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The transformation of a benign phyllodes tumor (PT) into a malignant PT and/or carcinoma is extremely uncommon. We present a case of a 66-year-old female with a huge mass on the left breast which was successfully removed by surgical resection. The pathological diagnosis was infiltrating lobular carcinoma with pure rhabdoid features and the malignant transformation of a benign phyllodes tumor. The first time this rare case was reported, it is demonstrated a special phenomenon through the synchronous transformation of PT grades and the carcinomatous transformation of PT.
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INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Bladder metastatic melanoma is a very uncommon condition. CASE PRESENTATION: On 62 reported cases, 55 studies have been done so far. We describe a 53-year-old woman with a hematuria who underwent transurethral resection of bladder lesions caused by metastatic melanoma for eight years ago after receiving her initial diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: We also review the medical literature to determine the prognosis of bladder metastatic melanoma. Synchronous metastases with metastatic melanoma to the bladder also reduces the mean survival compared with patients with metachronous metastases. CONCLUSION: Bladder metastatic melanoma combined with other factors, such as male, lymph node metastases, primary skin tumor, two or more bladder metastatic foci, and synchronous metastases are predictors of worse prognosis.
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BACKGROUND: Recent evidence demonstrates that manually triggered vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) combined with rehabilitation leads to increased recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke. This approach is premised on studies demonstrating that the timing of stimulation relative to movements is a key determinant in the effectiveness of this approach. OBJECTIVE: The overall goal of the study was to identify an algorithm that could be used to automatically trigger VNS on the best movements during rehabilitative exercises while maintaining a desired interval between stimulations to reduce the burden of manual stimulation triggering. METHODS: To develop the algorithm, we analyzed movement data collected from patients with a history of neurological injury. We applied 3 different algorithms to the signal, analyzed their triggering choices, and then validated the best algorithm by comparing triggering choices to those selected by a therapist delivering VNS therapy. RESULTS: The dynamic algorithm triggered above the 95th percentile of maximum movement at a rate of 5.09 (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.74) triggers per minute. The periodic algorithm produces stimulation at set intervals but low movement selectivity (34.05%, IQR = 7.47), while the static threshold algorithm produces long interstimulus intervals (27.16 ± 2.01 seconds) with selectivity of 64.49% (IQR = 25.38). On average, the dynamic algorithm selects movements that are 54 ± 3% larger than therapist-selected movements. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a dynamic algorithm is an effective strategy to trigger VNS during the best movements at a reliable triggering rate.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Stroke Rehabilitation , Vagus Nerve Stimulation , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Stroke Rehabilitation/methods , Adult , Aged , Upper Extremity/physiopathology , Movement/physiologyABSTRACT
Sleep apnea (SA) is a significant respiratory condition that poses a major global health challenge. Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as an efficient tool for the classification problem in electrocardiogram (ECG)-based SA diagnoses. Despite these advancements, most common conventional feature extractions derived from ECG signals in DL, such as R-peaks and RR intervals, may fail to capture crucial information encompassed within the complete ECG segments. In this study, we propose an innovative approach to address this diagnostic gap by delving deeper into the comprehensive segments of the ECG signal. The proposed methodology draws inspiration from Matrix Profile algorithms, which generate an Euclidean distance profile from fixed-length signal subsequences. From this, we derived the Min Distance Profile (MinDP), Max Distance Profile (MaxDP), and Mean Distance Profile (MeanDP) based on the minimum, maximum, and mean of the profile distances, respectively. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we use the modified LeNet-5 architecture as the primary CNN model, along with two existing lightweight models, BAFNet and SE-MSCNN. Our experiment results on the PhysioNet Apnea-ECG dataset (70 overnight recordings), and the UCDDB dataset (25 overnight recordings) revealed that our new feature extraction method achieved per-segment accuracies of up to 92.11% and 81.25%, respectively. Moreover, using the PhysioNet data, we achieved a per-recording accuracy of 100% and yielded the highest correlation of 0.989 compared to state-of-the-art methods. By introducing a new feature extraction method based on distance relationships, we enhanced the performance of certain lightweight models in DL, showing potential for home sleep apnea test (HSAT) and SA detection in IoT devices. The source code for this work is made publicly available in GitHub: https://github.com/vinuni-vishc/MPCNN-Sleep-Apnea.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Deep Learning , Electrocardiography , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Humans , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/classification , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology , Electrocardiography/methods , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers among health care professionals (HCPs), policymakers, and regulators in Vietnam related to opioid therapy for cancer pain. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Vietnam from June to August 2022. Participants completed a questionnaire on their demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes toward opioid therapy, and barriers to accessing opioids for cancer pain. RESULTS: Two hundred seven HCPs and 15 policymakers/regulators completed the questionnaire. Poor knowledge about opioids in cancer pain was found in 63.3% of HCPs and 80.0% of policymakers/regulators. Poor knowledge was associated with a lack of training in cancer pain management or palliative care (PC; prevalence ratio [PR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.24]). Negative attitudes toward opioid therapy in cancer pain were held by 64.7% of HCPs and 80.0% of policymakers/regulators. Negative attitudes were associated with the unavailability of oral morphine in the workplace (PR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20]). The most common major barriers reported were the absence of national policy on pain management and PC (34.7%), inadequate training in opioid use for cancer pain (33.8%), lockdown of health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic (32.4%), limited opioid availability in local health facilities (32.4%), and excessively restrictive regulation of opioid dispensing in pharmacies (32.4%). CONCLUSION: This study found a knowledge deficit and negative attitudes toward opioid therapy for cancer pain among HCPs and policymakers/regulators. Improving education and training in opioid therapy is essential. Recognizing major barriers can guide strategies to enhance safe opioid accessibility for cancer pain management in Vietnam.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid , Cancer Pain , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel , Pain Management , Humans , Vietnam , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Cancer Pain/drug therapy , Cancer Pain/psychology , Male , Female , Adult , Health Personnel/psychology , Health Personnel/education , Middle Aged , Pain Management/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Attitude of Health Personnel , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Palliative Care/methodsABSTRACT
Electroactive filament electrodes were synthesized by wet-spinning of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) followed by femtosecond pulse laser deposition of ZnO (CNF@ZnO). A layer of conducting conjugated polymers was further adsorbed by in situ polymerization of either pyrrole or aniline, yielding systems optimized for electron conduction. The resultant hybrid filaments were thoroughly characterized by imaging, spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance, and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. For the filaments using polyaniline, the measured conductivity was a result of the synergy between the inorganic and organic layers, while the contribution was additive in the case of the systems containing polypyrrole. This observation is rationalized by the occurrence of charge transfer between ZnO and polyaniline but not that with polypyrrole. The introduced conductive hybrid filaments displayed a performance that competes with that of metallic counterparts, offering great promise for next-generation filament electrodes based on renewable nanocellulose.
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Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic the complex process of angiogenesis in cancer, providing more accurate and physiologically relevant data than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems. Microwell systems are particularly useful in this context as they provide a microenvironment that more closely resembles the in vivo environment than traditional microwells. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microwells are particularly advantageous due to their bio-inertness and the ability to tailor their material characteristics depending on the PEG molecular weight. Although there are several methods available for microwell fabrication, most of them are time-consuming and expensive. The current study utilizes a low-cost laser etching technique on poly(methyl methacrylate) materials followed by molding with PDMS to produce microwells. The optimal conditions for making concave microwells are an engraving parameter speed of 600 mm/s, power of 20%, and a design diameter of the microwell of 0.4 mm. The artificial tumor achieved its full size after 7 days of cell growth in a microwell system, and the cells developed drugs through a live/dead assay test. The results of the drug testing revealed that the IC50 value of zerumbone-loaded liposomes in HepG2 was 4.53 pM, which is greater than the IC50 value of zerumbone. The HepG2 cancer sphere's 3D platform for medication testing revealed that zerumbone-loaded liposomes were very effective at high doses. These findings generally imply that zerumbone-loaded liposomes have the capacity to target the liver and maintain medication delivery.
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BACKGROUND: The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae causes significant damage to ornamental, cotton, sugarcane and horticultural crops in Australia. It has a long history of developing resistance to many acaricides including bifenazate. A mutation in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b is recognized as the primary mechanism of bifenazate resistance. To investigate the resistance mechanisms against bifenazate in Australian two-spotted spider mite, we sequenced the complete mitochondrion genome of five mite strains including a susceptible and bifenazate-resistant strain. RESULTS: We identified a novel mutation D252N in the G126S background at cytochrome b being the cause of bifenazate resistance in a bifenazate-resistant strain, Bram. We validated the role of this mutation combination by reciprocal crosses between a bifenazate resistant and susceptible strain. By doing these crosses we confirmed the pattern of inheritance was maternal. Additionally, mitochondrial heteroplasmy was not observed by single mite genotyping of the mutations in cytb in a known bifenazate-resistant strain Bram. The phylogenetic analysis with the complete mitochondrion genome sequences revealed that Australian two-spotted spider mite strains are closely related to the green form of T. urticae found in China. CONCLUSIONS: The novel mutation D252N found in the cytochrome b in the G126S background was revealed to be the main cause of bifenazate resistance in the Australian T. urticae strain Bram. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Acaricides , Cytochromes b , Tetranychidae , Animals , Tetranychidae/genetics , Tetranychidae/drug effects , Cytochromes b/genetics , Acaricides/pharmacology , Mutation , Drug Resistance/genetics , Arthropod Proteins/genetics , Arthropod Proteins/metabolism , Phylogeny , Female , Carbamates , HydrazinesABSTRACT
Despite the raised awareness of the role of pharmacogenomic (PGx) in personalized medicines for COVID-19, data for COVID-19 drugs is extremely scarce and not even a publication on this topic for post-COVID-19 medications to date. In the current study, we investigated the genetic variations associated with COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 therapies by using whole genome sequencing data of the 1000 Vietnamese Genomes Project (1KVG) in comparison with other populations retrieved from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 (1KGP3) and the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Moreover, we also evaluated the risk of drug interactions in comorbid COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients based on pharmacogenomic profiles of drugs using a computational approach. For COVID-19 therapies, variants related to the response of two causal treatment agents (tolicizumab and ritonavir) and antithrombotic drugs are common in the Vietnamese cohort. Regarding post-COVID-19, drugs for mental manipulations possess the highest number of clinical annotated variants carried by Vietnamese individuals. Among the superpopulations, East Asian populations shared the most similar genetic structure with the Vietnamese population, whereas the African population showed the most difference. Comorbid patients are at an increased drug-drug interaction (DDI) risk when suffering from COVID-19 and after recovering as well due to a large number of potential DDIs which have been identified. Our results presented the population-specific understanding of the pharmacogenomic aspect of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 therapy to optimize therapeutic outcomes and promote personalized medicine strategy. We also partly clarified the higher risk in COVID-19 patients with underlying conditions by assessing the potential drug interactions.
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Three naphthorosarins, antiaromatic expanded porphyrins bearing different meso substituents (NRos 1-3), designed to self-assemble into columnar liquid crystalline (LC) structures, were synthesized and characterized using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as supporting computational calculations. The substituents were found to play a crucial role in modulating the LC behaviour.
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Introduction: Ischaemic stroke often leaves serious sequelae affecting patients' daily activities and quality of life, especially shoulder pain. Shoulder pain after stroke often occurs in the first 3 months with an occurrence rate of 25-72% due to the strong natural neurological mechanism during the time, interferes with the recovery of motor function, increases hospital stay, is associated with depression, and limits mobility as well as inhibits treatment results. In Vietnam, Traditional Medicine (TM) has played an essential role in treating and rehabilitating shoulder pain after stroke for quite a long time. Studies on the pathology of shoulder pain (Jian Tong) after stroke in TM in Vietnam are still inadequate. Therefore, this study evaluated the severity and characteristics of post-stroke Jian Tong in patients with ischaemic stroke. Methods: The study was conducted from January 1, 2023-May 1, 2023. The study consisted of two phases: Phase 1: Searching TM documents and selecting the characteristics that appear in the documents as components for the questionnaire of phase 2. Phase 2: Conduct a cross-sectional study to investigate the characteristics of Jian Tong in 65 patients after ischaemic stroke in the early rehabilitation phase. Results: In phase 1, the study encoded 17 features of Jian Tong from 10 literary documents. In phase 2, we surveyed over 65 patients, and the result was that shoulder pain aggravated by exertion had the highest rate, whereas shoulder pain alleviated by cold and distended shoulder had the fewest. Pain level measured by Number Rating Scale (NRS) points and gender was significantly related to the characteristics of TM shoulder pain - Jian Tong (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study demonstrated the pain level and the characteristics of Jian Tong in patients with ischaemic stroke in the early rehabilitation phase to contribute to the process of personalized diagnosing and treating Jian Tong after stroke for each patient, especially based on the theoretical basis and reasoning methods of Traditional Medicine.
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Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is an important foliar pathogen of oat which causes crown rust disease. The virulence profile of 48 Pca isolates derived from different locations in Australia was characterized using a collection of oat lines often utilized in rust surveys in the United States and Australia. This analysis indicates that Pca populations in Eastern Australia are broadly virulent, which contrasts with the population in Western Australia (WA). Several oat lines/Pc genes are effective against all rust samples collected from WA, suggesting they may provide useful resistance in this region if deployed in combination. We identified 19 lines from the United States oat differential set that display disease resistance to Pca in WA, with some in agreement with previous rust survey reports. We adopted the 10-letter nomenclature system to define oat crown rust races in Australia and compare the frequency of those virulence traits to published data from the United States. Based on this nomenclature, 42 unique races were detected among the 48 isolates, reflecting the high diversity of virulence phenotypes for Pca in Australia. Nevertheless, the Pca population in the United States is substantially more broadly virulent than that of Australia. Close examination of resistance profiles for the oat differential set lines after infection with Pca supports hypotheses of allelism or redundancy among Pc genes or the presence of several resistance genes in some oat differential lines. These findings illustrate the need to deconvolute the oat differential set using molecular tools.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Subject(s)
Avena , Plant Diseases , Puccinia , Avena/microbiology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Australia , Virulence/genetics , Puccinia/pathogenicity , Puccinia/genetics , Disease Resistance/genetics , United States , Basidiomycota/genetics , Basidiomycota/pathogenicity , Basidiomycota/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous crop pest that has spread over the world rapidly and invaded Australia in 2020. Globally, FAW has been reported to be resistant to several insecticides permitted in Australia. Timely resistance diagnosis is critical for integrated pest management-based control of FAW in Australia. RESULTS: We developed a multi-amplicon panel by next-generation sequencing (multiamplicon-seq) to identify known insecticide resistance mutations in Australian FAW with high throughput and low cost. The panel included nine known mutations causing insecticide resistance in FAW and four gene mutations causing insecticide resistance in several insect species, not yet reported in FAW. We sequenced 36 plates (96-well) in one MiSeq flow cell with easy sequencing library preparation. We found that Australian FAW carried a very high proportion of the F290V mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene that causes resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Furthermore, FAW has a GABA-activated chloride channel mutation, A301Q in the RDL gene. The sequencing-based platform provided evidence of a duplication in the AChE gene. Here several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 476-bp amplicon of the AChE gene demonstrated 100% heterozygosity across samples and some individuals carried two haplotypes with the F290V mutation. CONCLUSION: Molecular surveillance by multiamplicon-seq will increase capacity for early detection and future resistance monitoring in highly dispersed Australian FAW. It can provide timely resistance information and has the potential to play an important role in the resistance management of FAW. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Insecticides , Humans , Animals , Insecticides/pharmacology , Spodoptera , Insecticide Resistance/genetics , Acetylcholinesterase , Australia , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , LarvaABSTRACT
Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the causal agent of the disease known as crown rust, which represents a bottleneck in oat production worldwide. Characterization of pathogen populations often involves race (pathotype) assignments using differential sets, which are not uniform across countries. This study compared the virulence profiles of 25 P. coronata f. sp. avenae isolates from Australia using two host differential sets, one from Australia and one from the United States. These differential sets were also genotyped using diversity arrays technology sequencing technology. Phenotypic and genotypic discrepancies were detected on 8 out of 29 common lines between the two sets, indicating that pathogen race assignments based on those lines are not comparable. To further investigate molecular markers that could assist in the stacking of rust resistance genes important for Australia, four published Pc91-linked markers were validated across the differential sets and then screened across a collection of 150 oat cultivars. Drover, Aladdin, and Volta were identified as putative carriers of the Pc91 locus. This is the first report to confirm that the cultivar Volta carries Pc91 and demonstrates the value of implementing molecular markers to characterize materials in breeding pools of oat. Overall, our findings highlight the necessity of examining seed stocks using pedigree and molecular markers to ensure seed uniformity and bring robustness to surveillance methodologies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Subject(s)
Avena , Disease Resistance , Genotype , Plant Diseases , Puccinia , Avena/microbiology , Avena/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Disease Resistance/genetics , Australia , Puccinia/genetics , Phenotype , Virulence/genetics , United States , Genetic Markers/genetics , Basidiomycota/genetics , Basidiomycota/physiologyABSTRACT
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Liver cancer is the common cause of cancer death. <i>Paris polyphylla</i> is used as a traditional folk medicine in Vietnam to treat pneumonia, mastitis, bruises and fractures but no study was available regarding its ability to treat liver cancer or slow its growth. In this study, <i>Paris polyphylla</i> samples were identified and evaluated cytotoxic activity against the liver cancer cells. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>Paris polyphylla</i> species were collected from various areas in Yen Bai, Vietnam, which were identified by comparative morphological method and DNA barcoding for the <i>18S, matK</i> genes and <i>ITS</i> region. <i>Paris polyphylla</i> samples were dried until constant weight, ground into a fine powder and extracted in various solvents. The bioactivity of these extracts were done by the MTT assay. <b>Results:</b> The sequences of <i>18S, matK</i> genes and <i>ITS</i> region were high similarity to sequences of <i>P. polyphylla</i> in the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The N-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were produced from the methanol extract of <i>P. polyphylla</i>. The TLC results showed that there was a significant difference in the component of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction. The N-hexane fraction contains mainly low-polarity and non-polarity substances. While ethyl acetate fraction consists mainly of polar substances. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction was shown the strongest cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 with the evaluation of IC<sub>50</sub> = 115.11±2.77 µg mL<sup>1</sup> and IC<sub>50</sub> = 148.11±1.78 µg mL<sup>1</sup>. <b>Conclusion:</b> The extract of <i>Paris polyphylla</i> demonstrated strong potential to inhibit the growth of the liver cancer cell line. The ethyl acetate fraction has the highest ability for cytotoxicity on the liver and cell line at a concentration of 200 µg mL<sup>1</sup> through MTT.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Coleoptera , Liliaceae , Liver Neoplasms , Female , Animals , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the distribution of social support for mental health problems has likely become unequal. Family- and community-based social support has been recognized as a promising approach for mental disorders; however, limited global frameworks have been applied to developing countries such as Vietnam. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and social support among patients with mental health disorders in Vietnam and to investigate the factors associated with quality of life among these patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 psychiatric patients in Hanoi from 2020 to 2022. A structured questionnaire was developed based on four standardized scales: Mental Well-Being-5 scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, EuroQoL-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and EuroQoL-5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) scale. Tobit regression was used to identify factors associated with the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS scores. Structural equation modeling was applied to verify the relationship between quality of life and social support. RESULTS: The results showed that perceived support from family scored the highest compared to support from friends and significant others. Patients with depression reported the lowest quality of life and perceived social support. Structural equation modeling showed a root mean square error of approximation of 0.055 (90% CI 0.006-0.090), comparative fit index of 0.954, Tucker-Lewis index of 0.892, and standardized root mean squared error of 0.036 (P<.001). The hypothetical model indicated statistically significant correlations between EQ-VAS score and social support (P=.004), EQ-5D-5L and mental well-being (P<.001), and social support and mental well-being (P<.001). Critical deterioration of quality of life and inconsistency in social support for patients with mental illness were also recorded. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to enhance social support and service delivery in Vietnam, focusing on occupation and quality of life. The correlations between social support, quality of life, and mental health issues suggest the potential of a clinical-social integrated intervention model of care.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Mental Disorders , Humans , Quality of Life/psychology , Health Status , Mental Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Social SupportABSTRACT
Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family is well known as a major group of drug metabolizing enzymes. The polymorphism of CYP450 genes is the main factor having an impact on the interindividual difference in drug response, including drug efficacy and drug safety. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of Vietnamese Kinh has been widely studied, but information about the copy number variations (CNVs) of other CYP450 genes is still unknown. Objective: To identify the CNV variability of CYP450 in 154 healthy unrelated Kinh Vietnamese, except eCYP2D6, which was previously reported. Methods: Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was applied for determination of copy number of 10 CYP450 genes. Later, PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to confirm the detected CNVs in randomly chosen subjects. Results: Of the 154 subjects, along with CYP2D6, 4 other CYP450 genes showed CNVs including duplications (CYP1B1), deletions (CYP2A6 and CYP2C9), and both duplications and deletions (CYP2E1). Among these, CYP2A6 exhibited the greatest frequency of CNVs compared with other CYP450, in which CYP2A6Del accounted for 11%. Meanwhile, allele CYP2E1Del showed the lowest frequency with only 0.3%. Conclusions: The present study provides new insight into CYP450 CNVs in the Kinh Vietnamese cohort. Our data have contributed to genetic profiling of CYP450 CNVs in Vietnam, which would be helpful for facilitating implementation of pharmacogenetics in drug dosing adjustment in Vietnam.
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Teratoma is an uncommon germ cell tumor and develops from at least 2 of the 3 germ cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The origin of teratoma is primordial germ cells that migrate from the allantois to the gonadal ridges during embryogenesis. The teratomas can be intragonadal or extragonadal. Primary extragonadal teratoma is defined as if there is no evidence of a primary tumor in the testicles or ovaries. Common extragonadal sites include the anterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, sacral region, and intracranial cavity. Primary intrahepatic teratomas are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all teratoma cases. Hepatic teratomas are more common in children than in adults. We present a case of an immature primary hepatic teratoma in an adult woman.
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BACKGROUND: Evaluating the prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who may be at risk of poor outcomes using grading systems is one way to make a better decision on treatment for these patients. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the modified World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) Grading Scales in predicting the outcomes of patients with aSAH. METHODS: From August 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study on adult patients with aSAH in three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. The primary outcome was the 90-day poor outcome, measured by a score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death) on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We calculated the areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROCs) to determine how well the grading scales could predict patient prognosis upon admission. We also used ROC curve analysis to find the best cut-off value for each scale. We compared AUROCs using Z-statistics and compared 90-day mean mRS scores among intergrades using the pairwise multiple-comparison test. Finally, we used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the 90-day poor outcome. RESULTS: Of 415 patients, 32% had a 90-day poor outcome. The modified WFNS (AUROC: 0.839 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.795-0.883]; cut-off value≥2.50; PAUROC<0.001), WFNS (AUROC: 0.837 [95% CI: 0.793-0.881]; cut-off value≥3.5; PAUROC<0.001), and H&H scales (AUROC: 0.836 [95% CI: 0.791-0.881]; cut-off value≥3.5; PAUROC<0.001) were all good at predicting patient prognosis on day 90th after ictus. However, there were no significant differences between the AUROCs of these scales. Only grades IV and V of the modified WFNS (3.75 [standard deviation, SD: 2.46] vs 5.24 [SD: 1.68], p = 0.026, respectively), WFNS (3.75 [SD: 2.46] vs 5.24 [SD: 1.68], p = 0.026, respectively), and H&H scales (2.96 [SD: 2.60] vs 4.97 [SD: 1.87], p<0.001, respectively) showed a significant difference in the 90-day mean mRS scores. In multivariable models, with the same set of confounding variables, the modified WFNS grade of III to V (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 9.090; 95% CI: 3.494-23.648; P<0.001) was more strongly associated with the increased risk of the 90-day poor outcome compared to the WFNS grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.383; 95% CI: 2.661-15.310; P<0.001) or the H&H grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.146; 95% CI: 2.584-14.620; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the modified WFNS, WFNS, and H&H scales all had good discriminatory abilities for the prognosis of patients with aSAH. Because of the better effect size in predicting poor outcomes, the modified WFNS scale seems preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.
Subject(s)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Adult , Humans , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Hospitalization , Hospitals , Odds RatioABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); it has recently been associated with several hematologic disorders. A 4-year-old boy who had SARS-CoV-2 10 months prior was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with seizures. His SARS-CoV-2 IgG II level was 885.7 AU/mL. Neuroimaging with cranial computed tomography after admission showed abnormal images of the venous sinus, but this was not sufficient to diagnose cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography were conducted, which confirmed the diagnosis. He was treated with thrombectomy and anticoagulation drugs, and the clinical outcomes were satisfactory. Because our patient had a medical history of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibited no other risk factors, we present this case as evidence of a potential association between cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2.