Advanced Injection of Botulinum Toxin in the Nasal Muscles: A Novel Dynamic Change in Facial Expression.

BACKGROUND: Among the nasal muscles, the levator labii superior alaeque nasi (LLSAN) acts as a transitional muscle that conjugates with other nasal and perinasal muscles. Thus, when treating the nasal region with Botulinum toxin (BTX), it is important to understand local nasal muscular dynamics and how they can influence the muscular dynamics of the entire face. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of cases treated by an injection pattern encompassing the face, including nasal muscles. Photographs were taken at rest and during motion (frontal and oblique views), before and after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 227 patients have been treated in the last 18 months with the following results: eyebrow tail lifting, softness of crow's feet, improvement of the drooping of the tip of the nose, and shortening of the lip philtrum when smiling. We present cases illustrating the use of this approach. CONCLUSIONS: Treating the facial muscles globally (including the frontal, corrugators, procerus, orbicularis oculi, platysma, DAO, and nasal muscles) can improve the smile and facial expressions. This is believed to occur because the elevated portion of the upper lip muscle becomes stronger as the nasal part of the LLSAN is paralyzed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Association between enhanced recovery after surgery protocol compliance and clinical complications: a cohort study

Abstract Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is composed by evidence-based interventions that aim to improve recovery through a reduction in surgical stress response. Although ERAS protocols have been introduced across the globe, exhaustive implementation is not as common. We aimed to study the ERAS protocol compliance in colorectal surgery, assessing the relationship between compliance and postoperative complications. Methods A single-center cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients admitted to elective colorectal surgery were included. We assessed study endpoints according to ERAS protocol perioperative compliance score above 75%. Our primary endpoint was a composite of postoperative events, which includes in-hospital postoperative complications and need for reoperation after 30 days and need for readmission after discharge. Secondary endpoints were surgery-to-discharge time, postoperative use of only non-opioid adjuvants and the individual components of the primary endpoint. Results A total of 224 colorectal patients were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 59.2% (n = 58) of non-compliant patients comparing to 34.1% (n = 43) in compliant patients. In univariate analysis, compliance to ERAS protocol had an inferior risk for the primary endpoint (p< 0.001). In a logistic regression model, compliance was independently associated with a reduced risk for the primary endpoint with a odds-ratio of 0.42 (95% CI 0.23-0.75, p= 0.004). Conclusion Compliance with the ERAS protocol is associated with less complications, a reduced surgery-to-discharge time and use of only non-opioid adjuvants in the postoperative period. More studies are needed to target the most appropriate compliance goal.

Association between enhanced recovery after surgery protocol compliance and clinical complications: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is composed by evidence-based interventions that aim to improve recovery through a reduction in surgical stress response. Although ERAS protocols have been introduced across the globe, exhaustive implementation is not as common. We aimed to study the ERAS protocol compliance in colorectal surgery, assessing the relationship between compliance and postoperative complications. METHODS: A single-center cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients admitted to elective colorectal surgery were included. We assessed study endpoints according to ERAS protocol perioperative compliance score above 75%. Our primary endpoint was a composite of postoperative events, which includes in-hospital postoperative complications and need for reoperation after 30 days and need for readmission after discharge. Secondary endpoints were surgery-to-discharge time, postoperative use of only non-opioid adjuvants and the individual components of the primary endpoint. RESULTS: A total of 224 colorectal patients were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 59.2% (n.á=.á58) of non-compliant patients comparing to 34.1% (n.á=.á43) in compliant patients. In univariate analysis, compliance to ERAS protocol had an inferior risk for the primary endpoint (p.á<.á0.001). In a logistic regression model, compliance was independently associated with a reduced risk for the primary endpoint with a odds-ratio of 0.42 (95% CI 0.23.Çô0.75, p.á=.á0.004). CONCLUSION: Compliance with the ERAS protocol is associated with less complications, a reduced surgery-to-discharge time and use of only non-opioid adjuvants in the postoperative period. More studies are needed to target the most appropriate compliance goal.

Effects of the use of synthetic astaxanthin in the feeding of Lophiosilurus alexandri, a neotropical siluriform fish.

Aiming to test the capacity of retention of carotenoids in tissues, Lophiosilurus alexandri juveniles were fed diets containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of synthetic astaxanthin for 62 days. The inclusion of astaxanthin did not result in significant differences in growth, weight gain, apparent feed conversion, and feed efficiency of the fish. Blood biochemistry and liver histology did not change with the different treatments. At the level of 100 mg/kg of inclusion, there were the highest levels of carotenoids in the blood, and muscle and the smallest difference between the muscle x integument ratio.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Rhizophagus clarus) and Rhizobacteria (Bacillus subtilis) Can Improve the Clonal Propagation and Development of Teak for Commercial Plantings.

The Tectona grandis L.f. (teak) is an important forest species with high economy value in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In Latin America, Brazil is one of the countries with the most cultivated areas. The cultivation of teak turns out to be challenging because of its high nutritional demand and the need for seedling production by clonal propagation that includes about 90 days in the nursery phase. The optimization of seedling production is necessary for better results in the nursery and to enhance growth in the field. In this way, the well-known advantage of using microorganisms that promote plant development appears as a potential biotechnological approach to be explored and for the implantation of new areas of wood production. In this study, the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was evaluated, and Rhizophagus clarus, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), and the co-inoculation of these microorganisms in the teak seedling production phase can improve the development of commercial plantations under field conditions. Experiments were carried out under greenhouse and field conditions to evaluate four treatments based on the substrate inoculation of the seedlings. Treatments consisted of a non-inoculated control, PGPR inoculation, AMF inoculation, and PGPR + AMF inoculation. The results of the biometric evaluation of seedlings in the greenhouse showed that there was a significant difference in AMF inoculation and PGPR + AMF inoculation in terms of the specific root length and root density treatments, there was also a positive correlation between these two treatments and the absorption of some nutrients, such as P, N, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn. This response led to an increase between 4.75 and 11.04% in the field growth rate.

Foreign Body Granuloma in the Tongue by a Pequi Spine.

Substances considered foreign to the human organism can penetrate it due to local trauma, initially causing an acute inflammatory response against these substances, involving a neutrophilic infiltrate that, when it fails to deal with these foreign bodies, ends up generating a granulomatous inflammatory response. Granuloma formation has been associated with a variety of conditions. The correct clinical and imaging diagnoses are extremely important for the dentist to choose an appropriate therapeutic approach, aiming at the best possible treatment. This work is aimed at describing a case report of a foreign body granuloma, formed on the tongue, from the penetration of a pequi spine, in a 76-year-old patient, in whom, after an imaging diagnosis with ultrasound, surgical removal of the lesion was performed, and the piece was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed the initial diagnostic hypothesis of a foreign body granuloma. The initial diagnosis of foreign body granulomas is challenging. For this reason, more sophisticated means of diagnosis such as tomography and magnetic resonance become important in the diagnosis, as they can show with greater clarity and reliability the nature of the lesion and its relationship with adjacent anatomical structures. In the case in question, an ultrasound examination was chosen, which was extremely important as an aid to diagnosis, considerably improving surgical planning. In addition, after surgical removal, the result of the histopathological analysis is essential to determine the definitive diagnosis, as it determines the granulomatous characteristic of the lesion.

Surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical samples: distribution of Leishmania guyanensis in the state of Amapá, Brazil, 2018. / Vigilância da leishmaniose cutânea em amostras clínicas: distribuição da Leishmania guyanensis no estado do Amapá, 2018.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate Leishmania species in a series of autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases in Amapá State, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: this was a descriptive ecological study carried out from January-October/2018 at a reference center for CL diagnosis in Amapá; individuals with CL receiving care from January-May/2018 were recruited; clinical data and skin biopsies were obtained; from extracted DNA (phenol-chloroform) we amplified the hsp70-234 gene region (PCR) for nucleotide sequencing (Applied Biosystems: ABI3500XL). RESULTS: 38 individuals were interviewed, examined and diagnosed; men predominated (28/38; mean age=32.5±11.3); lesions (most ulcers: 37/38) measuring 0,4-10mm (34/38) and ≥11mm (4/38) were multiple in 20/38 individuals; diagnosis of L. braziliensis (1), L. naiffi (1), L. infantum (1), L. (Viannia) sp. (1), L. amazonensis (2) and L. guyanensis (32); individuals infected with L. guyanensis (32/38) lived in 9/10 municipalities represented in the sample, and 17/32 of these had multiple lesions. CONCLUSION: presence of Leishmania guyanensis predominated and was frequently associated with multiple lesions.

Características de carcaça, órgão vomeronasal, concentrações séricas de testosterona e IGF-I em machos Nelore com ductos incisivos bloqueados / Characteristics of carcass, vomeronasal organ, serum testosterone andIGF-I concentrations in Nellore males with blocked incisor ducts

Objetivou-se avaliar características quali - quantitativas da carcaça em machos Nelore, submetidos ao bloqueio dos ductos incisivos no período pré puberal. Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações séricas de testosterona e do hormônio do crescimento semelhante a insulina do tipo I (IGF-I), e a arquitetura histológica do órgão vomeronasal (OVN). Trinta e quatro machos, no período pré puberal, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: inteiros animais controle sem qualquer procedimento (n = 11); bloqueados - animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente obstruídos (n = 10); castrados - animais com orquiepididectomia bilateral (n = 13). O OVN foi obtido no abate, ao final do experimento, para avaliação histomorfométrica. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três meses, em dois turnos (manhã e tarde), totalizando cinco avaliações. Observaram-se maiores (P<0,05) pesos corporais finais (inteiros = 494,1 ± 28,71; bloqueados = 500,6 ± 23,6 e castrados = 468,3 ± 21,8 Kg) nos inteiros e bloqueados. O acabamento da carcaça foi maior nos castrados (P<0,05) em relação aos inteiros e bloqueados, enquanto o rendimento de carcaça não apresentou diferenças entre os três tratamentos (P>0,05). Registrou-se redução da altura do epitélio neuro sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Foi registrada menor concentração de testosterona nos bloqueados nas coletas quatro e cinco à tarde (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a obstrução dos ductos incisivos reduziu os estímulos sensoriais para o OVN, que por sua vez, promoveu alteração na concentração sérica de testosterona, sem alterar o ganho de peso dos animais, porém, não promoveu melhoria na qualidade da carcaça nas condições deste estudo.(AU)

A total of 34 prepuberal Nellore males were divided into three groups: control animals without any procedure (n = 11); blocked - with bilaterally incisors ducts obstructed (n = 10); castrated - with bilateral orchiectomy (n = 13). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blocking the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Also, this study aimed to evaluate testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) serum concentration, and the histological architecture of the OVN. Blood samples were taken every three months during two daily collections (morning and afternoon), totalizing five evaluations. It was observed higher (P<0.05) final body weight (control= 494.1 ± 28.71; blocked = 500.6 ± 23.6; castrated = 468.3 ± 21.8 kg) at the control and blocked groups. Carcass finishing was higher in castrated animals (P <0.05), while carcass yield did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) of the VNO sensory epithelium height in blocked and castrated groups compared with control group. It was registered lower (P<0.05) serum testosterone concentration in blocked group at the fourth and fifth blood collection (afternoon). It was concluded that the obstruction of the incisive ducts reduced the sensorial stimuli for the OVN, which, in turn, promoted a change in the serum concentration of testosterone, without altering the weight gain of the animals, but did not promote improvement in the quality of the carcass under the conditions of this study.(AU)

Características de carcaça, órgão vomeronasal, concentrações séricas de testosterona e IGF-I em machos Nelore com ductos incisivos bloqueados / Characteristics of carcass, vomeronasal organ, serum testosterone andIGF-I concentrations in Nellore males with blocked incisor ducts

Objetivou-se avaliar características quali - quantitativas da carcaça em machos Nelore, submetidos ao bloqueio dos ductos incisivos no período pré puberal. Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações séricas de testosterona e do hormônio do crescimento semelhante a insulina do tipo I (IGF-I), e a arquitetura histológica do órgão vomeronasal (OVN). Trinta e quatro machos, no período pré puberal, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: inteiros – animais controle sem qualquer procedimento (n = 11); bloqueados - animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente obstruídos (n = 10); castrados - animais com orquiepididectomia bilateral (n = 13). O OVN foi obtido no abate, ao final do experimento, para avaliação histomorfométrica. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três meses, em dois turnos (manhã e tarde), totalizando cinco avaliações. Observaram-se maiores (P0,05). Registrou-se redução da altura do epitélio neuro sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Foi registrada menor concentração de testosterona nos bloqueados nas coletas quatro e cinco à tarde (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a obstrução dos ductos incisivos reduziu os estímulos sensoriais para o OVN, que por sua vez, promoveu alteração na concentração sérica de testosterona, sem alterar o ganho de peso dos animais, porém, não promoveu melhoria na qualidade da carcaça nas condições deste estudo.

A total of 34 prepuberal Nellore males were divided into three groups: control – animals without any procedure (n = 11); blocked - with bilaterally incisors ducts obstructed (n = 10); castrated - with bilateral orchiectomy (n = 13). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blocking the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Also, this study aimed to evaluate testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) serum concentration, and the histological architecture of the OVN. Blood samples were taken every three months during two daily collections (morning and afternoon), totalizing five evaluations. It was observed higher (P 0.05). It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) of the VNO sensory epithelium height in blocked and castrated groups compared with control group. It was registered lower (P<0.05) serum testosterone concentration in blocked group at the fourth and fifth blood collection (afternoon). It was concluded that the obstruction of the incisive ducts reduced the sensorial stimuli for the OVN, which, in turn, promoted a change in the serum concentration of testosterone, without altering the weight gain of the animals, but did not promote improvement in the quality of the carcass under the conditions of this study.

Características de carcaça, órgão vomeronasal, concentrações séricas de testosterona e IGF-I em machos Nelore com ductos incisivos bloqueados / Characteristics of carcass, vomeronasal organ, serum testosterone and IGF-I concentrations in Nellore males with blocked incisor ducts

Objetivou-se avaliar características quali - quantitativas da carcaça em machos Nelore, submetidos ao bloqueio dos ductos incisivos no período pré puberal. Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações séricas de testosterona e do hormônio do crescimento semelhante a insulina do tipo I (IGF-I), e a arquitetura histológica do órgão vomeronasal (OVN). Trinta e quatro machos, no período pré puberal, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: inteiros ­ animais controle sem qualquer procedimento (n = 11); bloqueados - animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente obstruídos (n = 10); castrados - animais com orquiepididectomia bilateral (n = 13). O OVN foi obtido no abate, ao final do experimento, para avaliação histomorfométrica. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três meses, em dois turnos (manhã e tarde), totalizando cinco avaliações. Observaram-se maiores (P<0,05) pesos corporais finais (inteiros = 494,1 ± 28,71; bloqueados = 500,6 ± 23,6 e castrados = 468,3 ± 21,8 Kg) nos inteiros e bloqueados. O acabamento da carcaça foi maior nos castrados (P<0,05) em relação aos inteiros e bloqueados, enquanto o rendimento de carcaça não apresentou diferenças entre os três tratamentos (P>0,05). Registrou-se redução da altura do epitélio neuro sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Foi registrada menor concentração de testosterona nos bloqueados nas coletas quatro e cinco à tarde (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a obstrução dos ductos incisivos reduziu os estímulos sensoriais para o OVN, que por sua vez, promoveu alteração na concentração sérica de testosterona, sem alterar o ganho de peso dos animais, porém, não promoveu melhoria na qualidade da carcaça nas condições deste estudo.

A total of 34 prepuberal Nellore males were divided into three groups: control ­ animals without any procedure (n = 11); blocked - with bilaterally incisors ducts obstructed (n = 10); castrated - with bilateral orchiectomy (n = 13). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blocking the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Also, this study aimed to evaluate testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) serum concentration, and the histological architecture of the OVN. Blood samples were taken every three months during two daily collections (morning and afternoon), totalizing five evaluations. It was observed higher (P<0.05) final body weight (control= 494.1 ± 28.71; blocked = 500.6 ± 23.6; castrated = 468.3 ± 21.8 kg) at the control and blocked groups. Carcass finishing was higher in castrated animals (P <0.05), while carcass yield did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) of the VNO sensory epithelium height in blocked and castrated groups compared with control group. It was registered lower (P<0.05) serum testosterone concentration in blocked group at the fourth and fifth blood collection (afternoon). It was concluded that the obstruction of the incisive ducts reduced the sensorial stimuli for the OVN, which, in turn, promoted a change in the serum concentration of testosterone, without altering the weight gain of the animals, but did not promote improvement in the quality of the carcass under the conditions of this study.

Excisional Biopsy of the Pyogenic Granuloma in Very High-Risk Patient.

Oral surgery to remove pyogenic granuloma in a high-risk patient is reported. A 47-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes mellitus II, dyslipidemia, and chronic coronary insufficiency (myocardial infarction within 2 years) with episodes of unstable angina was submitted to an excisional biopsy of hemorrhagic lesion in the lingual right mandibular gingiva. During dental treatment, the arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were monitored. Local anesthesia was performed with 0.45 ml of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/ml felypressin. The anticoagulant therapy was not interrupted. No local or systemic complications were noticed during or after the surgery.

Uso de aminas bioativas na dieta de aves de corte: uma revisão / Use of bioactive amines in the cutting bird diet: a review

Aminas bioativas vêm, ao longo dos anos, despertando o interesse dos pesquisadores no que se refere aos benefícios e aos prejuízos da sua presença ou mesmo do seu uso intencional, principalmente na alimentação de aves de corte, refletindo posteriormente na qualidade da carne produzida pelas mesmas. A presença de determinadas aminas em rações de aves de corte pode beneficiar e acelerar o desenvolvimento das mesmas, no entanto, quando presente em níveis elevados pode retardar o crescimento, causar disfunções metabólicas ou mesmo a morte dos animais. Estudos vêm sendo realizados a fim de definir quantidades ideais e tipos de aminas a ser adicionada à dieta a fim de propiciar um desenvolvimento adequado às aves sem, no entanto, apresentar resíduos na carne das mesmas.

Uso de aminas bioativas na dieta de aves de corte: uma revisão

Aminas bioativas vêm, ao longo dos anos, despertando o interesse dos pesquisadores no que se refere aos benefícios e aos prejuízos da sua presença ou mesmo do seu uso intencional, principalmente na alimentação de aves de corte, refletindo posteriormente na qualidade da carne produzida pelas mesmas. A presença de determinadas aminas em rações de aves de corte pode beneficiar e acelerar o desenvolvimento das mesmas, no entanto, quando presente em níveis elevados pode retardar o crescimento, causar disfunções metabólicas ou mesmo a morte dos animais. Estudos vêm sendo realizados a fim de definir quantidades ideais e tipos de aminas a ser adicionada à dieta a fim de propiciar um desenvolvimento adequado às aves sem, no entanto, apresentar resíduos na carne das mesmas.(AU)

Bioactive amines have, over the years, attracting the interest of researchers in relation to the benefits and harms of their presence or even their intentional use, especially in feeding broilers, later reflecting on the quality of meat produced by them. The presence of certain amines in diets of broilers can benefit and accelerate their development. However, when present at high levels may retard growth, cause metabolic dysfunction or death of the animals. Studies have been conducted to define optimal amounts and types of amines to be added to the diet in order to provide adequate support for poultry development without, however, presenting the same residues in meat.(AU)

Desempenho e qualidade de carcaça de diferentes grupos genéticos de bovinos de corte criados a pasto no norte de Minas Gerais / Performance and carcass quality of different genetic groups of beef cattle raised in Minas Gerais

Com o objetivo de avaliar o ganho de peso, o rendimento, a tipificação e os componentes não integrantes de carcaças de diferentes cruzamentos entre bovinos de corte, foram avaliados 55 bovinos machos inteiros em uma fazenda localizada no município de ltacarambi, Norte de Minas Gerais, sendo nove animais da raça Nelore (NE), dez Y2 sangue Pardo Suíço-Nelore (PN), dez Y2 sangue Limousin-Nelore (LN), nove Y2 sangue Tabapuã- Nelore (TN), sete Y2 sangue Simental-Nelore (SN) e dez % sangue Nelore-Red Angus (NR) com pesos iniciais de 200, 236, 231,5, 189, 213,38 e 187 kg, respectivamente, todos criados a pasto. Pesagens em jejum no início (202 ± 19 dias de idade) e término do experimento (712 ± 19 dias) permitiram os cálculos de ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD). Ao abate foram pesados a carcaça e os componentes não carcaça e calculado o rendimento de carcaça. As carcaças foram tipificadas conforme os parâmetros normatizados pela Portaria n° 612, de 05 de outubro de 1989. O GPMD e o peso ao abate foram maiores para os LN (512,74 g e 721 kg), PN (504,90 g e 717 kg) e SN (507,56 g e 721 kg). Os animais LN apresentaram maior rendimento de carcaça (53,87 %) e os componentes couro, cabeça + língua, mocotó e o trato-gastrointestinal foram os itens que mais interferiram nesse resultado. Conclui-se que o melhor grupo genético avaliado é o cruzamento industrial Limousin- Nelore. (AU)

In order to assess weight gain, income, classification and components not members of carcass of different crossbreeding between beef cattle, were evaluated 55 cattle bulls on a farm in the municipality of ltacarambi, North of Minas Gerais. Nine Nelore (NE), ten 'h blood Nelore-Braunvieh (PN), ten 'h blood Nelore-Limousin (LN) , nine lh blood Tabapuã-Nelore (TN), seven 'h blood Simmental-Nelore (SN) and ten .3J,t blood Nelore-Red Angus (NR) weightings at lhe beginning 200, 236, 231,5, 189, 213,38 e 187 kg, respectively, all raised on pasture. Weightings fasted on the beginning (202 ± 19 days of age) and end of the experiment (712 ± 19 days) allowed the calculation of average daily weight gain (DWG). At slaughter the body parts were weighed and calculated carcass yield. The carcasses were graded according to standardized parameters by Ordinance No. 612 of October 5, 1989. The DWG and weight at slaughter were higher for LN (512.74 g and 721 kg), PN (504.90 g and 717 kg) and SN (507.56 g and 721 kg). LN animals had higher carcass yield (53.87%) and the components leather, head + language, feet and gastrointestinal tract - were the items that mostly affected this result. It is concluded that the best genetic group evaluated is the industrial crossbreeding Limousin- Nellore. (AU)

Yeasts and hygienic-sanitary microbial indicators in water buffalo mozzarella produced and commercialized in Minas Gerais, Brazil

The aim of this work was to study the yeast populations and the main hygienic-sanitary microbial indicators in water buffalo mozzarella produced and commercialized in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-two water buffalo mozzarella samples were purchased from retail outlets in Belo Horizonte. In addition, five samples of consecutive starter cultures, curd before acidification, acidified curd and mozzarella were collected at an industry in the city of Oliveira. Only three of the five water samples analyzed were suitable for consumption according to Brazilian sanitary standards. Four milk samples were highly contaminated with fecal coliforms, and did not meet the minimal hygienic-sanitary standards according to Brazilian regulations. Only one sample of buffalo muzzarela purchased from retail outlets exceeded the limit for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Eleven samples showed counts of thermotolerant coliforms higher than5x 10³ CFU.g-1, but still lower than the maximum permitted by the Brazilian laws. Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated. Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida lusitaniae and C. parapsilosis were the prevalent yeast species isolated from cheese. Among samples from the production stages, the acidified curd presented the highest numbers of yeasts, with C. catenulata being the most frequent species isolated. Some opportunistic yeast species such as C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. catenulata, C. rugosa and C. krusei occurred in the mozzarella cheese samples analyzed. The mozzarella cheese presented a low microbial load as compared to other cheese already studied, and the yeast biota included species typical of cheese and also opportunistic pathogens.

Yeasts and hygienic-sanitary microbial indicators in water buffalo mozzarella produced and commercialized in Minas Gerais, Brazil

The aim of this work was to study the yeast populations and the main hygienic-sanitary microbial indicators in water buffalo mozzarella produced and commercialized in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-two water buffalo mozzarella samples were purchased from retail outlets in Belo Horizonte. In addition, five samples of consecutive starter cultures, curd before acidification, acidified curd and mozzarella were collected at an industry in the city of Oliveira. Only three of the five water samples analyzed were suitable for consumption according to Brazilian sanitary standards. Four milk samples were highly contaminated with fecal coliforms, and did not meet the minimal hygienic-sanitary standards according to Brazilian regulations. Only one sample of buffalo muzzarela purchased from retail outlets exceeded the limit for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Eleven samples showed counts of thermotolerant coliforms higher than5x 10³ CFU.g-1, but still lower than the maximum permitted by the Brazilian laws. Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated. Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida lusitaniae and C. parapsilosis were the prevalent yeast species isolated from cheese. Among samples from the production stages, the acidified curd presented the highest numbers of yeasts, with C. catenulata being the most frequent species isolated. Some opportunistic yeast species such as C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. catenulata, C. rugosa and C. krusei occurred in the mozzarella cheese samples analyzed. The mozzarella cheese presented a low microbial load as compared to other cheese already studied, and the yeast biota included species typical of cheese and also opportunistic pathogens.(AU)

Enumeração de Campylobacter spp. e presença de Campylobacter jejuni em carcaças de frango no estado de Minas Gerais / Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. and presence of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler carcasses in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Campilobacteriose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, com repercussões importantes na saúde pública e um grande impacto socioeconômico. As rotas de transmissão ao homem das espécies de Campylobacter são o contato direto com animais portadores, água ou alimentos contaminados e é mais comumente associado ao consumo de carne de frango. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e enumerar Campylobacter spp. por um método rápido (SimPlate®) e pelo método convencional (plaqueamento direto em ágar mCCD), determinando a frequência e o nível de contaminação em 75 amostras de carcaças de frangos (25 Pré-chiller e 25 Pós-chiller obtidos em abatedouros sob inspeção federal no Estado de Minas Gerais e 25 amostras congeladas, coletadas no comércio verejista). As amostras avaliadas, independentemente do método utilizado, apresentaram Campylobacter spp. em 56,0% das carcaças antes do chiller e 44,0% após o chiller. A contagem das amostras congeladas se apresentou abaixo do limite de detecção do método. Das 75 amostras testadas, 34,7% foram positivas para Campylobacter spp. Das amostras positivas, 38,5% foram identificadas como C. jejuni e, entre estas, o maior número de C. jejuni foi obtido nas carcaças de frango antes do chiller (42,9%), seguido de carcaça de frango após o chiller (36,4%). O estudo mostrou que a detecção e enumeração é variável, embora em nenhuma das amostras destinadas ao comércio foram obtidas contagens acima da dose infectante estabelecida. O uso do SimPlate® foi adequado e equivalente ao plaqueamento direto em ágar mCCD e apresentou uma melhor taxa de recuperação de células de Campylobacter spp.

Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis, with significant repercussions on public health and with a high socioeconomic impact. Routes of transmission of Campylobacter species to man are direct contact with carrier animals, contaminated water or food and it is most commonly associated with consumption of chicken meat. The objective of this study was to detect and enumerate the Campylobacter spp. by a rapid method (SimPlate®) and and conventional method (direct plating on mCCDA) and determine frequency and level of contamination in 75 broiler carcasses (25 pre-chill; 25 post-chill at establishments under federal inspection in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and 25 frozen broiler carcass samples taken from the retail trade). Evaluated samples, regardless of the technique used, detected the presence of Campylobacter spp. in 56.0% before the chiller and 44.0% after the chiller. Counts of the frozen samples were below the detection limit of the method. Of the 75 samples tested, 34.7% were positive for Campylobacter spp. and that, 38.5% were identified as C. jejuni. Among them, the largest number of C. jejuni obtained was from the carcass of the chicken before the chiller (42.9%), followed by chicken carcass after the chiller (36.4%). The study showed that the detection and enumeration is variable, although in none of the samples intended for trade has been obtained scores above the infective dose. The use of SimPlate® technique was appropriate and equivalent to direct plating on agar mCCD and showed a better recovery rate cells of Campylobacter spp..