decir, este año que iniciamos. Diversos países y organizaciones se plantean la necesidad de consensuar y desarrollar indicadores para la medición de la inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares. Disponer de un método de medición simple pero con base científica para identificar los grupos de población de mayor vulnerabilidad nutricional, se considera una herramienta básica para poder implementar estrategias que permitan afrontar el problema de un forma efectiva (AU)
In 1996, the World Food Summit reaffirmed the inalienable right that each person across the globe has to access safe, adequate and nutritious food. At that time a goal was established to reduce by half the number of undernourished persons worldwide by 2015, in other words the year that we are now commencing. Different countries and organisations considered the necessity of reaching consensus and developing indicators for measuring household food insecurity. The availability of a simple but evidence-based measurement method to identify nutritionally at-risk population groups constitutes an essential instrument for implementing strategies that effectively address relevant key issues (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /methods , Eating/physiology , Food/standards , Food , 24457/standards , Consumer Product Safety , Food Supply/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Supply/methods , Food Supply/standards , 50328 , Legislation, Food/standards , /standards , Security Measures/organization & administration , Security Measures/standardsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the nutricional habits and nutricional status of the Catalan population over 10 years interval of the two Catalan Nutricional Surveys conducted in 1992-93 and 2002-03. METHODS: 2641 individuals in 1992-93 and 2060 individuals in 2002-03 aged 10 to 75 years participated in the surveys. Two 24 hour recall, a food frequency questionnaire, and a general questionnaire with information on physical activity, knowledge and opinions on nutrition and supplements use were administered. Weight (Kg), height (cm) and waist circumference (WC) (cm) were measured. A subsample of the population underwent a biochemical evaluation. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, tryglicerides and beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and retinol were measured. RESULTS: A decrease in the consumption of fruit, vegetables, potatoes, meat and fish and an increase in the consumption of dairy products and fast food (in young individuals) were reported. An increase in the mean value of Body Mass Index (BMI) was observed among males, and an increase in WC mean value was observed in males and females. BMI value decreased in females (except among the younger ones). The prevalence of obesity increased among males (from 9.9% to 16.6%), but not in females. Both total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol decreased. A decrease was observed in the percentage of population with sedentary habits during leisure time. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for an effective nutrition policy promoting healthy nutrition in accordance with the ongoing dietary guidelines.
Subject(s)
Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Body Mass Index , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Female , Humans , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Nutrition Surveys , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to define the concept of Mediterranean Diet or Diets and to describe the associated health benefits recognised by the scientific community. The characteristics of the Mediterranean Diet are described as well as the effects the foods comprising it have on the most common pathologies such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition's consensus based Healthy Diet Pyramid, along with Greece's pyramid for food guidelines for the adult population (from the Greek Ministry of Health), are presented and compared. They are the graphic representation of the food and physical activity guides of two typically Mediterranean countries. Nutritional and sociological trends are also discussed and their impact on the evolution of the Mediterranean Diet.
Subject(s)
Diet, Mediterranean , Nutrition Policy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Europe , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Diet, Mediterranean , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Health Promotion , Humans , Olive Oil , Plant Oils , VegetablesABSTRACT
El objetivo de este artículo es definir el concepto de Dieta Mediterránea o "Dietas Mediterráneas" y describir el impacto en la salud que la comunidad científica actualmente te reconoce. En él se describen las características de la Dieta Mediterránea y se identifican los efectos de sus componentes sobre patologías principales tales como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el cáncer. Por otro lado, se presentan y comparan la Pirámide de la Dieta Saludable, fruto del concenso de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria, y la Pirámide de la Dieta para la Población Adulta Griega, del Ministerio de Salud de Grecia. Ambas pirámides son la representación gráfica de las recomendaciones o guías alimentarias y de actividad física de las poblaciones de dos países típicamente mediterráneos. Por último, se exponen las tendencias nutricionales y sociológicas de la Dieta Mediterránea y su impacto en la evolución de la Dieta Mediterránea