ABSTRACT
A Ansiedade Puerperal é um fenómeno frequente, uma vez que o puerpério é o período de maior risco para o surgimento ou agravamento de ansiedade. Geralmente manifesta-se por irritabilidade, fadiga, dificuldades de concentração, tensão e perturbações do sono. Pode provocar consequências tanto na mulher como na sua relação com o bebé e com o companheiro, interferindo na qualidade de vida e no futuro da família. Objetivo: identificar os fatores que se relacionam com os níveis de ansiedade das puérperas, durante o internamento num serviço de obstetrícia. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo descritivo-correlacional e analítico, com a aplicação da Escala de Autoavaliação de Ansiedade de Zung, da Escala de Perceção do Design de Suporte do Ambiente Hospitalar e da Escala de Autoperceção Materna das Competências Cuidativas neonatais. Participaram 85 puérperas que se encontravam internadas no serviço de obstetrícia, num hospital da região norte de Portugal. Resultados: A maioria das puérperas (51,8%) apresentou ausência de ansiedade, 11,8% manifestou ansiedade não patológica e 36,5% apresentou ansiedade patológica. Dos fatores de ansiedade estudados, estabeleceu-se relação, de forma global, entre o nível de ansiedade puerperal e a perceção das competências cuidativas neonatais (p=0,00). Conclusão: As puérperas apresentaram maior ansiedade na dimensão Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). A melhor perceção do suporte social no ambiente hospitalar reduz os níveis de ansiedade materna nas diferentes vertentes. Quanto maior a autoperceção materna das competências no cuidar do bebé, menor o nível de ansiedade puerperal.
Postpartum Anxiety is a frequent phenomenon, since the puerperium is the period of greatest risk for the onset or worsening of anxiety. It is usually manifested by irritability, fatigue, concentration difficulties, tension and sleep disturbances. It can have consequences both for the woman and for her relationship with the baby and her partner, interfering with the quality of life and the future of the family. Objective: to identify the factors that relate to the anxiety levels of postpartum women during hospitalization in an obstetrics service. Methodology: this is a descriptive, correlational and analytical quantitative study, with the application of the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Supportive Hospital Environment Design Scale and the Maternal Self-Perceived Scale of Neonatal Care Skills. Participants were 85 postpartum women who were hospitalized in the obstetrics service, in a hospital in the northern region of Portugal. Results: Most mothers (51.8%) had no anxiety, 11.8% had non-pathological anxiety and 36.5% had pathological anxiety. Of the anxiety factors studied, a global relationship was established between the level of postpartum anxiety and the perception of neonatal care skills (p=0.00). Conclusion: The postpartum women showed greater anxiety in the Central Nervous System (CNS) dimension. A better perception of social support in the hospital environment reduces levels of maternal anxiety in different aspects. The higher the maternal self-perception of skills in caring for the baby, the lower the level of postpartum anxiety.
ABSTRACT
Since the cyanotoxin saxitoxin (STX) is a neurotoxin and induces ecological changes in aquatic environments, a potential risk to public and environmental health exists. However, data on STX-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects are still scare. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of this toxin, the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of STX was examined in two mammalian cell lines. Neuro 2A (N2A), a neuroblastoma mouse cell line, and Vero cell line, derived from Vero green monkey kidney cells, were exposed to several concentrations of STX ranging from 0.5 to 64 nM to determine cell viability, induction of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation assay), and formation of micronuclei (MN) (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay; CBMN) following 24 h of incubation. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for STX calculated in cell viability tests were 1.01 nM for N2A and 0.82 nM for Vero cells. With increasing STX concentration there was evidence of DNA fragmentation indicating apoptosis induction in Vero cells with a 50% increase in DNA fragmentation compared to control at the highest STX concentration tested (3 nM). The results demonstrated no significant changes in the frequency of micronucleated binucleated cells in N2A and Vero cells exposed to STX, indicating the absence of genotoxicity under these test conditions. There was no apparent cellular necrosis as evidenced by a lack of formation of multinucleated cells. In conclusion, data reported herein demonstrate that STX produced death of both cell types tested through an apoptotic process.
Subject(s)
Cell Death/drug effects , Saxitoxin/toxicity , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorocebus aethiops , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , Micronucleus Tests , Vero Cells/drug effectsABSTRACT
This study has investigated the reduction in coloured substances and toxic compounds present in textile industry effluent by the use of an advanced oxidation process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant, activated by ultraviolet radiation. The investigation was carried out on industrial effluents, both raw and after biological treatment, using different concentrations of H2O2 in a photochemical reactor equipped with a 250 W high-pressure mercury vapour lamp. The results showed that after 60 minutes of ultraviolet irradiation a H2O2 concentration of 500 mg L(-1) was able to remove approximately 73% of the coloured compounds present in raw effluent and 96% of those present in biologically treated effluent. Additionally, post-treatment toxicity tests performed using the microcrustacean Daphnia magna showed a significant effective reduction in the acute toxicity of the raw effluent. In tests carried out with treatment at a concentration of 750 and 1000 mg L(-1) H2O2, analysis of the frequency ofmicronuclei in erythrocytes of Tilapia cf rendalli exposed to treated effluent samples confirmed that there were no mutagenic effects on the fish. Together, these results indicate that the oxidation process offers a good alternative for the removal of colour and toxicity from textile industry effluent.
Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Industrial Waste/analysis , Ultraviolet Rays , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Animals , Daphnia , Mutagenicity Tests , Oxidation-Reduction , Textile Industry , Toxicity Tests, AcuteABSTRACT
Apresenta-se o uso de anestesia loco-regional na ressecçäo transuretral de próstata. O método foi utilizado em quatro pacientes, onde a infiltraçäo peri e intraprostática (bupivacaína e/ou lidocaína) possibilitou, com o uso concomitante de sedaçäo (benzodiazepínico intravenoso) a ressecçäo transuretral da próstata. Descreve-se a técnica e discute-se a indicaçäo deste procedimento em pacientes com risco cirúrgico elevado por doenças cardiopulmonares. Nos quatro casos, o procedimento mostrou-se eficaz, seguro e bem tolerado pelos pacientes