[Application of immunochemical and chromatographic techniques for monitoring of trichothecene mycotoxins type A in grains].

A sensitive HPLC-MS technique after immunoaffinity clean-up has been developed for the simultaneous determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins of in the food grains. The limit of detection of method was 0,002 mg/kg for T-2 toxin and 0,005 mg/kg for HT-2 toxin. Comparison of existing immunochemical and chromatographic techniques of trichothecenes type A determination in grains was made. New combined scheme of monitoring of grain contamination by trichothecenes type A was proposed. It was based on screening by ELISAs followed by confirmation of positive samples by developed HPLC-MS technique with preliminary immune affinity purification of extracts. Proposed modification of immunochemical and chromatographic techniques allowed to lower the influence of grain matrix on the analytical results and to reduce of the probability obtaining of false-positive determination. Developed approach was used for determination of trichothecenes type A in natural contaminated grain samples.

[Study of toxigenic properties of mycelium fungi--citrinin producents, isolated from foods].

Results of experimental researches in the modelling systems simulating infringements of temperature modes of storage of a grain, shown an opportunity of intensive accumulation mycotoxin citrinin in infected by toxigenic molds Penicillium citrinum grains of rice and wheat are submitted. Most high levels of citrinin were found out as a result of growth P. citrinum in rice, achieving 300-350 mg/kg of a grain during 21 days. High frequency of occurrence among Penicillium genera citrinin-producing strains (5.9%) was established, that specifies a large extent of risk for human health of food grains, contaminated this widespread kind of moldsopportunity of application ELISA method with using "RIDASCREEN Citrinin" kits for detection and quantification of citrinin in a food grain is shown.

[The method of the simultaneous determination of the citrinin and ochratoxin A content in cereals and cereal products].

The simplifyed method of simultaneous determination of the citrinin (CT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereals is described. The extraction of mycotoxins was carried out by small volumes of solvents (water/aceton/hexane) without additional sample clean up and concentration. The extracts were analysed by HPLC using mixture of methanol/ethylacetate/phosphoric acid, pH 2.2 as a mobile phase and fluorescence detection (lamda ex 330 nm, lamda em 495 nm). The reliability and reproducibility of results were improved by usage of internal standard--methyl-derivative of ochratoxin A. Average recovery of CT and OTA was 70%, relative standard deviation 12% and 7%, respectively, limit of detection 0.003 mg/kg.

[Determination of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt in food products and polymeric packing materials].

HPLC method of determination of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt in food products and polymeric packing materials has been developed. The migration of DGA from food-contacting materials to food matrix has been investigated.

[Complex approach to evaluation of natural quality of coloured juices]. / Kompleksnyi podkhod k otsenke natural'nosti okrashennykh sokov.

A novel multidimensional approach to estimation of fruit and berry colored juice authenticity is proposed. It includes determination of quality (determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfurol) and authenticity (determination of organic acids, hydrocarbons, anthocyanin pigments and artificial colorants) parameters. Both experimental and literature data on chemical composition of 12 colored fruits and berries are summarized. New composition characteristics of pomegranate, bilberry, red currant, blackberry and lingonberry are presented.

[5-hydroxymethylfurfural as indicator of quality of juices for child nutrition]. / 5-oksimetilfurfurol kak pokazatel' kachestva sokov dlia detskogo pitaniia.

132 samples of domestic and imported juices and juice concentrates for child nutrition were analyzed on content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfurol (5-HMF), which is considered as an indicator of violation of juice manufacturing technology. The concentrations of 5-HMF in 15.9% of domestic juice samples and 10.3% of imported juice and concentrate samples were found higher than 20 mg/L--maximum level established by AIJN for some juices and nectars. The results confirmed the expediency of including of HMF maximum concentration in hygienic characterization of fruit juices and concentrates as an indicator of violation of their manufacturing and storage procedures.

[Hygienic characteristics of the flour mill working environment]. / Gigienicheskaia kharakteristika proizvodstvennoi sredy mukomolnogo predpriiatiia.

The fusariotoxins' content in the in-plant air of the flour mill and its effect on the workers' health status were investigated.

[The antagonism of the natural microflora of grain as a regulating factor in Fusarium sporotrichiella toxin formation]. / Antagonizm estestvennoi mikroflory zerna kak reguliruiushchii faktor toksinoobrazovaniia Fusarium sporotrichiella.

The ability of 32 fungi species of 9 genera that belong to field grain microflora to inhibit the growth of F. sporotrichiella strain 53315 producing T2 toxin has been studied. Antagonistic properties have been found in representatives of Epicoccum and Drechslera genera. Estimation of T2 toxin in grain by microbiological method and by thin layer chromatography yielded similar results.

A survey of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat from 1986-1988 harvests in the USSR.

The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON; vomitoxin) in wheat from 1986-1988 harvests in the USSR was surveyed. A significant frequency of DON contamination (81.3% of samples analyzed) was observed. A correlation between levels of DON contamination and percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels was demonstrated. It was shown that DON contamination did not exceed the maximum tolerated level (MTL) established in the USSR (1.0 mg/kg) if samples contained no more than 0.6% of Fusarium-damaged kernels.

[The contamination of the 1986-1988 wheat harvests with deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin)]. / Izuchenie zagriazneniia pshenitsy urozhaev 1986--1988 gg. dezoksinivalenolom (vomitoksinom).

The authors used high-performance liquid chromatography to estimate the content of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) trichothecene mycotoxin in 175 samples of wheat harvested in the Krasnodar Territory in 1986-1988. High incidence rates and levels of wheat intoxication have been recorded: 42.8% in 1986, 25% in 1987, and 80.28% of wheat samples in 1988 contained deoxynivalenol in concentrations exceeding MPC (1 mg/kg). A correlation was noted between the degree of wheat affection with Fusarium and the level of its intoxication with deoxynivalenol. A conclusion has been made on the necessity of using the criteria of the degree of wheat affection with Fusarium and the level of its intoxication with deoxynivalenol in hygienic recommendations for safe utilization of fusarial grain for food purposes.

Assay of N-nitrosamines in foodstuffs produced in the USSR by gas-liquid chromatography with a thermal energy analyser.

The content of volatile N-nitrosamines in over 4000 samples of domestic foodstuffs of plant and animal origin were studied. It was found that 88% of the samples studied contained N-nitrosamines, the greatest amounts being detected in some samples of malt and beer, fish products and some meat products. The impact of food processing technologies on the formation of N-nitrosamines is discussed. Possibilities of preventing the accumulation of N-nitrosamines during the process of food production are discussed.

[Content of carcinogenic nitroso compounds in food products]. / Soderzhanie kantserogennykh nitrozosoedinenii v pishchevykh produktakh.

The data are provided on the content of carcinogenous N-nitroso compounds in foods manufactured in a region with a high gastric carcinoma incidence. It was found that foods under analysis have a high content of carcinogenous nitroso compounds. The foods were also found to contain N-nitrosopiperidine, a carcinogen inducing tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.

[Carcinogenic nitrosamine content of food products of the Moldavian SSR]. / Soderzhanie kantserogennykh nitrozaminov v pishchevykh produktakh Moldavskoi SSR.

The authors provide data concerning the content of carcinogenous N-nitrosocompounds in foods manufactured in the Moldavian SSR. Over 100 samples of foods of both vegetable and animal origin have been analyzed. It has been found that foods manufactured in the Moldavian SSR are contaminated with carcinogenous N-nitrosamines but to an insignificant degree. It is concluded that the degree of a relative risk may be regarded as negligible.