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5.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 218(2): 49-57, mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171161

ABSTRACT

Justificación. El síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) requiere una mejora de la precisión diagnóstica mediante herramientas útiles, seguras y fácilmente aplicables. Objetivos. Obtener una escala de valoración para el diagnóstico de SCA en pacientes con dolor torácico y electrocardiograma y concentraciones de troponina no diagnósticas. Métodos. Estudio de cohortes prospectivo que incluyó 286 pacientes atendidos en Urgencias por dolor torácico, con electrocardiograma y troponina normales. Mediante regresión logística múltiple se obtuvieron las variables independientes predictoras del diagnóstico de SCA. El poder discriminativo de la escala de valoración se evaluó mediante el área bajo la curva ROC. Resultados. El diagnóstico de SCA se confirmó en 103 pacientes (36%). El modelo predictivo final incluyó 3 variables: antecedentes personales de enfermedad coronaria, hiperlipidemia y una puntuación en la escala de Geleijnse≥6 puntos. El área bajo la curva ROC para el modelo obtenido fue de 0,90 (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 0,85-0,93). Un umbral de 5 puntos obtuvo una sensibilidad del 76,7% (IC 95% 68-84), una especificidad del 91,8% (IC 95% 87-95), un cociente de probabilidad positivo de 9,36 (IC 95% 5,70-15,40), un cociente de probabilidad negativo de 0,25 (18,00-36,00) y una precisión diagnóstica global del 86,4% (IC 95% 82-90).El modelo predictivo fue superior a la escala de Geleijnse aislada. Conclusiones. La escala de puntuación obtenida mostró una buena capacidad discriminativa para el diagnóstico de SCA, por lo que podría ser de interés para identificar el SCA en los servicios de Urgencias. No obstante, se precisa su validación mediante estudios multicéntricos más amplios (AU)


Rationale. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires improved diagnostic accuracy through useful, safe and easy-to-apply tools. Objectives. To obtain an assessment scale for the diagnosis of ACS in patients with chest pain and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram and troponin concentrations. Methods. A prospective cohort study included 286 patients treated in the emergency department for chest pain, with normal electrocardiogram and troponin levels. Using multiple logistic regression, we obtained the independent predictors for the diagnosis of ACS. The assessment scale's discriminative power was assessed with the area under the ROC curve. Results. The diagnosis of ACS was confirmed in 103 patients (36%). The final predictive model included 3 endpoints: a history of coronary artery disease, hyperlipidaemia and a score≥6 points on the Geleijnse scale. The area under the ROC curve for the final model was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.85-0.93). A threshold of 5 points achieved a sensitivity of 76.7% (95% CI 68-84), a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 87-95), a positive likelihood ratio of 9.36 (95% CI 5.70-15.40), a negative likelihood ratio of 0.25 (95% CI 18.00-36.00) and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 86.4% (95% CI 82-90). The predictive model was superior to the Geleijnse scale alone. Conclusions. The final scale showed good discriminative capacity for diagnosing ACS and could therefore be of interest for identifying ACS in emergency departments. Nevertheless, the scale needs to be validated in larger multicentre studies (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Chest Pain/diagnosis , Biomarkers/analysis , Electrocardiography , Reproducibility of Results , Emergency Treatment/methods , Prospective Studies , Troponin/analysis
6.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 217(5): 252-259, jun.-jul. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163007

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Comprobar la frecuencia de 3 gestos realizados con las manos por los pacientes con dolor torácico y determinar su validez diagnóstica en el síndrome coronario agudo. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de 383 pacientes adultos asistidos en un servicio de urgencias por dolor torácico. Se observó la realización de determinados signos gestuales con las manos, previamente referidos en la literatura médica como característicos de dolor coronario (gesto 1: mano en puño dispuesta sobre zona esternal o signo de Levine; gesto 2: mano abierta situada en la misma localización; gesto 3: ambas manos colocadas en el centro del tórax), así como la de otros gestos. Se analizó su asociación con el origen coronario del dolor. Resultados. En 164 (43%) pacientes se confirmó el origen coronario del dolor (grupo SCA), y en 219 (57%) no se confirmó (grupo no SCA). Un 89% de pacientes identificaron su dolor con alguno de los 3 gestos clásicos. El más frecuente fue el 2, tanto globalmente (59%) como por grupos (60% grupo SCA; 57,5% grupo no SCA). No hubo asociación significativa entre el tipo de gesto realizado y el diagnóstico final (p=0,172). La mayor especificidad correspondió al signo de Levine (90%), seguida de otros gestos (86%) y del gesto 3 (81%). Conclusiones. Aunque el 89% de los pacientes expresaron el dolor torácico con alguno de los 3 gestos manuales clásicamente asociados al dolor coronario, ninguno de ellos alcanzó suficiente precisión diagnóstica para ser utilizado como indicativo de este tipo de dolor (AU)


Objectives. To determine the frequency of 3 hand gestures by patients with chest pain and determine the diagnostic validity of the gestures in acute coronary syndrome. Patients and methods. A prospective study was conducted on 383 adult patients treated for chest pain in an emergency department. We observed certain hand gestures, previously referred to in the medical literature as characteristic of coronary pain (gesture 1: a clenched fist held over the sternal area or Levine's sign; gesture 2: open hand located over the same area; gesture 3: both hands placed in the centre of the chest), as well as other gestures. We analysed their association with the coronary origin of the pain. Results. We confirmed the coronary origin of the pain in 164 (43%) patients (ACS group). The other 219 patients (57%) did not have a coronary origin for the pain (nonACS group). Eighty-nine percent of the patients identified their pain with one of the 3 classical gestures. The most frequent gesture was number 2, both overall (59%) and by group (60% ACS group; 57.5% nonACS group). There was no significant association between the type of gesture and the final diagnosis (P=.172). The greater specificity corresponded to Levine's sign (90%), followed by other gestures (86%) and gesture 3 (81%). Conclusions. Although 89% of the patients expressed their chest pain with one of the 3 manual gestures classically associated with coronary pain, none achieved sufficient diagnostic accuracy to be used as indicative of this type of pain (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Reproducibility of Results/standards , Chest Pain/diagnosis , Posture , Gestures , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Emergency Medicine/methods , Emergency Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Sensitivity and Specificity , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(74): e67-e73, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-164182

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una niña de diez años que sufrió un síncope durante el esfuerzo y que fue diagnosticada de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica. Es una canalopatía arritmógena que puede desencadenar arritmias ventriculares graves y alto riesgo de muerte súbita en pacientes jóvenes con un corazón de estructura normal. El síncope es un problema médico común, con una prevalencia estimada del 40% en la población general. Suele tener una evolución benigna, aunque en un 2-3% también puede relacionarse con eventos cardiacos y ser un síntoma de posibilidad de muerte súbita. La anamnesis es esencial para identificar las causas y mecanismos desencadenantes y orientar las pruebas diagnósticas a realizar. En este caso la ergometría fue la prueba diagnóstica, ya que puso en evidencia la arritmia. La decisión sobre la aptitud deportiva será individualizada y dependerá de la etiología del síncope. Se debe establecer el pronóstico y valorar la posibilidad de recurrencias y de muerte súbita y evitar los diagnósticos erróneos tanto de contraindicación como de aptitud deportiva (AU)


We present the case of a 10-year-old girl who suffered syncope during the effort, who was diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. It is an arrhythmogenic channelopathy that can trigger severe ventricular arrhythmias and has a high risk of sudden death in young patients witch normal heart structure. Syncope is a common medical problem, with an estimated prevalence of 40% in the general population. It usually has a benign course, although 2-3% can also be related to cardiac events and be a symptom of possibility of sudden death. The anamnesis is essential to identify the causes and trigger mechanisms and guide the diagnostic tests to be performed. In this case, the ergometry was the diagnostic test, since it showed the arrhythmia. The decision about the sport aptitude will be individualized and will depend on the aetiology of the syncope. The prognosis should be established and the possibility of recurrences and sudden death should be assessed and the misdiagnosis of both contraindication and sports aptitude should be avoided (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Syncope/complications , Syncope/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Nadolol/therapeutic use , Ergometry/instrumentation , Ergometry/methods , Physical Exertion/physiology , Hypotension, Orthostatic/complications , Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnosis , Syncope/classification , Syncope/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential
9.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 39(2): 291-293, mayo-ago. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156084

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis intestinal es mucho menos frecuente que la pulmonar. Además, tanto su presentación como el aspecto endoscópico son muy variados, de modo que la sospecha diagnóstica debe ser elevada para un diagnóstico precoz y para evitar la posible yatrogenia. Con el tratamiento antituberculoso convencional la evolución, tanto clínica como endoscópica, suele ser excelente, quedando la cirugía relegada como tratamiento para las complicaciones. Presentamos un caso de tuberculosis cecal diagnosticada endoscópicamente, la segunda diagnosticada en unos meses en nuestro centro. En este caso no había factores de riesgo como viajes recientes, contactos con infectados ni toma de fármacos inmunosupresores (AU)


Intestinal tuberculosis is less common than pulmonary tuberculosis. Its clinical and endoscopic features are nonspecific, so diagnostic suspicion must be high in order to make an early diagnosis and prevent iatrogenia. Pharmacotherapy is often effective, with an excellent clinical and endoscopic evolution. Surgical treatment is reserved for complications. We present the case of cecal tuberculosis diagnosed endoscopically; this is the second case diagnosed in a few months in our center. In this case there were no risk factors, such as recent travel, risk of contacts or inmunosupression (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal/diagnosis , Cecal Diseases/diagnosis , Colonic Diseases/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal/epidemiology , Early Diagnosis , Risk Factors
10.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 39(1): 115-122, ene.-abr. 2016. tab, *bgraf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-152687

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: La obstrucción intestinal es una de las urgencias quirúrgicas más frecuentes. Su diagnóstico se basa esencialmente en la historia clínica, la exploración física y las pruebas de imagen. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el valor diagnóstico de reactantes de fase aguda en en la obstrucción intestinal y discernir su naturaleza benigna versus maligna. Método: Se ha realizado un estudio de cohortes histórico sobre 53 pacientes sometidos a cirugía por obstrucción intestinal y/o cáncer colorrectal no obstructivo. Los pacientes se encuadraron en 3 grupos: grupo 1 (cáncer colorrectal con obstrucción intestinal) (n=23), grupo 2 (obstrucción intestinal benigna) (n=10) y grupo 3 (cáncer de colon no obstructivo) (n= 20). Se determinan los valores plasmáticos iniciales de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y el enzima lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH). Resultados: La PCR se elevó cuantitativamente más en pacientes con obstrucción intestinal benigna (grupo 2) (p=0,001), mientras que la LDH en el grupo 1 (pacientes con cáncer obstructivo). Los niveles plasmáticos de LDH fueron significativamente mayores en los grupos con obstrucción intestinal (Grupos 1 y 2) que en pacientes sin obstrucción (p<0,001). Niveles plasmáticos de PCR mayores de 11 mg/l y de LDH mayores de 317 U/L mostraron una validez diagnóstica aceptable para diferenciar los pacientes con obstrucción intestinal, con áreas bajo la curva ROC de 80% (IC 95% = 68- 92%) y de 86% (IC 95%= 75-96%) respectivamente. Su validez diagnóstica para diferenciar el origen benigno o maligno es menor, con áreas bajo la curva ROC de 56% para niveles de PCR > 24 ng/l (IC 95% = 30-82%) y de 52% (IC 95% = 29-74%) para niveles de LDH > 359 U/L. Conclusión: La determinación de las concentraciones plasmáticas de la PCR y la LDH pueden ayudar al diagnóstico de la obstrucción intestinal y orientar hacia su origen benigno o maligno en los servicios de urgencias (AU)


Background: Intestinal obstruction is one of the most frequent surgical emergencies. Its diagnosis is essentially based on clinical history, physical exploration and image tests. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic value of acute phase reactants in patients with benign versus malign intestinal obstruction. Method: Historical cohort study of 53 patients who underwent surgery because of intestinal obstruction and/or non-obstructive colorectal cancer. The patients were placed in three groups: group 1 (colorectal cancer with intestinal obstruction) (n=23), group 2 (benign intestinal obstruction) (n=10) and group 3 (non-obstructive cancer of the colon) (n=20). We determined the initial plasma values of the Creactive protein (CRP) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme. Results: CRP was quantitatively higher in patients with benign intestinal obstruction (group 2) (p=0.001), while LDH was quantitatively higher in group 1 (patients with obstructive cancer). The plasma levels of LDH were significantly greater in the groups with intestinal obstruction (groups 1 and 2) than in patients without obstruction (p<0.001). Plasma levels of CRP above 11 mg/l and of LDH above 317 U/L showed an acceptable diagnostic value for differentiating patients with intestinal obstruction, with areas under the ROC curve of 80% (CI 95% = 68-92%) and 86% (CI 95%= 75-96%) respectively. Their diagnostic value for differentiating benign or malign origin is lower, with areas under the ROC curve of 56% for levels of CRP > 24 ng/l (CI 95% = 30-82%) and 52% (CI 95% = 29-74%) for levels of LDH > 359 U/L. Conclusion: Determination of plasma concentrations of CRP can help in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and indicate its benign or malign origin in emergency services (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Emergency Medical Services , Acute-Phase Proteins/analysis , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Emergency Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Emergency Service, Hospital , Cohort Studies
11.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 39(1): 149-152, ene.-abr. 2016.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-152697

ABSTRACT

La pancreatitis autoinmune (PAI) es una patología poco frecuente, aunque con una creciente incidencia en países orientales, si bien esto podría deberse a una mayor tasa de detección. Puede asociarse a otras patologías autoinmunes, y se ha descrito su asociación con la enfermedad sistémica por IgG4. La clínica es variada y el tratamiento habitualmente es médico, mediante corticoides. Se describe un caso clínico diagnosticado (AU)


Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an infrequent pathology, although there is a growing incidence in Eastern countries, which might be due to a greater rate of detection. It can be associated with other autoimmune pathologies and its association with IgG4-related systemic disease has been described. Its clinical presentation is varied and the normal treatment is medical, using corticoids. A diagnosed clinical case is described (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pancreatitis/complications , Pancreatitis/diagnosis , Pancreatitis/immunology , Autoimmunity , Autoimmunity/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , CD4 Immunoadhesins/analysis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Pancreatitis , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/instrumentation , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/methods , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
12.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(69): e5-e10, ene.-mar. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-152271

ABSTRACT

Deportista de 15 años que acude a Urgencias por presentar durante un entrenamiento dolor torácico opresivo irradiado a brazo izquierdo de una hora de evolución, acompañado de náuseas y mareo. Pruebas complementarias: ECG: elevación del segmento ST en la cara diafragmática y infradesnivelación en cara lateral; CK 3312 UI/l, troponina T 9,12 µg/l, GOT 408 UI/l. Ecocardiograma y radiografía de tórax normales. Ante la sospecha de isquemia es derivada a un centro especializado. El diagnóstico final fue de miocarditis aguda, con serología positiva para Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Se detallan los datos clínicos y evolución. Se permite el deporte de competición, aconsejándose controles cardiológicos semestrales, permaneciendo la paciente asintomática hasta la fecha (AU)


15-years-old sportsman who attended to emergencies, because of a crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, a time evolution, with nauseas and dizziness. Complementary test, electrocardiogram (ECG): supraelevation ST segment in the diaphragmatic face and infradeleveling in lateral faces; blood tests on admission: CK 3312 IU/l, troponin T 9.12 µg/l, AST 408 IU/l. Normal echocardiogram and chest radiology. Suspecting ischemic is derived to a specialized center. Diagnosis of sharp myocarditis, with positive serology for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We explain the clinical data evolution. With these data, competitive sport is allowed, being recommended biannual cardiac monitoring, staying up to date asymptomatic patient (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Chest Pain/complications , Chest Pain/mortality , Chest Pain , Physical Exertion/physiology , Myocarditis/complications , Myocarditis/mortality , Myocarditis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Death, Sudden/epidemiology , Death, Sudden/prevention & control , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Electrocardiography/instrumentation , Electrocardiography/methods
14.
Sanid. mil ; 70(4): 263-269, oct.-dic. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-131776

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: los cursos de entrenamiento militar requieren un alto nivel de exigencia física y provocan un número importante de lesiones osteomusculares. Es de interés conocer el tipo de lesiones que se observan en estos cursos y los factores de riesgo lesional aso-ciados, para poder implantar posteriormente medidas preventivas adecuadas y correctas gestiones de los recursos que se disponen. OBJETIVO: presentar el tipo de lesiones observadas durante la fase común del primer curso de formación de los sargentos alumnos del Ejército de Tierra (ET) y analizar la frecuencia lesional y factores de riesgo relacionados. Material y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal de 15 semanas de duración, en el que se incluyeron 579 sargentos alumnos (49 mujeres), edad media de 25,9 años (Rango 18-31). Al inicio del curso, se obtuvieron los parámetros antropométricos de los alumnos y se midió su condición física mediante las marcas obtenidas en carrera de 6000, 1000 y 50 m, y pruebas de salto vertical y flexo extensiones en suelo. Durante el curso, se registraron las lesiones observadas, sus causas, localización y tiempo de recuperación. Al final del curso, se comparó la frecuencia lesional observada y sus causas entre hombres y mujeres, y en el grupo de hombres, se compararon las marcas obtenidas y los parámetros antropométricos entre los lesionados y no lesionados. RESULTADOS: la edad media del grupo de mujeres vs hombres fue de 27,1 (3,18) vs 25,7 (3,03) años p < 0,01; la talla 1,63 (0,05) vs 1,77 (0,07) m, p < 0,0001; y el peso 57,2 (5,04) vs 75,2 (9,14) kg, p < 0,0001, respectivamente. Las marcas obtenidas por el grupo de mujeres fueron significativamente menores en todas las pruebas (p < 0,0001). Se lesionaron 111 alumnos (19,1%), observándose un total de 113 lesiones Se lesionaron 18 mujeres (36,7%) frente a 95 hombres (17,9%), p < 0,05. En el grupo de hombres, las marcas iniciales de los lesionados frente a no lesionados en extremidades inferiores, fueron las siguientes: en 6 km, 28,1 (2,40) vs 27,0 (2,82) min, p < 0,001; en 1 km, 3,49 (0,28) vs 3,39 (0,24) min, p < 0,001; en 50 m, 7,29 (0,41) vs 7,18 (0,40) seg, p < 0,05, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas entre las marcas obtenidas en salto vertical y flexo-extensiones, entre los hombres lesionados y no lesionados, ni tampoco en edad, peso, talla e IMC. CONCLUSIONES: se observa que en torno al 20% de los alumnos se lesionan durante el curso académico, siendo los esguinces y tendinitis las lesiones más frecuentes. Las lesiones se localizan preferentemente en extremidades inferiores. La mitad de las lesiones se producen por sobrecarga y la otra mitad por accidente. Las mujeres se lesionan más que los hombres. Diferencias antropométricas y una menor condición física pueden determinar su mayor incidencia lesional. En el grupo de hombres, una peor condición física se relaciona con un mayor riesgo lesional, no encontrándose relación de la frecuencia lesional con la edad, peso, talla ni IMC en este grupo


BACKGROUND: military training courses are very physically demanding and they cause a significant number of musculos-keletal injuries. It is of interest to know the type of injuries observed in these courses and the associated injury risk factors in order to subsequently implant appropriate preventive measures and manage available resources. OBJECTIVE: to present the type of injuries observed during the common phase of the first training course of the Ground Forces Student Sergeants and to analyze the frequency of injuries and related risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, 15 week duration study, which included 579 student sergeants (49 women), average age of 25.9 years (range 18-31). At the beginning of the course, the anthropometric parameters of students were obtained and their physical condition was measured through the marks obtained in 6000, 1000 and 50 m career, and through vertical jump and flexion/extension tests on the ground. During the course, observed injuries, their causes, location and recovery time were recorded. At the end of the course, the observed frequency of injuries and their causes were compared between men and women, and in the male group, the obtained marks and the anthropometric parameters were compared between the injured and not injured. RESULTS: the average age of the women vs men's group was 27.1 (3.18) vs. 25.7 (3.03) years p <0, 01; height 1.63 (0.05) vs 1.77 (0.07) m, p <0 .0001; and weight 57.2 (5.04) vs 75.2 (9.14) kg, p < 0.0001, respectively. The marks obtained in the women's group were significantly lower in all tests (p < 0.0001). One hundred and eleven students got injured (19.1%), with a total of 113 injuries. The most frequent injuries were sprains and tendinitis which accounted for 61% of the lesions, and the most frequent location was in lower limbs (87.6%). Overload injuries occurred in 54.4% of cases compared to 49.6% caused by accident (p = NS). Eighteen women got injured (36.7%) against 95 men (17.9%), p < 0.05. In the male group, the initial marks in the subgroup with lower limbs injuries compared to the not injured, were the following: 6 km, 28.1 (2.40) vs 27.0 (2.82) min, p < 0.001; in 1 km, 3.49 (0.28) vs 3.39 (0.24) min, p < 0.001; in 50 m, 7.29 (0.41) vs 7.18 (0.40) sec, p < 0.05, respectively. There were no significant differences neither in the marks obtained in vertical jump and flexion/extensions among the injured and not injured, nor in age, weight, height and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: it is observed that around 20% of the students get injured during the academic year, being the sprains and tendinitis the most frequent injuries. The injuries are predominantly located in lower extremities. Half of the injuries are caused by overload and the other half by accident. Women get injured more than men. Anthropometric differences and a lower physical condition might determine the major incidence of their injuries. In the male group, worse physical condition is related to an increased risk of injury, but the relationship between the frequency of injuries and age, weight, height or BMI is not found in this group


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Wounds and Injuries/metabolism , Wounds and Injuries/rehabilitation , Military Personnel/education , Military Personnel/psychology , Sprains and Strains/complications , Sprains and Strains/diagnosis , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Wounds and Injuries/psychology , Wounds and Injuries , Sprains and Strains/physiopathology , Sprains and Strains/psychology , Sprains and Strains/rehabilitation
15.
Farm. hosp ; 38(5): 411-417, sept.-oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-131341

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar la mejoría clínica de los pacientes sometidos a cambio de opioide y describir el protocolo utilizado para el cambio. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se seleccionaron pacientes sometidos a cambio de opioide en el periodo de estudio (18 meses). Fueron criterios para cambio de opioide: tratamiento con fármacos escalón 3 de la escalera de la OMS junto a coadyuvantes durante más de 6 meses y presentar una escala análogo visual del dolor de al menos 5, con o sin efectos adversos asociados. Se definieron las variables: mejoría clínica, como una disminución superior o igual a 3 de escala análogo-visual, o la supresión de dos o más efectos adversos; y reducción de dosisequi analgésica, que se calculó mediante comparación de dosisequi analgésicas del opioide inicial y final. Resultados: Se estudiaron 9 pacientes de los que la variable mejoría clínica resultó positiva en 7 de ellos (77%). La reducción de dosis media fue del 37% (-72% +18%) con respectoa la dosis equianalgésica. Cinco pacientes (55%) presentaban reacciones adversas antes del cambio de opioide; mientras que sólo uno (11%) tras la intervención. Conclusiones: El cambio de opioide fue ventajoso en el manejo de pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico y baja respuesta al tratamiento opioide y/o con efectos adversos. Para realizar un cambio de opioide con seguridad se debe reducir dosis inicialmente del nuevo opioide. Estudios prospectivos bien diseñados permitirían alcanzar mayor consenso para la aplicación del cambio de opioide en el manejo del dolor crónico no oncológico (AU)


Background: The implementation of opioid switch (OS) as astrategy in non-malignant chronic pain has been scarcely proved. This article aims to evaluate the results of OS in a PainTreatment Unit. Methods: This is an observational retrospective study in which all patients who had been subjected to OS for a period of 18months were selected. All of them had been treated with opiods plus adjuvant for more than 6 months and had a visual analog scale (VAS) of at least 5, either with or without adverse effects. Two variables were defined: clinical improvement, as a reduction equal or superior to 3 in VAS or the elimination of two or more adverse effects; equianalgesic dose reduction is the difference between initial and final opioid dose. Results: 7 out of 9 (77%) patients showed clinical improvement. Median equianalgesic dose reduction was 37% (-72%+18%). Five patients (55%) presented adverse effects to opioids before the OS but only one (11%) after OS. Conclusions: OS was beneficial for the management of on-malignant chronic pain patients who have poor responseto opioid treatment and/or with adverse effects. A secure OS should include a reduction in equianalgesic opioid dose. Prospective studys would achieve a mayor consensus for the applicance of OS in non-malignant chronic pain treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics , Chronic Pain/drug therapy , Drug Substitution , Pain Management/methods , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies
17.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 26(2): 84-93, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-120728

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar los factores que prolongan los tiempos de espera e implementar soluciones que permitan reducirlos en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital de alta complejidad (nivel III) mediante la aplicación de la metodología Lean en el proceso asistencial completo, que incluye las interacciones relevantes con otras unidades. Método: Diseño cuasi experimental pre-post intervención a la aplicación de la metodología Lean para la gestión de procesos productivos. Las variables de resultado fueron el tiempo de estancia en el área de consultas, el tiempo de espera para primera consulta facultativa y la proporción de pacientes que se marchan sin ser atendidos. Se recogieron datos de 1año antes y 1 año después de implementarse de las acciones de mejora planteadas. Resultados: El tiempo medio de estancia en el área de consultas en el circuito de pacientes banales disminuyó de 80,4 minutos (IC95%= 75,3-85,6) a 61,6 (IC95% = 57,7-65,5; p <0,001); en el circuito traumatológico se redujo de 137.8 minutos (IC95% = 130,9-137,6) a123,8 (IC95% = 119,7-127,8; p < 0,05); y en el circuito médico-quirúrgico pasó de 219,7(IC 95% = 209,1-230,4) a 209,3 (IC 95% = 200,9-217,8; p = 0,108). Igualmente se produjo una significativa reducción (p < 0,001) del tiempo medio de espera de primera consulta facultativa: 58,0 minutos (DE = 6,3) a 49,1 (DE = 3,7); y de la proporción de pacientes que se marchan sin ser atendidos de 2,8% (DE = 0,5) frente a 2,0% (DE = 0,9; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Se demuestra una mejoría de la duración total de la estancia en urgencias y del tiempo medio de espera de primera consulta facultativa. La metodología Lean puede ser útil en un SUH de alta complejidad para la detección de procesos inefectivos que comportan tiempos de espera evitables (AU)


Objectives: To identify factors that cause delays and to implement lean methods to reduce overall wait times, including interdepartmental consultations, in a complex tertiary level hospital emergency department. Method: Quasi-experimental pre-post study of applying lean-thinking solutions to the management of emergency department production (care processes). The outcome variables were patient’s time spent in the examination area of the department, wait time before the first visit by a physician, and the percentage of patients who left before being seen. We analyzed data from the year before and the year after implementing the improvement measures. Results: The mean (95% CI) time spent in the examining areas by patients with the simplest emergencies was reduced from 80.4 (75.3-85.6) minutes to 61.6 (57.7-65.5) minutes (P<.001). Trauma case times were reduced from 137.8(130.9-137.6) minutes to 123.8 (119.7-127.8) minutes (P<.05) and medical-surgical case times from 219.73 (209.1-230.4) minutes to 209.3 (200.9-217.8) minutes (P=.108). Mean (SD) delays until first contact with a physician were also reduced significantly (P<.001) from 58.0 (6.3) minutes to 49.1 (3.7) minutes before and after the lean-method intervention, respectively. The percentage of patients leaving before seeing a physician also decreased, from 2.8%(0.5%) to 2.0% (0.9%) (P<.001). Conclusions: Both the duration a patient’s stay in the emergency department and wait time before the first physician visit improved. Lean methods can be useful in a highly complex hospital emergency department for detecting ineffective processes that lead to avoidable delays (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Quality Improvement/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Unnecessary Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Time-to-Treatment/statistics & numerical data
19.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 15(8): 659-664, ago. 2013. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-127483

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin plus oral vinorelbine, one of the standard treatments for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is associated with a high rate of neutropenia, and a hemogram is performed on day 8. We analyzed the oncologists' opinions and the result of the hemogram on day 8 to address the question of whether this hemogram could be avoided. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight chemotherapy-naive, advanced NSCLC patients were included. Each received intravenous doses of 75 mg/m(2) cisplatin on day 1 plus oral vinorelbine [60 mg/m(2) in the first cycle (80 mg/m(2) in subsequent cycles) on days 1 and 8], every 3 weeks, for a maximum of six cycles. RESULTS: Out of 257 cycles analyzed, oral vinorelbine was administered on day 8 in 214 (83.2 %) and the dose was canceled in 6 cycles (2.3 %) due to hematological toxicity. On analyzing the patients to whom chemotherapy had been administered on day 8, based on medical opinion without the doctor knowing the hemogram result, we found that the cycle had been administered with a hemogram showing fewer than 1,500 × 10(6) neutrophils in only 3 of the 185 evaluable cycles [event rate of 1.6 %, with confidence interval 95 % = (0.34-4.67 %)]. CONCLUSION: The hemogram on day 8 can be avoided and oral vinorelbine administered in relative safety in patients with good performance status, when confirmed by the clinician's perception, thereby making this regimen more comfortable for the patient. This is the first prospective study to examine this issue (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/secondary
20.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 15(3): 205-210, mar. 2013. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-127079

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Use of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect breast cancer has generated significant debate. We analyze the role of breast MRI in the detection of additional disease and the need to perform additional biopsies in early breast carcinoma patients. In addition, we correlate the detection of new foci with tumor pathological features. METHODS: Early breast carcinoma patients that had undergone an MRI as well as a mammography as diagnostic procedures were included in the study. The following pathologic features were studied: carcinoma type, histological grade, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 and Ki67. Univariate analysis was conducted to ascertain significant correlation among detection of new foci and each of the tumor pathological features. RESULTS: Data from 98 patients have been analyzed: median age 49 years (range 35-79); carcinoma type: (a) infiltrative ductal carcinoma (n = 73, 74 %), (b) infiltrative lobular cancer (n = 12, 12 %), (c) ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 6, 6 %); amplified HER2 (n = 18, 18 %); grade III (n = 33, 33 %); Ki67 ≥ 25 % (n = 33, 33.67 %); positive ER and PR (n = 79, 80 %); triple negative tumors (n = 8, 8 %). MRI detected additional disease in 38 cases (39.58 %), and 20 led to an additional biopsy (20.4 %). Thirty-eight patients (39 %) underwent mastectomy. We found a statistically significant correlation between new foci in MRI and high Ki67 ≥ 25 % (p < 0.005). No other statistically significant correlation was established. CONCLUSION: MRI detected additional disease in 39 % cases, requiring an additional biopsy 20 %. Tumors with high proliferative index were significantly correlated with the detection of new foci in MRI (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism , Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism , Early Detection of Cancer , Prognosis , /metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone , Retrospective Studies
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