Brain clocks capture diversity and disparity in aging and dementia.

Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of multimodal diversity (geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex, neurodegeneration) on the brain age gap (BAG) is unknown. Here, we analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American countries -LAC, 8 non-LAC). Based on higher-order interactions in brain signals, we developed a BAG deep learning architecture for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI=2,953) and electroencephalography (EEG=2,353). The datasets comprised healthy controls, and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. LAC models evidenced older brain ages (fMRI: MDE=5.60, RMSE=11.91; EEG: MDE=5.34, RMSE=9.82) compared to non-LAC, associated with frontoposterior networks. Structural socioeconomic inequality and other disparity-related factors (pollution, health disparities) were influential predictors of increased brain age gaps, especially in LAC (R2=0.37, F2=0.59, RMSE=6.9). A gradient of increasing BAG from controls to mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease was found. In LAC, we observed larger BAGs in females in control and Alzheimer's disease groups compared to respective males. Results were not explained by variations in signal quality, demographics, or acquisition methods. Findings provide a quantitative framework capturing the multimodal diversity of accelerated brain aging.

Effects of Delaying the Storage of 'Hass' Avocados under a Controlled Atmosphere on Skin Color, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity.

During ripening, 'Hass' avocado skin changes from green to purple/black. Low-temperature storage with a controlled atmosphere (CA) is the most widely used method for avocado storage; however, few studies have simulated this technology and considered the days of regular air (RA) storage prior to CA storage. Herein, the effect of delaying the storage of 'Hass' avocado (>30% dry matter) in a CA was examined. Long-term storage conditions (5 °C for 50 days) corresponded to (i) regular air storage (RA), (ii) CA (4 kPa O2 and 6 kPa CO2) and (iii) 10 days in RA + 40 days in a CA and (iv) 20 days in RA + 30 days in a CA. Evaluations were performed during storage and at the ready-to-eat (RTE) stage. Skin color remained unchanged during storage, but at the RTE stage, more color development was observed for fruits stored under CA conditions, as these fruits were purple/black (>50%). At the RTE stage, the anthocyanin content increased, and compared to fruit under RA, fruit under a CA contained a five-fold greater content. A 20-day delay between harvest and CA storage increased the fruit softening rate and skin color development after cold storage, reducing the effectiveness of CA as a postharvest technology for extending storage life.

Neurocognitive correlates of semantic memory navigation in Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) reveal abnormal semantic processing. Most research, however, fails to indicate which conceptual properties are most affected and capture patients' neurocognitive profiles. Here, we asked persons with PD, healthy controls, and individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, as a disease control group) to read concepts (e.g., 'sun') and list their features (e.g., hot). Responses were analyzed in terms of ten word properties (including concreteness, imageability, and semantic variability), used for group-level comparisons, subject-level classification, and brain-behavior correlations. PD (but not bvFTD) patients produced more concrete and imageable words than controls, both patterns being associated with overall cognitive status. PD and bvFTD patients showed reduced semantic variability, an anomaly which predicted semantic inhibition outcomes. Word-property patterns robustly classified PD (but not bvFTD) patients and correlated with disease-specific hypoconnectivity along the sensorimotor and salience networks. Fine-grained semantic assessments, then, can reveal distinct neurocognitive signatures of PD.

Personas LGBT y Ciencia Ocupacional: una revisión de literatura / Pessoas LGBT e Ciência Ocupacional: uma revisão de literatura / LGBT people and Occupational Science: a literature review

Resumen Objetivo Conocer las investigaciones dentro de la Ciencia Ocupacional que involucran a la población LGBT. Metodología Se realizó una revisión de literatura utilizando las siguientes bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS y EBSCOhost y una consulta directa en el listado de referencias. Resultados Se seleccionaron 24 artículos para ser analizados y se agruparon en 3 categorías generales según el tipo de grupo perteneciente a la población LGBT que se estudió. Las categorías que fueron (1) personas trans y ocupación, (2) hombres gays y ocupación y (3) mujeres lesbianas y ocupación. Estas categorías a su vez fueron divididas en ejes temáticas específicos. Conclusion Los estudios desde la ciencia ocupacional han abarcado de forma acotada las experiencias ocupacionales de las personas LGBT. La transición ocupacional y la performatividad del género a través de la ocupación son temas que se abordan de manera transversal en la mayoría de las categorías de análisis. Se destaca una falta de enfoque interseccional en las investigaciones emergentes para poder comprender de manera más compleja la ocupación y las estructuras de exclusión y discriminación que viven las personas LGBT.

Resumo Objetivo Conhecer as investigações dentro da Ciência Ocupacional que envolvem a população LGBT. Metodologia Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS e EBSCOhost, e uma consulta direta na lista de referências. Resultados 24 artigos foram selecionados para serem analisados e agrupados em 3 categorias gerais de acordo com o tipo de grupo pertencente à população LGBT estudada. As categorias foram (1) pessoas trans e ocupação, (2) homens gays e ocupação e (3) mulheres lésbicas e ocupação. Essas categorias, por sua vez, foram divididas em eixos temáticos específicos. Conclusão Os estudos da ciência ocupacional têm abordado de forma limitada as experiências ocupacionais de pessoas LGBT. A transição ocupacional e a performatividade de gênero através da ocupação são questões abordadas de forma transversal na generalidade das categorias de análise. A falta de abordagem interseccional é destacada em pesquisas emergentes para poder compreender de forma mais complexa a ocupação e as estruturas de exclusão e discriminação vivenciadas por pessoas LGBT.

Abstract Objective To know the investigations within occupational science that involve the LGBT population. Methodology A literature review was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EBSCOhost, and a direct query in the list of references. Results 24 articles were selected to be analyzed and grouped into 3 general categories according to the type of group belonging to the LGBT population that was studied. The categories were (1) trans people and occupation, (2) gay men and occupation, and (3) lesbian women and occupation. These categories, in turn, were divided into specific thematic axes. Conclusion Occupational science studies have covered the occupational experiences of LGBT people in a limited way. Occupational transition and gender performativity through occupation are issues that are addressed transversally in most categories of analysis. A lack of intersectional approach is highlighted in emerging research to be able to understand in a more complex way the occupation and the structures of exclusion and discrimination experienced by LGBT people.

Evolución del estado nutricional en adolescentes chilenos entre el 2010 y 2019: una revisión narrativa / Evolution of nutritional status in Chilean adolescents between 2010 and 2019: a narrative review

INTRODUCCIÓN: La adolescencia es una fase crítica del crecimiento con múltiples cambios fisiológicos. Dentro de sus factores determinantes se encuentran el estado nutricional. Adicionalmente, en el año 2016 se implementó la Ley de Etiquetado Nutricional con el objetivo de asegurar una oferta saludable de alimentos. Por lo tanto, se considera relevante conocer la evolución del estado nutricional relacionado a la implementación de esta nueva ley. OBJETIVO: Describir la evolución del estado nutricional de adolescentes chilenos,durante el 2010 y 2019. MÉTODOS: Revisión narrativa, que reúne los datos utilizando bases científicas como revistas, paper e informes de Scielo, Google Académico, Scopus, Pubmed e información del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL), publicados entre los años 2010 hasta el 2019, en inglés o español. RESULTADOS: El estado nutricional normal en los adolescentes, muestra una disminución de un 10%. El porcentaje de adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso en el 2010 fue de 37.1% y en el año 2019 de 47.6%, aumentando un 10,5% en 10 años. CONCLUSIÓN: El estado nutricional de los adolescentes chilenos, entre los años 2010 y 2019, ha mostrado una evolución hacia la malnutrición por exceso, Esto podría traer consecuencias negativas en la salud y aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades asociadas a un estilo de vida poco saludable en la adultez.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a critical phase of growth with multiple physiological changes. Among its determining factors is the nutritional status. Additionally, in 2016 the Nutritional Labeling Law was implemented with the aim of ensuring a healthy food supply. Therefore, it is considered relevant to know the evolution of nutritional status related to the implementation of this new law. OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of the nutritional status of Chilean adolescents between 2010 and 2019. METHODS: Narrative review, which gathers data usings cientific data bases such as journals, papers and reports from Scielo, Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed and information from the Ministry of Health (MINSAL), published between 2010 and 2019, in English or Spanish. RESULTS: The normal nutritional status in adolescents showed a decrease of 10%. The percentage of adolescents with excess malnutrition in 2010 was 37.1% and in 2019 47.6%, increasing by 10.5% in 10 years. CONCLUSION: The nutritional status of Chilean adolescents, between 2010 and 2019, has shown an evolution towards excess malnutrition. This could have negative consequences on health and increase the risk of diseases associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in adulthood.