Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in Ctenocephalides felis fleas from free-ranging crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous).

Fleas are insects with a worldwide distribution that have been implicated in the transmission of several pathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Rickettsia spp. (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) and Bartonella spp. (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae) in fleas from free-ranging crab-eating foxes Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Canidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Fleas were collected manually from animals and used for the molecular detection of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. Twenty-nine C. thous were sampled in six municipalities. Four foxes were parasitized by 10 fleas, all of which were identified as Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché, 1935) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). DNA from Rickettsia felis Bouyer et al., 2001 and Rickettsia asembonensis Maina et al., 2016 were found in three and eight fleas, respectively. In four fleas, DNA of Bartonella sp. was identified. Phylogenetic analysis grouped Bartonella sp. together with other genotypes previously reported in C. felis worldwide. The scenario described in the present study highlights a Neotropical canid parasitized by the invasive cosmopolitan cat flea, which in turn, is carrying potentially invasive vector-borne microorganisms. These findings suggest that C. felis is adapted to wild hosts in wilderness areas in southern Brazil, hypothetically exposing the Neotropical fauna to unknown ecological and health disturbances.

Rickettsia parkeri in free-ranging wild canids from Brazilian Pampa.

Spotted fevers are tick-borne diseases associated with various Rickettsia species. Rickettsia parkeri sensu stricto (s.s.) is the agent of an emerging eschar-associated rickettsiosis in humans from the USA and South American Pampa. Considering that R. parkeri s.s. is restricted to Americas and the potential role of dogs in the epidemiology of the disease, it is thus reasonable to hypothesize that wild canids could be involved in the enzootic cycle of this rickettsiosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential role of the wild canids from Pampa, Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox) and Lycalopex gymnocercus (Pampas fox), in the ecology of R. parkeri s.s. For that, 32 live-trapped free-ranging wild canids were sampled. Ticks were observed in 30 of the 32 foxes. Of the 292 ticks collected, 22 (7.5%) were positive by PCR for the presence of R. parkeri s.s. DNA. Also, 20 (62%) wild canids showed antibodies against R. parkeri. The results suggest that wild canids are involved in the enzootic cycle of R. parkeri s.s. in the Pampa biome and could be responsible for pathogen (and its vectors) dispersal.

Perforación radicular asociada al uso de microtornillos en el anclaje ortodóncico: reporte de un caso / Root perforation associated with the use of micro-screws in orthodontic anchorage: a case report

Este reporte de caso describe el tratamiento quirúrgico de un primer molar maxilar como solución a la perforación iatrogénica de su raíz mesiovestibular tras la colocación de un microtornillo para el refuerzo del anclaje ortodoncico en un paciente adulto. El objetivo de este caso clínico es dar a conocer una de las posibles complicaciones asociadas a la colocación de microtornillos interradiculares asociados al refuerzo del anclaje en ortodoncia, su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

The aim of this publication is to present one of the possible complications associated with the placement of interradicular miniscrews for the reinforcement of anchorage in orthodontics. This case report describes the surgical treatment of a maxillary first molar as a solution for the iatrogenic perforation of its mesiobuccal root after the placement of a microscrew for the reinforcement of the orthodontic anchorage in an adult patient.

Uso del láser terapéutico en el control del dolor en ortodoncia / Use of laser therapy in pain control in orthodontics

Objetivo: Determinar si el láser de baja frecuencia (LLLT) es efectivo en disminuir la percepción del dolor posterior a la aplicación de separaciones molares para ortodoncia. Material y Método: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con enmascaramiento simple en 30 alumnos entre 16 y 20 años, a quienes se les aplicó separaciones elásticas entre los molares permanentes. Los voluntarios fueron designados en dos grupos: 15 pacientes en el grupo experimental quienes fueron tratados con LLLT (Photon Lase, DMC USA Corp.) por 30 segundos en cada molar permanente derecho y 15 pacientes en el grupo control quienes recibieron como placebo la colocación del láser inactivo con el mismo protocolo empleado en el grupo experimental. En total 30 dientes fueron incluidos en cada grupo. La percepción del dolor fue evaluada a las 3, 12, 24 horas y a los días 2, 3, 4, 5 y 7 posterior a la aplicación de LLLT a través de un cuestionario estándar de autollenado haciendo uso de la escala visual análoga del dolor (EVA). Resultados: El 61.6 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo de control presentó algún grado de dolor durante el periodo de seguimiento en comparación del 38.64 por ciento del grupo experimental (p=0.004). Si bien la intensidad del dolor alcanzó su punto máximo a las 12 horas las diferencias de los promedios entre ambos grupos también fue estadísticamente significativa (<0.001). Conclusión: El LLLT demostró ser una herramienta útil en el control del dolor posterior a la aplicación de separaciones molares.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to decrease the perception of pain after application of orthodontic molar separations. Material and Methods: We performed a randomized single-blind in 30 students between 16 and 20 years who were administered elastic separation between the permanent molars. Volunteers were assigned into two groups: 15 patients in the experimental group who were treated with LLLT (Photon Lase, DMC USA Corp.) for 30 seconds on each permanent right molar and 15 patients in the control group who received placebo-like placement inactive laser with the same protocol used in the experimental group. Altogether 30 teeth were included in each group. Pain perception was assessed at 3, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 after application of LLLT through a standard questionnaire using the visual analogue scale of pain (EVA). Results: 61.6 percent of patients in the control group had some degree of pain during the follow-up period in comparison with the 38.64 percent of the experimental group (p =0.004). Although pain intensity peaked at 12 hours the mean differences between groups was statistically significant (<0.001). Conclusion: LLLT proved to be a useful tool in controlling pain after the application of separation molars.