ABSTRACT
Nuts contain bioactive constituents that elicit cardio-protective effects including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. The objective of the present study was to determine the total oil content, peroxide value, fatty acid composition and levels of tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols in oil extracted from freshly ground brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts. The total oil content of the nuts ranged from 40.4 to 60.8% (w/w) while the peroxide values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 mEq O2/kg oil. The most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1), while linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most prevalent polyunsaturated fatty acid. The levels of total tocopherols ranged from 60.8 to 291.0 mg/g. Squalene ranged from 39.5 mg/g oil in the pine nut to 1377.8 mg/g oil in the brazil nut. beta-Sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 1325.4 to 4685.9 mg/g oil. In conclusion, the present data indicate that nuts are a good dietary source of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols.
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Nuts/chemistry , Squalene/analysis , Tocopherols/analysis , Vitamins/analysis , Anacardium/chemistry , Bertholletia/chemistry , Carya/chemistry , Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives , Cholesterol/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Linoleic Acid/analysis , Oleic Acid/analysis , Peroxides/analysis , Phytosterols/analysis , Pistacia/chemistry , Sitosterols/analysis , Stigmasterol/analysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To develop a prognosis-based clinical staging system for infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: Abstraction of data from medical records of 75 infected children. For each clinical finding present in infancy, the magnitude of the relative risk (RR) for early death was used to assign subjects to different clinical stages. RESULTS: Stage IV (RR > 3) included subjects with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, other opportunistic infections, or encephalopathy. Stage III (RR, 2 to 3) included those with anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, fever, oral candidiasis, or one or more serious bacterial infections. Stage II included those with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, failure to thrive, or persistent diarrhea, and stage I included those who had lymphadenopathy or were free of symptoms. When clinical staging was applied to the study population at ages as early as 6 months, survival curves were significantly different (IV vs III: p < 0.0005; III vs II + I: p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical staging should be beneficial in advising parents about an infant's prognosis, therapeutic decision making, and stratification for clinical trials.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Death , HIV Infections/mortality , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Prognosis , Risk , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Many elderly patients take several medications for chronic conditions, a situation which causes problems in compliance with drug regimens. This study surveyed patients' preferences among four devices designed to make compliance easier: rub-off reminder labels, medication organizer trays, a container cap with a modified alarm clock, and a digital elapsed timer. Thirty-one enrolled patients used each device for one month then reported their ratings of four device attributes--clarity of directions for use, ease of use, convenience, and effectiveness in preventing dosing errors. The patients showed a strong preference for the medication organizer tray and generally preferred less-complex devices to those that were more difficult to learn to use.
Subject(s)
Drug Prescriptions , Patient Compliance , Aged , Drug Administration Schedule , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Se realizó el estudio hidrogeoquímico de un área de 10.000 Km2 en la llanura sudoriental de la provincia de Córdoba afectada por la presencia de arsénico en sus aguas. El trabajo consistió en un muestreo de la capa freática en el que mediante la técnica de activación neutrónica en especial se determinaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos, los aniones y cationes usuales mas litio, y siete oligoelementos. Se realizaron dosajes precisos del contenido de arsénico, fluor y vanadio, que revelaron en un 72 por ciento de las muestras valores superiores de arsénico por litro al límite establecido en Argentina por Obras Sanitarias de la Nación como valor tolerable. Se describió el selenio y otros dos de efecto menos conocidos: uranio y molibdeno. Tanto desde el punto