Eosinophilia in the muscle layer of the esophagus and the urinary bladder in a Multiple System Atrophy patient with dysphagia and dysuria.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a spinocerebellar degenerative disease characterized by cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism, and autonomic failure. A 75-year-old woman who had suffered from dysphagia and dysuria under a diagnosis of probable MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia underwent autopsy. Eosinophilia was seen extensively in the muscle layer of the esophagus and urinary bladder. Eosinophilic infiltration to the esophagus was localized in the smooth muscle layer and could be considered as "eosinophilic esophageal myositis" identified in patients with nutcracker esophagus and jackhammer esophagus. Dense eosinophilia was present within the smooth muscle layer of the urinary bladder along with muscle fiber degeneration. We suspected a neuropathic etiology associated with MSA as the cause of the histological changes in the esophagus and urinary bladder; however, the possibility that some other disease might also have been responsible for the eosinophilic infiltration of the muscle layer cannot be denied. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing localized eosinophilia in the muscle layers of the esophagus and urinary bladder in the same patient. Although localized eosinophilia in visceral muscle has not been understood well, our case suggests the possibility that it is a feature of functional motility disorders and may have a neuropathic etiology.

[Double esophageal carcinosarcomas showing rapid growth of a new polypoid tumor after sloughing of another polypoid tumor].

A 55-year-old man presented at our hospital with a large polypoid esophageal tumor. Initial upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed that this tumor had sloughed off to be replaced with ulceration in the thoracic esophagus. However, after the tumor at the thoracic esophagus sloughed off, a semi-circular, superficial, flat squamous cell carcinoma was observed adjacent to the ulceration. In addition, a separate carcinosarcoma, 2cm in diameter, was found at the esophagogastric junction. Approximately one month later, endoscopic re-examination revealed a new polypoid tumor approximately 4cm in diameter that was growing rapidly in the center of the superficial thoracic esophageal carcinoma lesion. Standard subtotal esophagectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed that both lesions were esophageal carcinosarcomas. This is a rare case of double esophageal carcinosarcoma associated with rapid polypoid tumor growth from a superficial squamous cell carcinoma lesion.

Clinicopathological features of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer pointing to efficiency of surveillance colonoscopy in a large retrospective Japanese cohort.

PURPOSE: Cancer surveillance has been conducted in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and the number of operative cases of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (UC-CRC) has been increasing. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features and prognoses of UC-CRC patients and the relationship between surveillance colonoscopy and UC-CRC. METHODS: The clinical records of 1,274 UC patients who required surgery between 1984 and 2010 at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively. Of these, 83 patients had CRC (107 sections). All cases were extracted from the database, along with their clinicopathological data. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate of the UC-CRC group was 89 %. The 5-year survival rate was 100 % in stages 0 and II, 96 % in stage I, 56 % in stage III, and 0 % in stage IV. Surveillance colonoscopy was performed for 40 of the 83 patients. Of 40 patients, 30 with UC who underwent surveillance colonoscopies and 22 of 43 patients without surveillance colonoscopies were in stages 0 to I (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The number of UC-CRC patients who are diagnosed by surveillance colonoscopy is increasing, and many of them are detected in the very early stages (stages 0 or I). Thus, the survival rate of UC-CRC is better than before. Surveillance colonoscopy proofs efficient as CRC are detected in earlier stages.