ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. RESULTS: The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM's history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. CONCLUSIONS: Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality.
Subject(s)
Feminization , Radiology , Female , Humans , Male , Spain , Radiography , RadiologistsABSTRACT
Introducción: Existen desigualdades por razón de género en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo la radiología. Aunque la situación está mejorando, la presencia de radiólogas en puestos de liderazgo continúa siendo minoritaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de la mujer en la radiología española, comparándola con Europa y EE. UU. Materiales y métodos: Seleccionamos como franja de referencia los años 2000-2022 para hacer una comparación con datos de feminización a lo largo de la historia. Además también se incluyeron datos puntuales relevantes del recién comenzado 2023. Las variables en las que investigamos la feminización fueron las siguientes: estudiantes de medicina, médicos graduados, residentes y especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, jefes de sección, jefes de servicio, tutores de residentes de radiodiagnóstico, radiólogos profesores universitarios, presidentes de las principales entidades y sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE. UU., receptores de los principales galardones de dichas sociedades radiológicas y editores jefe de sus revistas. Para ello realizamos una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, contactamos con las sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE. UU. y realizamos una encuesta a los principales servicios de radiodiagnóstico de España. Resultados: La presencia femenina en radiología va disminuyendo a medida que ascendemos a puestos de liderazgo, situación que se constata tanto en España como en Europa y EE. UU., comparativa que analizaremos en profundidad a lo largo del artículo. En los hospitales españoles en el año 2021 había un 58,1% de mujeres residentes de radiodiagnóstico, 55% de radiólogas, 42,9% de jefas de sección y 24,4% de jefas de servicio. En la historia de la SERAM ha habido un 10% de mujeres presidentas, un 22% de mujeres medallas de oro y un 5% de editoras jefe. Analizando los datos del año 2000 al 2023 el porcentaje de presidentas alcanza el 32% y las mujeres medalla de oro el 31%.(AU)
Introduction: There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyze the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. Materials and methods: We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main spanish radiology departments. Results: The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analyzed in depth throughout the article. In spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM's history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyze data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Sexism , 57444 , Leadership , Feminization , Radiology , SpainABSTRACT
The Spanish Society of Emergency Radiology (SERAU), the Spanish Society of Neuroradiology (SENR), the Spanish Society of Neurology through its Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group (GEECV-SEN) and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM) have met to draft this consensus document that will review the use of computed tomography in the stroke code patients, focusing on its indications, the technique for its correct acquisition and the possible interpretation mistakes.
Subject(s)
Radiology , Stroke , Humans , Consensus , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
La Sociedad Española de Radiología de Urgencias (SERAU), la Sociedad Española de Neurorradiología (SENR), la Sociedad Española de Neurología a través de su Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares (GEECV-SEN) y la Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica (SERAM) se han reunido para redactar este documento de consenso que repasará el uso de la tomografía computarizada en el código ictus, centrándose en sus indicaciones, la técnica para su correcta adquisición y las posibles causas de error en su interpretación (AU)
The Spanish Society of Emergency Radiology (SERAU), the Spanish Society of Neuroradiology (SENR), the Spanish Society of Neurology through its Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group (GEECV-SEN) and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM) have met to draft this consensus document that will review the use of computed tomography in the stroke code patients, focusing on its indications, the technique for its correct acquisition and the possible interpretation mistakes (AU)
Subject(s)
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Computed Tomography Angiography , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Societies, Medical , SpainABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Radiology/education , Radiology/methods , Radiology/trends , Radiology, Interventional/education , Education/methods , Internet/instrumentation , Internet , Webcasts as Topic/organization & administration , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Learning , Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Education, Medical, Continuing/organization & administration , Education, Medical, Continuing/standardsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to assess the validity of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) CISS 3D sequence associated with 3D time of flight (TOF) angiographic sequence in order to detect neurovascular contact (NVC) between the facial nerve and neighbouring arteries in patients with essential hemifacial spasm (HFS) and to determine the relationship between HFS symptoms and NVC and NVC image features (type, number and site). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 120 cerebellopontine angle (CPA) MRI studies, 44 cases with HFS symptoms and 76 which were asymptomatic (controls), using axial T2-weighted (CISS) and axial 3D TOF series with associated Maximal intensity (MIP) reconstructions. Prior TOF angiographic studies were available for 56 cases without associated CISS images and the results obtained from that study were compared with the results of the current study. RESULTS: The diagnostic values obtained significantly favoured the protocol used in this study, which demonstrated a sensitivity of 77.27% and a specificity of 75%. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of NVC and HFS symptoms (p<0.0001). Only one statistically significant relationship was found between facial nerve displacement (in type of NVC) and HFS symptoms (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed MRI protocol is sensitive and valid for detecting NVC in patients with HFS. The results of our study support a relationship between NVC and HFS symptoms. It is not a simple relationship, however. It may be influenced by other factors, such as displacement of the facial nerve due to NVC.
Subject(s)
Arteries/pathology , Facial Nerve/pathology , Hemifacial Spasm/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Facial Nerve/blood supply , Female , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/standards , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objetivos: Evaluar la validez de la secuencia CISS 3D de resonancia magnética (RM) en relación con secuencias angiográficas TOF 3D para la detección del contacto neurovascular (CNV) entre el nervio facial y las arterias vecinas en pacientes con espasmo hemifacial esencial (EHE) y determinar la asociación entre la presencia de síntomas de EHE y el CNV y las características de imagen del CNV (tipo, número y localización).Material y métodos: Se han estudiado prospectivamente 120 ángulos pontocerebelosos (APC), 44 con clínica de EHE y 76 asintomáticos (controles), mediante el empleo de una serie axial potenciada en T2 (CISS) y una serie axial con técnica angiográfica TOF 3D con reconstrucciones MIP; 56 de estos APC tenían un estudio angiográfico TOF previo y se compararon sus resultados con los del estudio actual.Resultados: Los valores diagnósticos obtenidos fueron significativos a favor del protocolo del presente trabajo que mostró una sensibilidad del 77,27% y una especificidad del 75%. Se demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de CNV y la clínica de EHE (p<0,0001). Entre las características del CNV estudiadas, únicamente se halló una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el desplazamiento del nervio facial (dentro de tipo de CNV) y la clínica de EHE (p=0,019). Conclusiones: El protocolo de RM propuesto es sensible y válido para detectar CNV en pacientes con EHE. Los resultados de nuestro estudio apoyan la asociación entre el CNV y la clínica de EHE, si bien no se trata de una asociación simple, sino que puede estar influida por otros factores, como el desplazamiento del nervio facial producido por el CNV (AU)
Background and purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the validity of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) CISS 3D sequence associated with 3D time of flight (TOF) angiographic sequence in order to detect neurovascular contact (NVC) between the facial nerve and neighbouring arteries in patients with essential hemifacial spasm (HFS) and to determine the relationship between HFS symptoms and NVC and NVC image features (type, number and site).Materials and methods: We prospectively enrolled 120 cerebellopontine angle (CPA) MRI studies, 44 cases with HFS symptoms and 76 which were asymptomatic (controls), using axial T2-weighted (CISS) and axial 3D TOF series with associated Maximal intensity (MIP) reconstructions. Prior TOF angiographic studies were available for 56 cases without associated CISS images and the results obtained from that study were compared with the results of the current study. Results: The diagnostic values obtained significantly favoured the protocol used in this study, which demonstrated a sensitivity of 77.27% and a specificity of 75%. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of NVC and HFS symptoms (p<0,0001). Only one statistically significant relationship was found between facial nerve displacement (in type of NVC) and HFS symptoms (p=0.019).Conclusions: The proposed MRI protocol is sensitive and valid for detecting NVC in patients with HFS. The results of our study support a relationship between NVC and HFS symptoms. It is not a simple relationship, however. It may be influenced by other factors, such as displacement of the facial nerve due to NVC (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis , Clinical Protocols , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Presenting the first case of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome in the Spanish literature and to establish, using embryological studies, the period in wich superior semicircular canal dehiscence originates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 embryos and foetuses, from 6 mm to foetal maturity, were studied. The case of a patient suffering from superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is presented. RESULTS: The superior semicircular canal and the intracranial space are communicated through bony lacunae, in the period between the 24th and 28th week of foetal development, but this communication is discontinued in the 30th week. Permeability of these lacunae, later in life, could result in the development of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome. The clinical results of the surgical repair of this abnormal communication, in this particular case, using a middle fossa approach and a transmastoid approach is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome could be due to an abnormality in foetal development and its genesis, therefore, could be prenatal. Surgical repair via transmastoid approach is a reasonable alternative treatment to the middle fossa approach.
Subject(s)
Otitis Media with Effusion/complications , Otitis Media with Effusion/surgery , Semicircular Canals/embryology , Semicircular Canals/surgery , Surgical Wound Dehiscence , Adult , Cranial Fossa, Middle/diagnostic imaging , Cranial Fossa, Middle/embryology , Cranial Fossa, Middle/surgery , Humans , Male , Semicircular Canals/diagnostic imaging , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/diagnostic imaging , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vertigo/etiology , Vertigo/physiopathology , Vertigo/surgeryABSTRACT
Presentar el primer caso de síndrome de dehiscencia del canal semicular superior publicado en lengua española y establecer, con estudios embriológicos, el período embriológico implicado en la génesis del síndrome. Material y métodos: Se estudian 52 series embriológicas fetales, desde 6 mm hasta recién nacidos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que presentaba un síndrome de dehiscencia de canal semicurcular superior. Resultados: Existe una relación de continuidad, a través de lagunas óseas, entre el canal semicircular superior y el espacio intracraneal en el feto de 24 a 28 semanas pero esta relación se pierde en la semana 30. Se exponen los resultados del cierre quirúrgico de la fístula, en el paciente estudiado, con un abordaje por la fosa media y con abordaje transmastoideo. Conclusiones: El síndrome podría ser secundario a una alteración del desarrollo embriológico y, por tanto, su génesis sería prenatal. La reparación quirúrgica por vía transmastoidea es una alternativa razonable a la vía de la fosa media
Objetive: Presenting the first case of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome in the Spanish literature and to establish, using embryological studies, the period in wich superior semicircular canal dehiscence originates. Material and methods: 52 embryos and foetuses, from 6 mm to foetal maturity, were studied. The case of a patient suffering from superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is presented. Results: The superior semicircular canal and the intracranial space are communicated through bony lacunae, in the period between the 24th and 28th week of foetal development, but this communication is discontinued in the 30th week. Permeability of these lacunae, later in life, could result in the development of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome. The clinical results of the surgical repair of this abnormal communication, in this particular case, using amiddle fossa approach and a transmastoid approach is presented. Conclusions: Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome could be due to an abnormality in foetal development and its genesis, therefore, could be prenatal. Surgical repair via transmastoid approach is a reasonable alternative treatment to the middle fossa approach
