ABSTRACT
Bee colony health is declining as a result of several factors, including exposure to pesticides. The development and strength of honey bee colonies depend on the reproductive success of queen bees. Because flowers are sources of food for bees, foragers can accidentally collect and carry contaminated pollen and nectar to their hives; and this may compromise the longevity and the life span of individuals. Thus, the present study aimed to observe the action of imidacloprid in the midgut and ovaries of Apis mellifera queens, as well as the effects on sperm stored in their spermatheca. To this end, the apiary was divided into three experimental groups: control, commercial imidacloprid, and active ingredient imidacloprid. For toxicity assays, a sucrose solution containing 1 µg/L of imidacloprid was offered to the colonies for 42 days. A control group received only food in the same period. In both treatments with imidacloprid, the midgut of queens showed modifications in the external musculature and cellular alterations. Such changes could lead to the nonrecovery of the epithelium and subsequently malabsorption of nutrients. Moreover, the digestive cells of queen bees exposed to the commercial imidacloprid presented pyknotic nuclei, suggesting a cell death process. The main alterations observed in the ovaries of these reproductive bees treated with commercial imidacloprid were degeneration and resorption of the ovariole content, which probably affected their fertilization and colony development. There were no significant changes in the spermatozoa morphology for both treatments with imidacloprid, but this insecticide may interfere with the development and reproductive success of A. mellifera colonies because it affects the morphology and function of essential organs for the survival of queens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1637-1648. SETAC.
Subject(s)
Insecticides , Ovary , Animals , Bees , Female , Insecticides/toxicity , Male , Neonicotinoids/toxicity , Nitro Compounds/toxicity , Seeds , Spermatozoa/physiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: la seguridad en la atención en salud se ha convertido en una prioridad mundial, por lo cual es importantecaracterizar los eventos adversos con elfin de tomar las medidas pertinentes para prevenirlos. Objetivo: caracterizar la población que presentó los eventos adversos, describiendo las características relacionadas con el paciente, el ambiente yel personal de enfermería. Métodos: análisis descriptivo de una cohorte hospitalariapiloto sobre los eventos adversos relacionados con el cuidado de enfermería, en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Fueron incluidos 198 pacientes, a quienes se les aplicó en las primeras horas de hospitalización un formato que evaluaba posibles factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de eventos adversos: úlceras por presión, caídas, flebitis y retiros de dispositivos terapéuticos. Resultados: las características que prevalecieron con respecto al pacientefueron: lasalteraciones en el estado de ánimo, el confinamiento a la camay la dieta especial; en cuanto al ambiente, la falta de insumos para la prevención de UPP y timbres. El promedio de pacientes por enfermera profesional fue de 27,3 y en personal auxiliar de enfermería de 9,1. Conclusiones: el conocer las características que estuvieron presentes en los pacientes que desarrollaron un evento adverso, es una primera aproximación sobre la problemática y un elemento importante para que las organizaciones de salud tengan mayores argumentos e inviertan en prácticas más seguras(AU)
Introduction: safety in health care has become a priority in many countries. It is important to inquire about those fact involved in its occurrence for the organizations to respond appropriately to prevent them. Objective: To characterize the population who presented adverse events, describing the characteristics related to the patient, the environment and the nursing staff. Methodology: descriptive analysis of a cohort pilot hospital about adverse events related to nursing care, in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Results: Prevalent events found in patients were alterations in mood, confinement to bed and need for special diet; in the environment events were: lack of inputs for pressure ulcers prevention and lack of nurse call buttons. The average number of patients per nurse practitioner was 27.3 and auxiliary nurses of 9.1. Conclusions: The knowledge about the characteristics that were present in the patients who developed an adverse event, is a first approximation of the problem and an important element for health organizations have more arguments for investing in safer practices(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Factors , Patient Satisfaction , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Nursing Care/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cohort Studies , HospitalizationABSTRACT
Introduction: In Colombia, children are frequently exposed to traumatic events; however, there are no data regarding the impact on depression, anxiety and somatic correlates of such exposure in children living in rural communities. Objective: To investigate the somatic complaints and symptoms of depression and anxiety among children exposed to traumatic events in a rural community of Colombia. Methods: Design: Cross-Sectional study. Participants: Two hundred and ninety-three Colombian children aged eight to 18 years. Main Outcome Measures: Standardized measures were administered to assess children's depression, anxiety, physical symptoms and exposure to traumatic events. Depression: CDI (Children's Depression Inventory); anxiety: SCARED (The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders); somatic complaints: CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Somatic Complaints scale) and reporting traumatic events during the K-SADS-PL (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents). Results: Ninety-one of the 293 children (31.1%) reported somatic complaints. The most common somatic complaint was in the gastrointestinal category (35/91). One hundred and seventy eight children (60.5%) had observed traumatic events, including homicides during the last month. Two hundred five (69.9%) of the children showed depressive symptom profiles above established norms, and 239 (81.6%) exhibited anxiety symptoms according to their own reports. The correlation between depression and traumatic events, anxiety and somatic complaints, and between anxiety and depression were statistically significant (p<0.005). Conclusions: As the first study of its kind in children living in rural communities in Colombia, it demonstrates a clear impact of traumatic events on mental health. Information that somatic complaints are commonly an expression of underlying depression and anxiety may facilitate the treatment and thereby help avoid unnecessary medical workups and sequelae from traumatized children. It is important for physicians to probe for "hidden" symptoms in traumatized children.
Introducción: En Colombia, los niños están expuestos con frecuencia a eventos traumáticos, sin embargo, no hay datos sobre el impacto de la depresión, la ansiedad y la correlación somática de dicha exposición en niños que viven en comunidades rurales. Objetivo: investigar las alteraciones somáticas, síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en los niños expuestos a eventos traumáticos en una comunidad rural de Colombia. Metodología: Diseño: Estudio transversal; Participantes: Doscientos noventa y tres niños colombianos de ocho a 18 años. Principales medidas de resultado: se aplicaron medidas estandarizadas para evaluar la depresión infantil, ansiedad, síntomas físicos y la exposición a eventos traumáticos. Depresión:CDI (Children's Depression Inventory)). Ansiedad: SCARED (The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), Enfermedades somáticas: CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Somatic Complaints scale) e informar los eventos traumáticos durante el K -SADS -PL (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents). Resultados: Noventa y uno de los 293 niños ( 31,1 % ) informaron de síntomas somáticos. La queja somática más común estuvo en la categoría gastrointestinal (35/ 91). Ciento setenta y ocho niños ( 60,5 % ) habían observado los acontecimientos traumáticos, incluyendo homicidios durante el último mes. Doscientos cinco ( 69,9 % ) de los niños mostraron perfiles de síntomas depresivos por encima de las normas establecidas, y 239 ( 81,6 % ) presentaban síntomas de ansiedad según sus propios informes. La correlación entre la depresión y los eventos traumáticos, la ansiedad y quejas somáticas, y entre la ansiedad y la depresión fueron estadísticamente significativas ( p < 0,005 ). Conclusiones: como el primer estudio de su tipo en los niños que viven en comunidades rurales de Colombia , demuestra un claro impacto de eventos traumáticos en la salud mental. La afirmación que las quejas somáticas son comúnmente una expresión de la depresión y la ansiedad subyacente puede facilitar el tratamiento y de ese modo ayudar a evitar abordajes médicos innecesarios y secuelas en los niños traumatizados . Es importante para los médicos explorar los síntomas "ocultos" en los niños traumatizados.