[Cerebral hemodynamic disorders in patients with schizophrenia with concomitant metabolic syndrome]. / Tserebral'nye gemodinamicheskie narusheniya u bol'nykh shizofreniei s metabolicheskim sindromom.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the differences or comparability of parameters of cerebral hemodynamics between patients with schizophrenia with or without concomitant metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 94 patients with schizophrenia (48 men and 46 women). A control group consisted of 40 mentally and somatically healthy individuals (17 men and 23 women) comparable in sex and age to the main group of patients. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was carried out according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Assessment of cerebral hemodynamics was carried out by 4 - channel rheoencephalography (REG) at rest with closed eyes. Data analysis was carried out using the Kraskel-Wallis ANOVA criterion with the procedure of automatic a posteriori pairwise comparison, the χ2 criterion and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: According to the IDF criteria, 37 (39.4%) patients were diagnosed with MS. REG results revealed significantly (p<0.05) lower indicators of blood filling in the carotid basin, elasticity of the wall of the main arteries, the tone of small-caliber arteries and arterioles, as well as higher values of the tone of medium-caliber arteries in the carotid and vertebrobasilar basins, in both groups of patients with schizophrenia compared with the control group. In patients with schizophrenia with MS, compared with patients without MS, there were lower indicators of blood filling (p=0.044 and p=0.016) and elasticity of the wall of the main arteries (p=0.044 and p=0.028) in the carotid basin on the left and right sides. CONCLUSION: The presence of MS in patients with schizophrenia was accompanied by more pronounced disorders of cerebral blood flow in the form of a decrease in blood filling and elasticity of the wall of the main arteries in the carotid basin. The results indicate that patients with schizophrenia with MS should be considered as a group at increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases.

[The relationship between the functional state of the brain and clinical and constitutional factors in schizophrenia]. / Svyaz' funktsional'nogo sostoyaniya golovnogo mozga s klinicheskimi i konstitutsional'nymi faktorami pri shizofrenii.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationships of functional changes of the brain of patients with schizophrenia with clinical manifestations of the disease and their constitutional and morphological features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eighteen patients with schizophrenia (64 men and 54 women), aged 33 [29; 40], years were examined. The following clinical and dynamic parameters were used: age of manifestation of the disease, duration of the disease, severity of clinical and psychopathological symptoms according to the PANSS. The anthropometric examination of patients was carried out according to V.V. Bunak's method in V.P. Chitetsov's modification for adult samples with calculation of Rees-Eysenk and Tanner indices. The EEG was recorded and analyzed in a state of calm, relaxed wakefulness with closed eyes with the calculation of the absolute spectral power for theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (14-30 Hz) rhythms. RESULTS: Significant (p<0.05) direct correlations between the age of the disease manifestation and the spectral power of the beta rhythm in the frontal leads (Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F4) were revealed. Inverse correlations (p<0.05) were found between the duration of the disease in patients with schizophrenia and the spectral power of the alpha rhythm in the left temporal (T3) and right central leads (C4), the spectral power of the beta rhythm in the parietal-occipital (P3, P4, O1,O2) and temporal leads (T3, T4, T5), the spectral power of the theta rhythm in the left occipital (O1) and posterior temporal leads (T5). Significant inverse correlations were also found between the Tanner index and the spectral power of the alpha rhythm in the frontal and temporal leads, between the Rees-Eysenk index and the spectral power of the theta rhythm in the frontal leads. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the presence of the conjugation of functional changes in the brain of patients with schizophrenia with clinical manifestations of the disease and their constitutional and morphological features. Thus, the assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system in patients with schizophrenia is an important component of the diagnostic search.

[Features of decision-making in patients with alcohol dependence]. / Osobennosti prinyatiya reshenii u bol'nykh alkogol'noi zavisimost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To identify electroencephalographic correlates of decision-making features in patients with alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty men with alcohol dependence were examined as the main group. Thirty people were examined as a control group. The Cambridge Gambling Task and the Iowa Gambling Task were used to study decision-making functions. Additionally, a background electroencephalogram was recorded with the calculation of absolute spectral power indicators. RESULTS: In the main group, the relatively higher indicators of decision-making logic (65 [50; 80]%, p<0.05) were associated with larger values of the spectral power of the theta and alpha rhythm of the electroencephalogram in the central and parietal-occipital leads (R=0.426, p=0.019; R=0.418, p=0.022; R=0.394, p=0.028 and R=0.445, p=0.014; R=0.458, p=0.011; R=0.382, p=0.035, respectively). Difficulties in making decisions based on emotional learning in patients with alcohol dependence were associated with larger values of the spectral power of the beta rhythm of the electroencephalogram in the temporal leads. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the deficit of decision-making functions in patients with alcohol dependence may be due to an imbalance of the excitation/inhibition mechanisms in the brain.

[Cerebral hemodynamics and executive functioning in patients with alcohol use disorders]. / Tserebral'naya gemodinamika i ispolnitel'noe funktsionirovanie u bol'nykh s alkogol'noi zavisimost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To study the cerebral hemodynamics and executive functioning in patients with alcohol use disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 58 patients with alcohol use disorders aged 30 to 55 years and 40 healthy controls. Rheoencephalography was used to detect cerebrovascular changes. Executive functioning was assessed using the Go-No-Go, Corsi, and Color Stroop tests. RESULTS: Patients with alcohol use disorders have higher values of the tone of resistive vessels and medium - caliber arteries, as well as lower indicators of volumetric pulse blood filling and elastic properties of the main arteries in both right and left leads compared with the controls (p≤0.003). Patients with alcohol dependence had lower rates in all studied cognitive tests compared to the norm (p≤0.011). We also found statistically significant correlations between the studied parameters in patients with alcohol use disorders: a decrease in volumetric pulse blood filling correlated with impaired psychomotor response in the Go-No-Go task (errors on the Go signal) (rs=-0.36; p=0.048), as well as cognitive flexibility in the Stroop test (rs=-0.40; p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Disturbances of the psychomotor reaction and cognitive flexibility in alcohol dependence are due to the regional changes (decrease) in cerebral blood flow, as well as to a decrease in the elasticity of the wall of cerebral vessels.