ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify a framework for risk communication during health crises by using the current pandemic as a case study. DESIGN: A qualitative study based on individual interviews. SETTING: Different countries with diverse levels of perceived success on risk communication during the COVID-19 health crisis. PARTICIPANTS: International experts with experience in health crisis management or risk communication. ANALYSIS: A thematic analysis was performed supported by Atlas.ti. RESULTS: Four men and six women took part in the study (three from Europe, two from Latin America, two from North America, one from Asia and two from Oceania). Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) institutionalising the communication strategy; (2) defining the problem that needs to be faced; (3) developing an effective communication strategy. CONCLUSION: Risk communication during a health crisis requires preparation of governments and of health teams in order to produce and deliver effective messages as well as to help communities to make informed and healthy decisions. This is particularly relevant for slow disasters, such as COVID-19, as the strategy must innovate to avoid information fatigue of the audience. The findings of this article could inform guidelines to best equip countries for a clear communication strategy for future crises. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021234443.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Male , Humans , Female , Pandemics , Qualitative Research , Asia , CommunicationABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El Buen Trato es una forma de relación entre profesionales y usuarios del sistema de salud, basada en un profundo respeto y valoración de la dignidad de la persona. Objetivo: Describir el proceso de diseño y validación de la Herramienta de auto instrucción para el Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico. MÉTODO: Estudio de métodos mixtos basado en el análisis de contenido propuesto por Kyngas sobre una muestra de docentes clínicos y estudiantes de pregrado, revisión sistemática de la literatura científica y el consenso y opinión de expertos nacionales en educación en salud. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante grupos focales y encuestas. RESULTADOS: Se construyó una Herramienta de autoevaluación del Buen Trato (HBT) durante el encuentro/atención clínica formada por tres instrumentos: a) Pauta de Autoevaluación; b) Lista de acciones relacionadas con las dimensiones del Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico y c) Pauta para la elaboración de un Plan Personal de mejora y seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que el Buen Trato requiere profesionales responsables de su quehacer, que hayan alcanzado las competencias para brindar una atención de salud respetuosa. La HBT puede entenderse como una propuesta de mejoramiento continuo en la formación clínica de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud.
INTRODUCTION: Respectful care is a relationship between professionals and patients based on deep respect and assessment of the person's dignity. Aim: Describe the design and validation process of the auto-instruction tool for Respectful Care in healthcare. METHOD: A mixed methods study based on the content analysis proposed by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of clinical teachers and undergraduate students, a systematic review ofscientific literature, and the consensus and opinion of national experts in health education. The data were obtained through focus groups and surveys. RESULTS: A Respectful Care self-instruction tool was built by three instruments: a) assessment guideline; b) a List of actions related to the dimensions of respectful care and health care, and c) a Modelfor elaborating a personal improvement and monitoring plan. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that Respectful care requires professionals responsible for their work who have achieved competencies to provide respectful health care. In that sense, HBT can be understood as a proposalfor continuous improvement in the clinical training of students and health professionals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Focus Groups , Professional-Patient Relations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Health Personnel , Delivery of Health Care/trends , RespectABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Respectful care is a relationship between professionals and patients based on deep respect and assessment of the person's dignity. AIM: Describe the design and validation process of the auto-instruction tool for Respectful Care in healthcare. METHOD: A mixed methods study based on the content analysis proposed by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of clinical teachers and undergraduate students, a systematic review ofscientific literature, and the consensus and opinion of national experts in health education. The data were obtained through focus groups and surveys. RESULTS: A Respectful Care self-instruction tool was built by three instruments: a) assessment guideline; b) a List of actions related to the dimensions of respectful care and health care, and c) a Modelfor elaborating a personal improvement and monitoring plan. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that Respectful care requires professionals responsible for their work who have achieved competencies to provide respectful health care. In that sense, HBT can be understood as a proposalfor continuous improvement in the clinical training of students and health professionals.
Subject(s)
Focus Groups , Humans , Respect , Surveys and Questionnaires , Professional-Patient Relations , Female , Reproducibility of Results , Male , Adult , Health Personnel , Delivery of Health Care/standardsABSTRACT
The best conservation method for native Chilean berries has been investigated in combination with an implemented large-scale extract of maqui berry, rich in total polyphenols and anthocyanin to be tested in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. The methanolic extract was obtained from lyophilized and analyzed maqui berries using Folin-Ciocalteu to quantify the total polyphenol content, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) to measure the antioxidant capacity. Determination of maqui's anthocyanins profile was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS). Viability, cytotoxicity, and percent oxidation in epithelial colon cells (HT-29) and macrophages cells (RAW 264.7) were evaluated. In conclusion, preservation studies confirmed that the maqui properties and composition in fresh or frozen conditions are preserved and a more efficient and convenient extraction methodology was achieved. In vitro studies of epithelial cells have shown that this extract has a powerful antioxidant strength exhibiting a dose-dependent behavior. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-macrophages were activated, noncytotoxic effects were observed, and a relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation response was demonstrated. The maqui extract along with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have a synergistic effect. All of the compiled data pointed out to the use of this extract as a potential nutraceutical agent with physiological benefits for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).